TITLE Fast A-type potassium current (Kv4.2) COMMENT neuromodulation is added as in two ways: 1. A shift parameter is added to the infinity curves that can be used to shift the voltage dependece of the channel. By deafult this does not also shift the time constant. 2. A function that scales the conductance of the channel (voltage independent). functions: modulation = 1 + damod*(maxMod-1)*level where: damod [0]: is a switch for turning modulation on or off {1/0} maxMod [1]: is the maximum modulation for this specific channel (read from the param file) e.g. 10% increase would correspond to a factor of 1.1 (100% +10%) {0-inf} level [0]: is an additional parameter for scaling modulation. Can be used simulate non static modulation by gradually changing the value from 0 to 1 {0-1} [] == default values {} == ranges ENDCOMMENT NEURON { THREADSAFE SUFFIX kaf USEION k READ ek WRITE ik RANGE gbar, gk, ik RANGE damod, maxMod, level, max2, lev2, modShift } UNITS { (S) = (siemens) (mV) = (millivolt) (mA) = (milliamp) } PARAMETER { gbar = 0.0 (S/cm2) q = 2 damod = 0 maxMod = 1 level = 0 max2 = 1 lev2 = 0 modShift = 0 } ASSIGNED { v (mV) ek (mV) ik (mA/cm2) gk (S/cm2) minf mtau (ms) hinf htau (ms) } STATE { m h } BREAKPOINT { SOLVE states METHOD cnexp gk = gbar*m*m*h *modulation() ik = gk*(v-ek) } DERIVATIVE states { rates() m' = (minf-m)/mtau*q h' = (hinf-h)/htau*q } INITIAL { rates() m = minf h = hinf } PROCEDURE rates() { LOCAL alpha, beta, sum UNITSOFF alpha = 1.5/(1+exp((v-4+modShift)/(-17))) beta = 0.6/(1+exp((v-10+modShift)/9)) sum = alpha+beta minf = alpha/sum mtau = 1/sum : mtau = 1/( 1.5/(1+exp((v-4)/(-17))) + 0.6/(1+exp((v-10)/9)) ) : don't shift tau alpha = 0.105/(1+exp((v-(-121)+modShift)/22)) beta = 0.065/(1+exp((v-(-55)+modShift)/(-11))) sum = alpha+beta hinf = alpha/sum htau = 1/sum : htau = 1/( 0.105/(1+exp((v-(-121))/22)) + 0.065/(1+exp((v-(-55))/(-11))) ) : don't shift tau UNITSON } FUNCTION modulation() { : returns modulation factor modulation = 1 + damod * ( (maxMod-1)*level + (max2-1)*lev2 ) if (modulation < 0) { modulation = 0 } } COMMENT Original data by Tkatch (2000), P4-6 rat, 22 C. Genesis implementation by Kai Du , MScell v9.5. Revision by Robert Lindroos , q factor applied to both m and h instead of h only. NEURON implementation by Alexander Kozlov . ENDCOMMENT