TITLE HH channel that includes both a sodium and a delayed rectifier channel COMMENT Original taken from: Bernader, et al., 1991, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 11569-11573, doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.24.11569 Accounts for sodium conductance attenuation: Jung et al., 1997, J. Neurosci. 17, 6639-6647, doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-17-06639.1997 Migliore et al., 1999, J. Comput. Neurosci. 7, 5-15, doi: 10.1023/a:1008906225285 Bartlett Mel-modified Hodgkin - Huxley conductances Terrence Brannon-added attenuation Yiota Poirazi-modified Kdr and Na threshold and time constants, to make it more stable, 2000, poirazi@LNC.usc.edu Used in all BUT somatic and axon sections. The spike threshold is about -50 mV ENDCOMMENT NEURON { SUFFIX hha_old USEION na READ ena WRITE ina USEION k READ ek WRITE ik NONSPECIFIC_CURRENT il RANGE gnabar, gkbar, gl, el, ik, ina, il RANGE ar2 } UNITS { (mA) = (milliamp) (mV) = (millivolt) (S) = (siemens) FARADAY = (faraday) (kilocoulombs) R = (k-mole) (joule/degC) } PARAMETER { : parameters that can be entered when function is called in cell-setup a0r = 0.0003 (/ms) b0r = 0.0003 (/ms) zetar = 12 (1) zetas = 12 (1) gmr = 0.2 (1) : Na-conductance attenuation, "s", (ar2=1 -> zero attenuation) ar2 = 1.0 :initialized parameter for location-dependent taumin = 3 (ms) :min activation time for "s" attenuation system vvs = 2 (mV) :slope for "s" attenuation system vhalfr = -60 (mV) :half potential for "s" attenuation system gnabar = 0 (S/cm2) gkbar = 0 (S/cm2) gl = 0 (S/cm2) } ASSIGNED { : parameters needed to solve DE v (mV) ena (mV) ek (mV) el (mV) celsius (degC) ina (mA/cm2) ik (mA/cm2) il (mA/cm2) minf taum (ms) hinf tauh (ms) sinf taus (ms) ninf taun (ms) } STATE { :the unknown parameters to be solved in the DEs m h s n } BREAKPOINT { SOLVE states METHOD cnexp ina = gnabar*pow(m, 2)*h*s*(v - ena) :Sodium current ik = gkbar*pow(n, 2)*(v - ek) :Potassium current il = gl*(v - el) :leak current } DERIVATIVE states { rates(v) m' = (minf - m)/taum :Na activation variable h' = (hinf - h)/tauh :Na inactivation variable s' = (sinf - s)/taus :Na attenuation variable n' = (ninf - n)/taun :K activation variable } INITIAL {:initialize the following parameter using states() rates(v) m = minf h = hinf s = 1 n = ninf } FUNCTION alpr(v(mV)) (1) { :used in "s" activation system tau alpr = exp(1.e-3*zetar*(v-vhalfr)*FARADAY/(R*(273.16+celsius))) } FUNCTION betr(v(mV)) (1) { :used in "s" activation system tau betr = exp(1.e-3*zetar*gmr*(v-vhalfr)*FARADAY/(R*(273.16+celsius))) } PROCEDURE rates(v (mV)) { minf = 1 / (1 + exp((v - 8(mV) + 42.5(mV))/(-3(mV)))) : Na activation hinf = 1 / (1 + exp((v - 8(mV) + 49(mV))/(3.5(mV)))) : Na inactivation sinf = (1 + ar2*exp((v-vhalfr)/vvs))/(1 + exp((v-vhalfr)/vvs)) : Na attenuation ninf = 1 / (1 + exp((v - 8(mV) + 46.3(mV))/(-3(mV)))) : K activation taum = 0.05 :Na activation tau tauh = 0.5 :Na inactivation tau taun = 2.2 :K activation tau taus = betr(v)/(a0r + b0r*alpr(v)) :s activation tau if (taus < taumin) {taus = taumin} }