"A Computational Model of the Ribbon Synapse" M.A. Sikora, J. Gottesman, R.F. Miller J Neurosci Methods (2005) 145:47-61 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.11.023 A model of the ribbon synapse was developed to replicate both pre- and postsynaptic functions of this glutamatergic juncture. The presynaptic portion of the model is rich in anatomical and physiological detail and includes multiple release sites for each ribbon based on anatomical studies of presynaptic terminals, presynaptic voltage at the terminal, the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels and a calcium-dependent release mechanism whose rate varies as a function of the calcium concentration that is monitored at two different sites which control both an ultrafast, docked pool of vesicles and a release ready pool of tethered vesicles. The postsynaptic portion of the program models diffusion of glutamate and the physiological properties of glutamatergic neurotransmission in target cells. We demonstrate the behavior of the model using the retinal bipolar cell to ganglion cell ribbon synapse. The model was constrained by the anatomy of salamander bipolar terminals based on the ultrastructure of these synapses and presynaptic contacts were placed onto realistic ganglion cell morphology activated by a range of ribbon synapses (46-138). These inputs could excite the cell in a manner consistent with physiological observations. This model is a comprehensive, first generation attempt to assemble our present understanding of the ribbon synapse into a domain that permits testing our understanding of this important structure. We believe that with minor modifications of this model it can be fine tuned for other ribbons synapses. ~ Figures 7-11 of "A Computational Model of the Ribbon Synapse" can be replicated with this code. After compiling all MOD files load the appropriate HOC file (fig7.hoc, fig8.hoc, or fig9-11.hoc) from the neuron main menu after starting nrngui or by either double clicking in mswin's window explorer or typing nrngui filename.hoc in unix. Session files are called by the HOC file, except for fig8, where there are 4 different SES files. The session files contain instructions for running the simulation which are displayed in a message in a graph when run. Implementation details are best found in ribbon_tiger.mod 20120113 Updated capump.mod casimple.mod from euler to derivimplicit as per http://www.neuron.yale.edu/phpbb/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=592