/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Simulation of hyperpolarization-activated graded persistent
activity in prefrontal cortex
Reference: Winograd M, Destexhe A, Sanchez-Vives, MV.
Hyperpolarization-activated graded persistent activity in
the prefrontal cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
105: 7298-7303, 2008.
Intrinsic currents: INa, IKd for action potentials, IM for
spike-frequency adaptation, ICaL for calcium currents,
calcium dynamics and the hyperpolarization-activated current
Ih. There is also a calcium regulation of Ih, which was
taken from thalamic neurons (Destexhe et al., J Neurophysiol.,
1996)
"saturating" model (supplementary Fig S7 of the paper)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// load and define general graphical procedures
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
load_file("nrngui.hoc")
objectvar g[20] // max 20 graphs
ngraph = 0
proc addgraph() { local ii // define subroutine to add a new graph
// addgraph("variable", minvalue, maxvalue)
ngraph = ngraph+1
ii = ngraph-1
g[ii] = new Graph()
g[ii].size(0,tstop,$2,$3)
g[ii].xaxis()
g[ii].yaxis()
g[ii].addvar($s1,1,0)
g[ii].save_name("graphList[0].")
graphList[0].append(g[ii])
}
nrnmainmenu() // create main menu
nrncontrolmenu() // crate control menu
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// general parameters
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
dt=0.1
tstop = 66000
runStopAt = tstop
steps_per_ms = 5
celsius = 36
v_init = -70
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// create compartments and insert currents
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
create soma
access soma
soma { // neuron settings
nseg = 1
diam = 18.8
L = 18.8
Ra = 123.0
}
soma { // passive properties
insert ppasi
g_ppasi = 0.001
e_ppasi = -70
}
soma { // active properties
insert hh3 // INa and IKd
gnabar_hh3=0.07
gkbar_hh3=0.007
insert im // IKM
gkbar_im = 4e-6
taumax_im = 4000 // adaptation decay time cst of 622 ms
insert iL // ICaL
pca_IL = 2.76e-4
insert cada // calcium dynamics
taur_cada = 20
depth_cada = 1
insert iar // Ih current
ghbar_iar=0.00002
cac_iar = 0.006
// values for the "non-saturating" model
// k2_iar = 1e-5 // slower decay of P1 compared to thalamic model
// k4_iar = 0.001 // -> decay time cst of 875 ms (same as thalamic model)
// values for the "saturating" model (faster upregulation kinetics)
k2_iar = 1e-4
k4_iar = 0.008
}
objref APC // insert AP counter + calculate firing rate
APC = new APCounter2(0.5)
soma APC.loc(0.5)
eh=-20
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// insert periodic current pulse generator
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
objref curr
curr = new Ipulse3()
soma curr.loc(0.5)
curr.del = 10000 // delay before starting first pulse
curr.dur = 4000 // duration of pulse
curr.per = curr.del + curr.dur // total period between pulses
curr.num = 100 // nb of pulses
for i=0,curr.num-1 {
curr.amp[i] = -0.3 // amplitude of the pulses
}
curr.dc = 0.232 // dc current
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// add graphs
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
objref vbox, hbox[3]
if (name_declared("use_boxes")) {
vbox=new VBox()
vbox.intercept(1)
new_row(0)
}
addgraph("soma.v(0.5)",-80,20) // membrane potential
addgraph("curr.i",-0.3,0.3) // current
addgraph("soma.m_iar(0.5)",0,2) // activation of Ih
//addgraph("soma.o1_iar(0.5)",0,1) // v-dep open state
//addgraph("soma.o2_iar(0.5)",0,1) // ca-bound open state
if (name_declared("use_boxes")) { new_row(1) }
addgraph("soma.p1_iar(0.5)",0,0.1) // ca-bound 2nd messenger
addgraph("soma.cai(0.5)",0,0.01) // calcium
//addgraph("soma.ica(0.5)",-0.1,0) // calcium current
addgraph("APC.rate",0,50) // instantaneous firing rate
if (name_declared("use_boxes")) {
hbox[1].intercept(0)
hbox[1].map()
}