// Created 01/13/09 15:54:46 by "/usr/site/scripts/loadfiles batch.hoc"
//================================================================
// INSERTED batch.hoc
// =Id=  batch.hoc,v 1.6 2004/07/03 20:22:46 billl Exp 

// when running loadfiles on this, need to edit nrnoc.hoc to remove 
// conditional: if (xwindows) ... else ...

// obsolete load_file("stdgui.hoc")
load_file("nrngui.hoc")

{graph_flag=0 xwindows=0 batch_flag=1}
//================================================================
// INSERTED /usr/site/nrniv/local/hoc/setup.hoc
// =Id=  setup.hoc,v 1.24 2006/11/08 00:51:51 billl Exp 
// variables normally controlled by SIMCTRL

// load_file("setup.hoc")
show_panel=0
strdef simname, filename, output_file, datestr, uname, comment, section, osname
objref tmpfile,nil,graphItem,sfunc
sfunc = hoc_sf_  // from stdlib.hoc
proc chop () { sfunc.left($s1,sfunc.len($s1)-1) }

tmpfile = new File()
simname = "sim"      // helpful if running multiple simulations simultaneously
runnum = 1           // updated at end of run
if (unix_mac_pc()==1) osname = "Linux" else if (unix_mac_pc()==2) { 
    osname = "Mac" } else if (unix_mac_pc()==3) osname = "PC"
if (!strcmp(osname,"PC")) {
     uname="PC"
     datestr="ouput" // substitute for date on PC
 } else {
	system("uname -m",uname)  // keep track of type of machine for byte compatibility
	chop(uname)
	system("date +%y%b%d",datestr)
	chop(datestr) // may prefer to downcase later
}
sprint(output_file,"data/%s.%02d",datestr,runnum)  // assumes a subdir called data
printStep = 0.25 // time interval for saving to vector
graph_flag=0
batch_flag=1
xwindows = 0     // can still save but not look without xwindows

// load_file("nrnoc.hoc")
// END /usr/site/nrniv/local/hoc/setup.hoc
//================================================================
//================================================================
// INSERTED /usr/site/nrniv/simctrl/hoc/nrnoc.hoc
// =Id=  nrnoc.hoc,v 1.74 2007/11/20 07:51:52 billl Exp 

proc nrnoc () {}

// Users should not edit nrnoc.hoc or default.hoc.  Any local 
// changes to these files should be made in local.hoc.

// key '*&*' is picked up by to indicate command for emacs
proc elisp () { printf("*&* %s\n",$s1) }
// if (not exists(simname)) { strdef simname, output_file, datestr, comment }

// Simctrl.hoc will automatically load stdgraph.hoc which automatically
// loads stdrun.hoc
strdef temp_string_, user_string_  // needed for simctrl
/* Global variable default values.  NOTE that stdrun.hoc, stdgraph.hoc
and simctrl.hoc all contain variable definitions and thus default.hoc
should be loaded after these files */
//================================================================
// INSERTED /usr/site/nrniv/simctrl/hoc/default.hoc
// =Id=  default.hoc,v 1.5 2003/07/08 16:16:52 billl Exp 
/* This file contains various global defaults for hoc

** Users should not edit nrnoc.hoc or default.hoc.  Any local 
changes to these files should be made in local.hoc.
----------------------------------------------------------------*/

/*------------------------------------------------------------
Object defaults
------------------------------------------------------------*/

/*** Define a "nil" object ***/
objectvar nil

/*------------------------------------------------------------
String defaults
------------------------------------------------------------*/

/*** "Section" is used if errors are found in the initializiations ***/
strdef section

/*** Misc defines used by graphic routines ***/
temp_string_ = "t"
tempvar = 0

/*------------------------------------------------------------
Simulation defaults
------------------------------------------------------------*/

                        /* To be consistent w/the nmodl values */
FARADAY = 96520.        /* Hoc default = 96484.56 */
PI      = 3.14159       /* Hoc default = 3.1415927 */

                        /* 0=off, 1=on */
print_flag  = 0         /* Write to output file */
graph_flag  = 1         /* Plot output */
iv_flag     = 1         /* Using Interviews plotting */
batch_flag  = 0         /* Using batch_run() */
compress_flag = 0       /* Compress output file when saved */
stoprun     = 0         /* 0=running, 1=stopped */
iv_loaded   = 0         /* Load initial iv stuff on once */

init_seed   = 830529
run_seed    = 680612

t           = 0         /* msec */
dt          = .01       /* msec */
tstop       = 100       /* msec */
printStep   = 0.1       /* msec */
plotStep    = 0.1       /* msec */
flushStep   = 0.1       /* msec */
eventStep   = 50        /* Number of nstep's before a doEvent */

secondorder = 0

celsius     = 6.3       /* degC */

v_init      = -70       /* (mV) */
global_ra   = 200       /* (ohm-cm) specific axial resisitivity */

/*** Ion parameters ***/
ca_init     = 50e-6     /* mM */
na_init     = 10        /* mM */
k_init      = 54.4      /* mM */

// END /usr/site/nrniv/simctrl/hoc/default.hoc
//================================================================

/* Allows arrays of strings */
objref hoc_obj_[2]
//================================================================
// INSERTED /usr/site/nrniv/simctrl/hoc/simctrl.hoc
// =Id=  simctrl.hoc,v 1.14 2000/11/27 21:59:33 billl Exp 
// Graphic routines for neuremacs simulation control

proc sim_panel () {
    xpanel(simname)
          xvarlabel(output_file)
  	xbutton("Init", "stdinit()")
  	xbutton("Init & Run", "run()")
  	xbutton("Stop", "stoprun=1")
  	xbutton("Continue till Tstop", "continueRun(tstop)")
  	xvalue("Continue till", "runStopAt", 1, "{continueRun(runStopAt) stoprun=1}", 1, 1)
  	xvalue("Continue for", "runStopIn", 1, "{continueRun(t + runStopIn) stoprun=1}", 1,1)
  	xbutton("Single Step", "steprun()")
  	xvalue("Tstop", "tstop", 1, "tstop_changed()", 0, 1)
  	graphmenu()
  	sim_menu_bar()
  	misc_menu_bar()
    xpanel()
  }

proc misc_menu_bar() {
    xmenu("Miscellaneous")
      xbutton("Label Graphs", "labelgrs()")
      xbutton("Label With String", "labelwith()")
      xbutton("Label Panel", "labelpanel()")
  	xbutton("Parameterized Function", "load_template(\"FunctionFitter\") makefitter()")
    xmenu()
  }

proc sim_menu_bar() {
    xmenu("Simulation Control")
      xbutton("File Vers", "elisp(\"sim-current-files\")")
      xbutton("File Status...", "elisp(\"sim-rcs-status\")")
      xbutton("Sim Status", "elisp(\"sim-portrait\")")
      xbutton("Load Current Files", "elisp(\"sim-load-sim\")")
      xbutton("Load Templates", "elisp(\"sim-load-templates\")") 
      xbutton("Load File...", "elisp(\"sim-load-file\")") 
      xbutton("Save Sim...", "elisp(\"sim-save-sim\")")
      xbutton("Set File Vers...", "elisp(\"sim-set-file-ver\")")
      xbutton("Read Current Vers From Index", "elisp(\"sim-read-index-file\")")
      xbutton("Read Last Saved Vers", "elisp(\"sim-read-recent-versions\")")
      xbutton("Output to sim buffer", "elisp(\"sim-direct-output\")")
    xmenu()
  }

proc labelpanel() {
    xpanel(simname,1)
  	xvarlabel(output_file)
    xpanel()
  }

proc labels () {
    labelwith($s1)
    labelgrs()
  }

proc labelgrs () { local i, j, cnt
    for j=0,n_graph_lists-1 {
        cnt = graphList[j].count() - 1
        for i=0,cnt labelgr(graphList[j].object(i))
      }
  }

proc labelwith () { local i, j, cnt
    temp_string_ = user_string_  // save the old one
    if (numarg() == 1) { /* interactive mode */  
        user_string_ = $s1
      } else {
        string_dialog("write what?", user_string_)
      }
    for j=0,n_graph_lists-1 {
        cnt = graphList[j].count() - 1
        for i=0,cnt {
            graphList[j].object(i).color(0)
            graphList[j].object(i).label(0.5,0.9,temp_string_)
            graphList[j].object(i).color(1)
            graphList[j].object(i).label(0.5,0.9,user_string_)
          }
      }
  }

proc labelgr () { local i
    $o1.color(0)  // white overwrite
    for (i=0;i<10;i=i+1) { // erase every possible runnum for this date
        sprint(temp_string_,"%s %d%d",datestr,i,i)
        $o1.label(0.1,0.7,temp_string_) }
    $o1.color(1) // back to basic black
    sprint(temp_string_,"%s %02d",datestr,runnum)
    $o1.label(0.1,0.7,temp_string_)
  }

// END /usr/site/nrniv/simctrl/hoc/simctrl.hoc
//================================================================

proc run () {
    running_ = 1
    stdinit()
    continueRun(tstop)
    finish()
  }

proc continueRun () { local rt, rtstart, ts
    if (numarg()==1) ts=$1 else ts=t+1e3
    realtime = 0  rt = screen_update_invl  rtstart = startsw()
    eventcount=0
    eventslow=1
    stoprun = 0
    if (using_cvode_) {
        if (cvode.use_local_dt || (cvode.current_method()%10) == 0) {
            cvode.solve(ts)
            flushPlot()
            realtime = startsw() - rtstart
            return
          }
      } else {
        ts -= dt/2
      }
    while (t<ts && stoprun==0) {
        step()
        realtime = startsw() - rtstart
        if (realtime >= rt) {
            //                        if (!stdrun_quiet) fastflushPlot()
            screen_update()
            //really compute for at least screen_update_invl
            realtime = startsw() - rtstart
            rt = realtime + screen_update_invl
          }
      }
    if (using_cvode_ && stoprun == 0) { // handle the "tstop" event
        step() // so all recordings take place at tstop
      }
    flushPlot()
    realtime = startsw() - rtstart
  }

proc stdinit() {
          cvode_simgraph()
          realtime = 0
          setdt()
          init()
          initPlot()
  }

proc init () {
    cvode_simgraph()
    initMech()
    initMisc1()
  
    // Initialize state vars then calculate currents
    // If user hand-set v in initMisc1() then v_init should be > 1000,
    // else all compartments will be set to v_init
    if (v_init < 1000) {
        finitialize(v_init)
      } else {
        finitialize()
      }
  
    // Set ca pump and leak channel for steady state
    setMemb()
  
    initMisc2()
    if (cvode_active()) cvode.re_init() else fcurrent()
    frecord_init()
  }

// Initialization of mechanism variables
// NOTE: if any changes are made to the NEURON block of any local mod
// file, the user must add the necessary inits to initMisc1()
proc initMech () { 
    forall {
        if ((!ismembrane("pas")) && (!ismembrane("Passive"))) { 
            // Allow for either pas or Passive mod file usage
            // errorMsg("passive not inserted") 
          }
    
        if (ismembrane("na_ion")) { 
            nai = na_init
            nai0_na_ion = na_init
          }
        
        if (ismembrane("k_ion")) {
            ki = k_init
            ki0_k_ion = k_init
          }
        
        if (ismembrane("ca_ion")) { 
            cai = ca_init
            cai0_ca_ion = ca_init
          }
      }
  }

//* setMemb complex -- multiple names for passive mech
//** declarations
iterator scase() { local i
    for i = 1, numarg() { temp_string_ = $si iterator_statement }}
objref paslist,pasvars[3],XO
double pasvals[2],x[1]
paslist = new List()
for ii=0,2 pasvars[ii]= new String()
for scase("fastpas","pas","Pass","Passive") paslist.append(new String(temp_string_))

//** getval(),setval() -- return/set the hoc value of a string
func retval () { return getval($s1) }
func getval () { 
    sprint(temp_string2_,"x=%s",$s1)
    execute(temp_string2_)
    return x
  }
proc setval () { 
    sprint(temp_string2_,"%s=%g",$s1,$2)
    execute(temp_string2_)
  }

//** findpas()
// assumes that we are starting in a live section since looks for pass mech there
qx_=0
proc findpas () {
    for ii=0,paslist.count-1 {
        XO=paslist.object(ii)
        if (ismembrane(XO.s)) {
            // print XO.s,"found"
            pasvars[2].s=XO.s
            sprint(pasvars[0].s,"g_%s(qx_)",XO.s)
            for scase("e","erev","XXXX") {  // look for the proper prefix
                sprint(temp_string_,"%s_%s",temp_string_,XO.s)
                if (name_declared(temp_string_)==1) break
              }
            if (name_declared(temp_string_)==0) { // not found
                printf("SetMemb() in nrnoc.hoc: Can't find proper 'erev' prefix for %s\n",XO.s)
              } else {
                sprint(pasvars[1].s,"%s(qx_)",temp_string_)
              }
          }
      }
  }

proc setMemb () {
    if (!secp()) return
    findpas() // assume that passive name is the same in all sections
    forall for (qx_,0) {  // will eventually want 'for (x)' to handle all the segments
        if (ismembrane(pasvars[2].s)) {
              for ii=0,1 pasvals[ii]=getval(pasvars[ii].s)
              setmemb2()
              for ii=0,1 setval(pasvars[ii].s,pasvals[ii])
          }
      }
  }

// secp() determine whether any sections exist
func secp () { local n
    n=0
    forall n+=1
    if (n>0) return 1 else return 0
  }

func setother () {return 0} // callback stub
proc setmemb2 () { local iSum, ii, epas, gpas
    if (!secp()) return
    gpas=pasvals[0] epas=pasvals[1]
    // Setup steady state voltage using leak channel
    iSum = 0.0
    if (ismembrane("na_ion")) { iSum += ina(qx_) }
    if (ismembrane("k_ion"))  { iSum += ik(qx_)  }
    if (ismembrane("ca_ion")) { iSum += ica(qx_) }
    iSum += setother()
  
    if (iSum == 0) {        // Passive cmp so set e_pas = v
        epas = v
      } else {
        if (gpas > 0) {    // Assume g set by user, calc e
            epas = v + iSum/gpas
      
          } else {            // Assume e set by user, calc g
            if (epas != v) {
                gpas = iSum/(epas - v)
              } else { gpas=0 }
          }
        if (gpas < 0) errorMsg("bad g", gpas)
        if (epas < -100 || epas > 0) {
            printf(".")
            // printf("%s erev: %g %g %g\n",secname(),e_pas,ina,ik)
          }
      }
    pasvals[0]=gpas pasvals[1]=epas
  }

proc finish () {
    /* Called following completion of continueRun() */
  
  finishMisc()
  
  if (graph_flag == 1) {
      if (iv_flag == 1) {
          flushPlot()
          doEvents()
        } else {
          graphmode(-1)
          plt(-1)
        }
    }
  
  if (print_flag == 1) {
      wopen("")
    }
  }

/*------------------------------------------------------------
User definable GRAPHICS and PRINTING routines
------------------------------------------------------------*/

proc outputData() {
    // Default procedure - if outputData() doesn't exist in the run file
  
    if (graph_flag == 1) {
        if (iv_flag == 1) {
            Plot()
            rt = stopsw()
            if (rt > realtime) {
                realtime = rt
                fastflushPlot()
                doNotify()
                if (realtime == 2 && eventcount > 50) {
                    eventslow = int(eventcount/50) + 1
                  }
                eventcount = 0
              }else{
                eventcount = eventcount + 1
                if ((eventcount%eventslow) == 0) {
                    doEvents()
                  }
              }
      
          } else {
            graph(t)
          }
      }
  
    if (print_flag == 1) { 
        if (t%printStep <= printStep) { printOut() }
      }
  }

proc printOut() {
    /* Default procedure - if printOut() doesn't exist in the run file */
  }

proc initGraph() {
    /* Default procedure - if initGraph() doesn't exist in the run file */
  
  graph()
  }

proc initPrint() {
    /* Default procedure - if initPrint() doesn't exist in the run file */
  
  wopen(output_file)
  }

/*------------------------------------------------------------
User definable BATCH RUN routines
------------------------------------------------------------*/

proc nextrun() {
    // Called from finishmisc() following completion of batch in an autorun
    wopen("")   
    runnum = runnum + 1
    sprint(output_file,"data/b%s.%02d", datestr, runnum)
  }                       

// commands for emacs
proc update_runnum() { 
    runnum = $1
    sprint(output_file,"data/%s.%02d", datestr, runnum)
    print "^&^ (progn (sim-index-revert)(setq sim-runnum ",runnum,"))" }
proc nrn_write_index() { printf("&INDEX& %s\n",$s1) }
proc nrn_update () { elisp("nrn-update") }
proc nrn_message () { printf("!&! %s\n",$s1) } 

/*------------------------------------------------------------
User definable INITIALIZATION and FINISH routines
------------------------------------------------------------*/

// Default procedure - if initMisc1() doesn't exist in the run file 
// Initializations performed prior to finitialize() 
// This should contain point process inits and inits for any changes 
//        made to the NEURON block of any local mod file 
proc initMisc1() { }

// Default procedure - if initMisc2() doesn't exist in the run file 
// Initializations performed after finitialize() 
proc initMisc2() { }

// Default procedure - if finishMisc() doesn't exist in the run file 
proc finishMisc() { }

/*------------------------------------------------------------
Miscellaneous routines
------------------------------------------------------------*/

proc errorMsg() {
    /* Print warning, assumes arg1 is string and arg2 if present is a
    variable value */
  
  sectionname(section)
  
  if (numarg() == 0) {
      printf("ERROR in errorMsg(): Needs at least 1 argument.\n")
    } else if (numarg() == 1) {
      printf("INFO: %s in section %s.\n", $s1, section)
    } else {
      printf("INFORMATION: %s in section %s (var=%g).\n", $s1, section, $2)
    }
  }

proc clear() {
    /* Clear non-interviews plot window */
  plt(-3)
  }

func mod() { local x, y
    /* Mod function for non-integers */
  
  x=$1
  y=$2
  
  return (x/y - int(x/y))
  }

proc whatSection() { print secname() }

proc print_pp_location() { local x //arg1 must be a point process
     x = $o1.get_loc()
     sectionname(temp_string_)
     printf("%s located at %s(%g)\n", $o1, temp_string_, x)
     pop_section()
  }

//* set method with method()
proc method () { local prc
    if (numarg()==0) {
        if (cvode_active() && cvode_local()) { printf("\tlocal atol=%g\n",cvode.atol)
          } else if (cvode_active()) { printf("\tglobal atol=%g\n",cvode.atol)
          } else if (secondorder==2) { printf("\tCrank-Nicholson dt=%g\n",dt)
          } else if (secondorder==0) { printf("\timplicit dt=%g\n",dt)
          } else { printf("\tMethod unrecognized\n") }
        return
      }
    if (numarg()==2) prc = $2 else prc=0
    finitialize()
    if (strcmp($s1,"global")==0) {
        cvode_active(1)
        cvode.condition_order(2)
        if (prc) cvode.atol(prc)
      } else if (strcmp($s1,"local")==0) {
        cvode_local(1)
        cvode.condition_order(2)
        if (prc) cvode.atol(prc)
      } else if (strcmp($s1,"implicit")==0) {
        secondorder=0
        cvode_active(1)
        cvode_active(0)
        if (prc) dt=prc
      } else if (strcmp($s1,"CN")==0) {
        secondorder=2
        cvode_active(1) // this turns off local
        cvode_active(0)
        if (prc) dt=prc
      } else {
        printf("Integration method %s not recognized\n",$s1)
      }
  }

//* Load local modifications to nrnoc.hoc and default.hoc
//================================================================
// INSERTED /usr/site/nrniv/simctrl/hoc/local.hoc
//  $Header: /usr/site/nrniv/simctrl/hoc/RCS/local.hoc,v 1.15 2003/02/13 15:32:06 billl Exp $
//
//  This file contains local modifications to nrnoc.hoc and default.hoc
//
//  Users should not edit nrnoc.hoc or default.hoc.  Any local 
//  changes to these files should be made in this file.

// ------------------------------------------------------------
//* MODIFICATIONS TO NRNOC.HOC
// The procedures declared here will overwrite any duplicate
// procedures in nrnoc.hoc.
// ------------------------------------------------------------

//*MODIFICATIONS TO DEFAULT.HOC
//
// Vars added here may not be handled properly within nrnoc.hoc
//------------------------------------------------------------

//** String defaults

//** Simulation defaults

long_dt     = .001      // msec 

objref sfunc,tmpfile
sfunc = hoc_sf_   // needed to use is_name()
tmpfile = new File()  // check for existence before opening a user's local.hoc file

proc write_comment () {
    tmpfile.aopen("index")
    tmpfile.printf("%s\n",$s1)
    tmpfile.close()  
  }

func asin () { return atan($1/sqrt(1-$1*$1)) }
func acos () { return atan(sqrt(1-$1*$1)/$1) }

objref mt[2]
mt = new MechanismType(0)
proc uninsert_all () { local ii
    forall for ii=0,mt.count()-1 {
        mt.select(ii)
        mt.selected(temp_string_)
        if (strcmp(temp_string_,"morphology")==0) continue
        if (strcmp(temp_string_,"capacitance")==0) continue
        if (strcmp(temp_string_,"extracellular")==0) continue
        if (sfunc.substr(temp_string_,"_ion")!=-1) continue
        mt.remove()
        // print ii,temp_string_
      }
  }

condor_run = 0  // define for compatability
// END /usr/site/nrniv/simctrl/hoc/local.hoc
//================================================================

if (xwindows && graph_flag) { nrnmainmenu() } // pwman_place(50,50)

print "Init complete.\n"
// END /usr/site/nrniv/simctrl/hoc/nrnoc.hoc
//================================================================

//================================================================
// INSERTED init.hoc
// =Id=  init.hoc,v 1.19 2006/06/08 17:39:02 billl Exp  

gvmarkflag=0
graph_flag=0
show_panel = 0

//================================================================
// INSERTED /usr/site/nrniv/local/hoc/grvec.hoc
//* =Id=  grvec.hoc,v 1.646 2009/01/07 15:49:00 billl Exp 

// argtype: 0:double; 1:obj; 2:str; 3:double pointer
objref g[10],printlist,grv_,panobj,panobjl
//================================================================
// INSERTED /usr/site/nrniv/local/hoc/nqs.hoc
// =Id=  nqs.hoc,v 1.626 2009/01/09 14:23:37 billl Exp 

// primarily edited in nrniv/place
if (!name_declared("VECST_INSTALLED")) {
    printf("NQS ERROR: Need vecst.mod nmodl package compiled in special.\n")
    quit()
  }
if (!VECST_INSTALLED) install_vecst()
if (! name_declared("datestr")) load_file("setup.hoc")
//================================================================
// INSERTED /usr/site/nrniv/local/hoc/decvec.hoc
// =Id=  decvec.hoc,v 1.398 2009/01/10 14:13:30 billl Exp 

proc decvec() {}

//* Declarations
objref ind, tvec, vec, vec0, vec1, tmpvec, vrtmp, veclist, veccollect, pwm
objref tmpobj, XO, YO, rdm, dir
strdef filename,dblform,tabform,xtmp
{dblform="%.4g" tabform=" "}

dir = new List()
tmpfile = new File()
if (! name_declared("datestr")) load_file("setup.hoc")
//================================================================
// INSERTED /usr/site/nrniv/local/hoc/declist.hoc
// =Id=  declist.hoc,v 1.152 2008/10/13 20:17:23 billl Exp 

//* Declarations
strdef mchnms
objref tmplist,tmplist2,tmpobj,aa,XO,YO
if (! name_declared("datestr")) load_file("setup.hoc")
tmplist = new List()
proc declist() {}

//* Templates
//** template String2
begintemplate String2
public s,t,x,append,prepend,exec,tinit
strdef s,t
proc init() {
    if (numarg() == 1) { s=$s1 }
    if (numarg() == 2) { s=$s1 t=$s2 }
    if (numarg() == 3) { s=$s1 t=$s2 x=$3 }
  }
proc append () { local i
    if (argtype(1)==2) sprint(t,"%s%s",s,$s1)
    for i=2,numarg() sprint(t,"%s%s",t,$si)
  }
proc prepend () { local i
    if (argtype(1)==2) sprint(t,"%s%s",$s1,s)
    for i=2,numarg() sprint(t,"%s%s",$si,t)
  }
proc exec () {
    if (numarg()==1) sprint(t,"%s%s",$s1,s)
    execute(t)
  }
proc tinit() { t=$s1 }

endtemplate String2

//** template DBL
begintemplate DBL
  public x
  proc init () { if (numarg()==1) x=$1 else x=0 }
endtemplate DBL

//** template Union
// USAGE: XO=new Union(val) where val can be a number string or object
//        XO=new Union(list,index) will pick up a string or object from list
//        XO=new Union(vec,index)  will pick up a number from vector
//        XO=new Union(&dbl,index) will pick up a number from double array
// Union allows storage of a double, string or object
// 2 ways of storing strings: directly in XO.s (t,u,v) OR 
//   using XO.set("NAME","STR") which is returned by XO.get("NAME").s
// It is useful as a localobj in an obfunc since it will permit returning anything
// It also makes it easy to pick up any kind of value out of a list, vector or array
// declared() not yet declared
if (!name_declared("isobj")) execute1("func isobj(){return 0}") // place holder
if (!name_declared("isassigned")) execute1("func isassigned(){return 0}") // place holder
if (!name_declared("llist")) execute1("proc llist(){}") // place holder
begintemplate Union
public ty,x,s,t,u,v,o,xptr,xg,xs,optr,og,os,get,set,xl,ol,fi,inc,list,err,pr
strdef s,t,u,v,tstr
objref o[10],xl,ol,this,xo
double x[10],sz[1],err[1]
external sfunc,isobj,isassigned,nil,DBL,llist
// 1arg -- store a num, string or obj
// 2arg -- pick up type out of list
proc init () { local ii,i,ox,xx,sx,flag
    ox=xx=sx=0 ty=argtype(1) // 'type' of Union defined by 1st arg on creation
    sz=10 // 10 is default size of arrays; for ii=0,sz-1 
    for ii=0,sz-1 x[ii]=ERR
    // special case of number in a vector or something in a list -- 2 args: list or vec,index
    err=1 flag=0
    if (numarg()/2==int(numarg()/2)) for (i=1;i<numarg();i+=2) {
        if (argtype(i)!=2 || argtype(i+1)==2) break
        flag=1
      }
    if (flag) { // "name",val,etc
        for (i=1;i<numarg();i+=1) {
            tstr=$si i+=1 
            if (argtype(i)==0) set(tstr,$i) else set(tstr,$oi)
          }
        s="" // used as temp storage only
      } else if (argtype(1)==1 && argtype(2)==0 && argtype(3)==-1) {
        ii=$2
        // printf("Union WARNING: taking single element out of a Vector or List\n")
        if (argtype(1)==1) {
            if (isobj($o1,"Vector")) { 
                if (ii<0 || ii>=$o1.size) {
                    printf("Union ERR: vec index (%d) out of bounds for %s\n",ii,$o1)
                    return }
                ty=0 x=$o1.x[ii] o=$o1
              } else if (isobj($o1,"List")) {
                if (ii<0 || ii>=$o1.count) {
                    printf("Union ERR: list index (%d) out of bounds for %s\n",ii,$o1)
                    return }
                if (isobj($o1.object(ii),"String")) { // will handle String2
                    ty=2 s=$o1.object(ii).s o=$o1.object(ii) x=ii
                  } else { ty=1 o=$o1.object(ii) x=ii }
              }
          } else if (argtype(1)==3) {
            ty=0 x=$&1[ii] // could check - but no + bound checking possible
          }
      } else for i=1,numarg() {
        ii=argtype(i)
        if (ii==0) { 
            if (xx<sz) { 
                x[xx]=$i xx+=1 
              } else printf("Only have %d doubles available so can't store %g\n",sz,$i)
          } else if (ii==2) { 
            if (sx==0) s=$si else if (sx==1) t=$si else if (sx==2) u=$si else if (sx==3) v=$si else {
                printf("Only have 4 strings available so can't store %s\n",$si) }
            sx+=1
          } else if (ii==1) { 
            if (ox<sz) { o[ox]=$oi ox+=1
              } else printf("Only have %d objects available so can't store %s\n",sz,$oi)
          } else printf("Union ERR: argtype not recognized numarg %d %d\n",i,ii)
      }
    err=0
  }

proc pr () { print "Use Union[].list" }

proc list () { local flag
    flag=0
    if (ol!=nil) {
        for ii=0,sz-1 if ((! isojt(ol,ol.o(ii)))||o[ii]!=nil) printf("%10s\t%s\n",ol.o(ii).s,o[ii])
        printf("%s\n","================================") 
        flag=1
      }
    if (xl!=nil) {
        for ii=0,sz-1 if ((! isojt(xl,xl.o(ii)))||x[ii]!=ERR) printf("%10s\t%g\n",xl.o(ii).s,x[ii])
        printf("%s\n","================================") 
        flag=1
      }
    if (!flag) {
        printf("%s\nSCALARS: ","================================") 
        for ii=0,sz-1 if (x[ii]!=ERR) printf("%d:%g ",ii,x[ii])
        printf("\n%s\nOBJECTS: ","================================") 
        for ii=0,sz-1 if (o[ii]!=nil) printf("%d:%s ",ii,o[ii])
        printf("\n%s\n","================================") 
      }
    if (sfunc.len(s)>0) printf("%10s\t%s\n","s",s)
    if (sfunc.len(t)>0) printf("%10s\t%s\n","t",t)
    if (sfunc.len(u)>0) printf("%10s\t%s\n","u",u)
    if (sfunc.len(v)>0) printf("%10s\t%s\n","v",v)
  }

// full List
obfunc newl () { localobj o
    o=new List() 
    for ii=0,sz-1 o.append(o)
    return o
  } 
proc repl () { 
    if (isobj($o1.o($2),"String")) { $o1.o($2).s=$s3
      } else { $o1.remove($2) $o1.insrt($2,new String($s3)) }
  }

func fi () { local ii
    fif=-1
    for ii=0,sz-1 {
        if ($o1.o(ii)==$o1) {
            if (fif==-1) fif=ii // first empty slot if any
          } else if (strcmp($o1.o(ii).s,$s2)==0) return ii
      }
    return ERR
  }
// put in pointers for the x values
func xptr () { local i,ii
    if (numarg()>sz) {printf("More names (%d) than x items (%d) in %s:xptr\n",numarg(),sz,this) 
        error()}
    if (!isassigned(xl)) xl=newl()
    for i=1,numarg() repl(xl,i-1,$si)
    return xl.count
  }
func optr () { local i,ii
    if (numarg()>sz) {printf("More names %d than o items (%d) in %s:optr\n",numarg(),sz,this) error()}
    if (!isassigned(ol)) ol=newl()
    for i=1,numarg()  repl(ol,i-1,$si)
    return ol.count
  }
// xg() associative get of a num
func xg () { local ii
    ii=fi(xl,$s1)
    if (ii==ERR) {printf("Union:og (num get) failed -- \"%s\" not found\n",$s1) return ERR}
    return x[ii] 
  }
// xg() associative get of an obj
obfunc og () { local ii
    ii=fi(ol,$s1)
    if (ii==ERR) {printf("Union:og (obj get) failed -- \"%s\" not found\n",$s1) return nil}
    return o[ii] 
  }
// xs(index,"label",num) set a specific location using a string -- see set()
// xs("label",num) set an existing one only
func xs () { local ii,i
    if (!isassigned(xl)) xl=newl()
    if (argtype(1)==0) {
        i=3 ii=$1 // an index
        repl(xl,ii,$s2)
      } else {
        i=2 ii=fi(xl,$s1)
        if (ii==ERR) {printf("Union:xs (num set) failed -- no %s found\n",$s1) return ERR}
      }
    if (argtype(i)!=0) {printf("Union:xs err -- arg %d must be object\n",i) return ERR}
    x[ii]=$i
    return $i
  }
// os(index,"label",obj) set a specific location using a string -- see set()
// os("label",obj) set an existing one only
obfunc os () { local ii,i
    if (!isassigned(ol)) ol=newl()
    if (argtype(1)==0) {
        i=3 ii=$1 // $1 is an index
        repl(ol,ii,$s2)
      } else {
        i=2 ii=fi(ol,$s1)
        if (ii==ERR) {printf("Union:os (obj set) failed -- \"%s\" not found\n",$s1) return nil}
      }
    if (argtype(i)!=1) {printf("Union:os err -- arg %d must be object\n",i) return nil}
    o[ii]=$oi
    return $oi
  }

// get() get any type
obfunc get () { local ii
    if        ((ii=fi(ol,$s1))!=ERR) { 
        return o[ii] 
      } else if ((ii=fi(xl,$s1))!=ERR) { 
        if (argtype(2)==3) { $&2=x[ii] return this } else { return new DBL(x[ii]) }
      } else {
        // printf("Union:get() \"%s\" not found\n",$s1) 
        return nil // make returning nil the unique error
      }
  }

// increment or with neg decrement something
func inc () { local n
    if (numarg()==2) n=$2 else n=1
    if ((ii=fi(xl,$s1))==ERR) {printf("Union:inc ERR: %s %s\n",this,$s1) return ERR}
    return x[ii]+=n
  }

// set() set any type
func set () { local ii,i,ty,fo,fx
    if (xl==nil) xl=newl() if (ol==nil) ol=newl()
    for (i=1;i<numarg();i+=1) {
        tstr=$si i+=1 
        if ((ty=argtype(i))==0) xo=xl else if (ty==1 || ty==2) xo=ol // use String() for strings
        ii=fi(xo,tstr)
        if (ii==ERR) {
            if (fif==-1) {printf("UNION:set() ERRB: %s full for type %d\n",this,ty)  return ERR}
            repl(xo,(ii=fif),tstr)
          }
        if (ty==0) x[ii]=$i else if (ty==1) o[ii]=$oi else if (ty==2) { // don't use s,t,u,v
            o[ii]=new String($si)
          }
      }
    return ii
  }
endtemplate Union

//* Iterators
//** list iterator ltr
// usage 'for ltr(tmplist) { print XO }' :: 1 arg, assumes XO as dummy
// usage 'for ltr(YO, tmplist) { print YO }' 2 arg, specify dummy
// usage 'for ltr(XO, tmplist, &x) { print XO,x }' :: x is counter (else use global i1)
// usage 'for ltr(XO, tmplist, 5) { print XO,x }' :: max; only print out 0-5
// usage 'for ltr(XO, tmplist, 5, 7) { print XO,x }' :: print 5-7
// usage 'for ltr(XO, tmplist, &x, 5) { print XO,x }' :: counter with max
// usage 'for ltr(XO, tmplist, &x, 5, 7) { print XO,x }' :: counter,min,max
iterator ltr () { local i,min,max,ifl
    min=0 max=1e9 ifl=0 // iterator flag
    if (numarg()==3) {
        if (argtype(3)==3) {ifl=1 $&3=0}
        if (argtype(3)==0) max=$3
      } else if (numarg()==4) { 
        if (argtype(3)==0) i1=min=$3 else {ifl=1 $&3=0}
        max=$4 
      } else if (numarg()==5) { 
        $&3=min=$4 max=$5 ifl=1 
      }
    if (! ifl) i1=0
    if (numarg()==1) {
        for i = 0, $o1.count-1 {
            XO = $o1.object(i)
            iterator_statement
            i1+=1
          }
        tmpobj=$o1
        XO=nil
      } else {
        if (max==1e9) max=$o2.count()-1 else if (max<0) { min=$o2.count+max max=$o2.count-1 
          } else if (max>$o2.count-1) max=$o2.count-1
        for i = min, max {
            $o1 = $o2.object(i)
            iterator_statement
            if (ifl) { $&3+=1 } else { i1+=1 }
          }
        tmpobj=$o2
        $o1 = nil
      }
  }

//** list iterator ltrb -- backwards list iterator
// usage 'for ltrb(tmplist) { print XO }' :: 1 arg, assumes XO as dummy
// usage 'for ltrb(YO, tmplist) { print YO }' 2 arg, specify dummy
// usage 'for ltrb(XO, tmplist, &x) { print XO,x }' :: 3 args, define counter (else i1 default)
//                                                 :: note that x, i1 must be defined
iterator ltrb () { local i
    if (numarg()==1) {
        i1=$o1.count-1
        for (i=$o1.count()-1;i>=0;i-=1) {
            XO = $o1.object(i)
            iterator_statement
            i1-=1
          }
        tmpobj=$o1 XO=nil
      } else {
        if (numarg()==3) $&3=$o2.count-1 else i1=$o2.count-1
        for (i=$o2.count()-1;i>=0;i-=1) {
            $o1 = $o2.object(i)
            iterator_statement
            if (numarg()==3) { $&3-=1 } else { i1-=1 }
          }
        tmpobj=$o2
        $o1 = nil
      }
  }

//** list iterator ltr2
// usage 'for ltr2(XO, YO, list1, list2) { print XO,YO }'
iterator ltr2() { local i,cnt
    if (numarg()==5) $&5=0 else i1=0
    cnt=$o4.count
    if ($o3.count != $o4.count) { print "ltr2 WARNING: lists have different lengths" 
        if ($o3.count<$o4.count) cnt=$o3.count }
    for i = 0, cnt-1 {
        $o1 = $o3.object(i)
        $o2 = $o4.object(i)
        iterator_statement
        if (numarg()==5) { $&5+=1 } else { i1+=1 }
      }
    $o1=nil $o2=nil
  }

//** list pairwise iterator ltrp
// usage 'for ltrp(XO, YO, list) { print XO,YO }' takes them pairwise
iterator ltrp() { local i
    if (numarg()==4) {$&4=0} else {i1 = 0}
    for (i=0;i<$o3.count()-1;i+=2) {
        $o1 = $o3.object(i) $o2 = $o3.object(i+1)
        iterator_statement
        if (numarg()==4) { $&4+=1 } else { i1+=1 }
      }
    $o1=nil $o2=nil
  }

//** list iterator sltr
// usage 'for sltr(XO, string) { print XO }'
iterator sltr() { local i
    tmplist = new List($s2)
    if (numarg()==3) {$&3=0} else {i1=0}
    for i = 0, tmplist.count() - 1 {
        $o1 = tmplist.object(i)
        iterator_statement
        if (numarg()==3) { $&3+=1 } else { i1+=1 }
      }
    $o1 = nil
  }

//* Procedures
//** append(LIST,o1,o2,...) -- like revec() makes a list of objects
proc append () { local i,max
    if (!isassigned($o1)) $o1=new List()
    max=numarg()
    if (argtype(max)==0) {max-=1 $o1.remove_all}
    for i=2,max $o1.append($oi)
  }

//** rcshead([flag])
// with flag does head from archive
func rcshead () { local x,flag localobj st
    x=-1 flag=0
    st=new String2()
    if (numarg()==2) {
        st=dirname($s1)
        sprint(st.t,"%sRCS/%s,v",st.s,st.t)
        flag=1
      } else st.t=$s1
    sprint(st.s,"head -1 %s",st.t)
    system(st.s,st.s)
    if (flag) sscanf(st.s,"head\t1.%d",&x) else sscanf(st.s,"%*[^,],v 1.%d",&x)
    return x
  }

//** getenv()
obfunc getenv () { localobj st
    st=new String()
    sprint(st.s,"echo $%s",$s1)
    system(st.s,st.s)
    sfunc.left(st.s,sfunc.len(st.s)-1)
    if (numarg()==2) $s2=st.s
    return st
  }

//** rcsopen(file,vers[,flag])  -- version open, flag to do load_file
// rcsopen(file,vers,proc_name)  -- just load the single proc or func from that vers
//  rcsopen("nqsnet.hoc,43,network.hoc,17,params.hoc,842,run.hoc,241") will open several files
func rcsopen () { local a,vers,ii,x,ret localobj st,fn,v1,o,xo
    st=new String2()   ret=1
    if (argtype(1)==2) st.s=$s1 else st.s=$o1.s
    // open network.hoc,params.hoc,run.hoc files for "#.#.#" 
    if (strm(st.s,"^[^,]+,[^,]+,[^,]+,[^,]+")) {
        a=allocvecs(v1)  o=new List()
        split(st.s,o)
        for (ii=1;ii<o.count;ii+=2) v1.append(str2num(o.o(ii).s))
        if (o.count!=v1.size*2) { printf("rcsopen() discrepency: ") vlk(v1) llist(o) dealloc(a) 
            return 0 }
        for ltr(xo,o,&x) if (x%2==0) { // every other
            printf("Opening %s%d\n",xo.s,v1.x[x/2])
            if (!rcsopen(xo.s,v1.x[x/2])) { dealloc(a) ret=0 }
          }
        dealloc(a)
        return ret
      }
    if (numarg()>1) vers=$2 else vers=0
    if (! vers) vers=rcshead(st.s,1) // vers=0 means get latest version
    // do checkout
    fn=filname(st.s)
    sprint(st.t,"RCS/%s,v",st.s)
    if (sfunc.len(fn.t)>0) {
        sprint(st.t,"%sRCS/%s,v",fn.t,fn.s)
        print st.s,"::",st.t,"::",fn.s,"::",fn.t
      } else if (fexists(st.t)) {
        if (rcshead(st.s)!=vers) {
            sprint(st.t,"cp -f %s %s.OLD",st.s,st.s)   system(st.t)
            sprint(st.t,"co -f -r1.%d %s",vers,st.s)   system(st.t)
          }
      } else { // look for file in remote location
        getenv("SITE",st.t)
        sprint(st.t,"%s/nrniv/local/hoc/%s",st.t,st.s)
        if (! fexists(st.t)) {printf("Can't find %s\n",st.t) return 0}
        sprint(st.s,"%s%d",st.s,vers)
        printf("Found %s at %s -> %s\n",$s1,st.t,st.s)
        sprint(st.t,"co -f -p1.%d %s > %s",vers,st.t,st.s) system(st.t)
      }
    if (numarg()>2) {
        if (argtype(3)==0) {  // 3rd arg 1 means do load_file statt xopen
            if ($3) { 
                load_file(st.s)
                return 1
              } else return 1 // 3rd arg 0 does co but no open
          } else { // 3rd arg string means locate a single proc, iter etc.
            sprint(st.s,"hocproc %s %s %s",st.s,$s3,".tmp")
            system(st.s,st.t)
            if (strm(st.t,"ERROR")) return 0 else {
                printf("Loading '%s()' from %s%d (via .tmp)\n",$s3,$s1,vers)
                xopen(".tmp")
                return 1
              } 
          }
      }
    xopen(st.s)
    return 1
  }

//** pxopen(FILE) prints out the version before opening a file
proc pxopen () { local flag localobj o
    flag=1
    o=new List("ParallelContext")
    if (o.count>0) if (o.o(0).id!=0) flag=0
    if (flag) printf("%s version %d\n",$s1,rcshead($s1))
    xopen($s1)
  }

//** lrm(LIST,STR) will remove item with string from LIST
proc lrm () { local cnt
    cnt=0
    if (argtype(2)==2) {
        for ltrb(XO,$o1) if (strm(XO.s,$s2)) { $o1.remove(i1) cnt+=1 }
        printf("%s found %d time\n",$s2,cnt)
      } else {
        $o1.remove($o1.index($o2))
      }
  }

//** lcnt(LIST,STR) will count item with string in LIST
func lcnt () { local cnt localobj xo
    cnt=0
    for ltr(xo,$o1) if (strm(xo.s,$s2)) cnt+=1
    return cnt
  }

//** lrepl(LIST,#,OBJ) will replace item at location # with OBJ
proc lrepl () { $o1.remove($2) $o1.insrt($2,$o3) }

//** lswap(list,#1,#2) swap items on a list
proc lswap () { local a,b
    if ($2<$3) {a=$2 b=$3} else {a=$3 b=$2}
    $o1.insrt(a,$o1.object(b))
    $o1.remove(b+1)
    $o1.insrt(b+1,$o1.object(a+1))
    $o1.remove(a+1)
  }

//** proc shl() show a list
proc shl () { 
    if (numarg()==1) tmpobj=$o1 else tmpobj=tmplist 
    if (tmpobj.count==0) return
    if (isstring(tmpobj.object(0),tstr)) {
        for ltr(XO,tmpobj) print XO.s
      } else for ltr(XO,tmpobj) print XO
  }

//** lfu() = ltr follow-up, pick out a single item from the last ltr request
// lfu(list,num[,obj])
proc lfu () { 
    if (numarg()==1) { 
        if (argtype(1)==0) XO=tmpobj.object($1)
        if (argtype(1)==1) tmpobj=$o1
      }
    if (numarg()==2) {
        if (argtype(1)==1 && argtype(2)==0) {tmpobj=$o1 XO=$o1.object($2)}
        if (argtype(1)==0 && argtype(2)==1) {$o2=tmpobj.object($1)}
      }
    if (numarg()==3) {
        if (argtype(1)==1 && argtype(2)==0 && argtype(3)==1) { tmpobj=$o1 $o3=$o1.object($2) }
      }
    if (numarg()==4) {
        $o2=tmpobj.object($1)  $o4=tmpobj.object($3) 
      }
  }

//** listedit() allows you to remove things by clicking
proc listedit () {
    if (numarg()==0) { print "listedit(list,str) gives browser(list,str) for removing items" return}
    if (numarg()==1) {
      if (! isstring($o1.object(0),temp_string_)) {print "Give name for string of object?" return }
        sprint(temp_string_,"proc ledt1 () {sprint(temp_string_,%s,hoc_ac_,%s.object(hoc_ac_).%s)}","\"%d:%s\"",$o1,"s")
      } else {
        sprint(temp_string_,"proc ledt1 () {sprint(temp_string_,%s,hoc_ac_,%s.object(hoc_ac_).%s)}","\"%d:%s\"",$o1,$s2)
      }
    execute1(temp_string_)
    $o1.browser("Double click to remove",temp_string_,"ledt1()")
    sprint(temp_string_,"%s.remove(hoc_ac_)",$o1)
    $o1.accept_action(temp_string_)
  }

//** crac() create and access
proc crac () {
    execute("create acell_home_")
    execute("access acell_home_")
  }

//** listXO() connects stuff to XO from a list
proc listXO () {
    if (numarg()==1) {
        $o1.browser("Double click")
        sprint(temp_string_,"print hoc_ac_,\":XO -> \",%s.object(hoc_ac_) XO = %s.object(hoc_ac_)",$o1,$o1)
        $o1.accept_action(temp_string_)
      } else if (numarg()==2) {
        $o1.browser($s2)
        sprint(temp_string_,"XO = %s.object(hoc_ac_) print %s.object(hoc_ac_).%s",$o1,$o1,$s2)
        $o1.accept_action(temp_string_)
      } else if (numarg()==3) {
        $o1.browser($s2)
        sprint(temp_string_,"XO = %s.object(hoc_ac_) print %s.object(hoc_ac_).%s,%s.object(hoc_ac_).%s",$o1,$o1,$s2,$o1,$s3)
        $o1.accept_action(temp_string_)
      }
  }

//** lcatstr(list,s1,s2,...) make new List("s1") new List("s2") ... in one list
proc lcatstr() { local i
    if (numarg()<3) { print "lcatstr(l1,s1,s2,...) puts new Lists into l1" return }
    $o1 = new List($s2)
    for i=3,numarg() {
        tmplist2 = new List($si)
        for ltr(XO,tmplist2) { $o1.append(XO) }  
      }
  }

//** sublist() places a sublist in LIST0 from LIST1 index BEGIN to END inclusive
proc sublist () { local ii
    $o1.remove_all
    for ii=$3,$4 {
        $o1.append($o2.object(ii))
      }
  }

//* catlist() concats LIST2...LISTN on end of LIST1
proc catlist () { local i
    for i = 2, numarg() {
        for ltr(YO,$oi) {
            $o1.append(YO)
          }
      }
  }  

//* mechlist() creates a LIST of all this CELL type's TEMPLATE type
// list, cell, template
// make a list of mechanisms belonging to a certain template
proc mechlist () { local num,ii
  //  mchnms = ""  // not a good storage since runs out of room
    if (numarg()==0) { print "mechlist(list, cell, template)" return}
    $o1 = new List($s2)
    num = $o1.count
    for ii=0,num-1 {
        sprint(temp_string_,"%s.append(%s.%s)",$o1,$o1.object(ii),$s3)
        execute(temp_string_)
        sprint(mchnms,"%s/%d/%s.%s",mchnms,ii,$o1.object(ii),$s3)
      }
    for (ii=num-1;ii>=0;ii=ii-1) { $o1.remove(ii) }
  }

//* lp() loop through a list running command in object's context
// assumes list in tmplist
// with 1 args run $o1.object().obj_elem
// with 2 args run comm($o1.object().obj_elem)
proc lp () {
    for ii=0,tmplist.count-1 {
        printf("%s ",tmplist.object(ii))
        if (numarg()==2) {
            sprint(temp_string_,"%s(%s.%s)",$s2,tmplist.object(ii),$s1)
          } else {
            sprint(temp_string_,"%s.%s",tmplist.object(ii),$s1)
          }
        execute(temp_string_)
      }
  }

//* prlp() loop through a list printing object name and result of command
proc prlp () {
    tmpobj=tmplist
    if (numarg()>0) if (argtype(1)==1) tmpobj=$o1
    for ltr(XO,tmpobj) {
        printf("%d %s ",i1,XO)
        if (numarg()>1) {
            sprint(temp_string_,"print %s.%s",XO,$s2)
            execute(temp_string_)
          } else { print "" }
      }
  }

//* String functions
//** repl_str(str,stra,strb): replace stra with strb in string
// will only replace first string match
proc repl_str() { localobj scr
    scr=new String()
    if (sfunc.head($s1,$s2,scr.s) == -1) { print $s2," not in ",$s1  return }
    sfunc.tail($s1,$s2,scr.s)
    sprint(scr.s,"%s%s",$s3,scr.s)
    sfunc.head($s1,$s2,$s1)
    sprint($s1,"%s%s",$s1,scr.s)
  }

//** find_str(str,left,right,dest): pull out dest flanked by left and right
proc find_str() {
    if (sfunc.tail($s1,$s2,$s4) == -1) { print $s2," not in ",$s1  return }
    sfunc.head($s4,$s3,$s4)
  }

//** find_num(str,left,right): pull out number flanked by left and right
func find_num() { local x localobj st
    st=new String()
    if (sfunc.tail($s1,$s2,st.s) == -1) { print $s2," not in ",$s1  return }
    sfunc.head(st.s,$s3,st.s)
    sscanf(st.s,"%g",&x)
    return x
  }

//** repl_mstr(str,stra,strb): replace stra with strb in string
// multiple replace
proc repl_mstr () { localobj scr
    scr=new String()
    while (sfunc.head($s1,$s2,scr.s) != -1) {
        sfunc.tail($s1,$s2,scr.s)
        sprint(scr.s,"%s%s",$s3,scr.s)
        sfunc.head($s1,$s2,$s1)
        sprint($s1,"%s%s",$s1,scr.s)
      }
  }

//** extract(str,stra,strb[,dest]): pull out piece of string surrounded by stra,strb
obfunc str_extract() { local b,e,err localobj scr
    scr=new String2() err=0
    b=sfunc.tail($s1,$s2,scr.s) // scr.s contains after s2
    if (b==-1){printf("%s not found in %s\n",$s2,$s1) err=1}
    e=sfunc.head(scr.s,$s3,scr.t) // beg of s3
    if (e==-1){printf("%s not found in %s\n",$s3,scr.s) err=1}
    if (err) scr.s="" else sfunc.left(scr.s,e)
    if (numarg()==4) $s4=scr.s
    return scr
  }

//** clean_str(str,scratch,s1,s2,s3,...)
// remove serial $si from string
proc clean_str () { local i
    for i=3,numarg() {
        while (sfunc.head($s1,$si,$s2) != -1) { 
            sfunc.tail($s1,$si,$s2)
            sfunc.head($s1,$si,$s1)
            sprint($s1,"%s%s",$s1,$s2)      
          }
      }
  }

//** aaaa() (or $o2) becomes a list of strings from file $s1
proc aaaa () { local flag
    if (numarg()==2) { tmpfile.ropen($s1) aa=$o2 flag=0
      } else if (numarg()==1) { tmpfile.ropen($s1) flag=1
      } else { tmpfile.ropen("aa") flag=1 }
    if (flag==1) if (isobj(aa,"List")) { aa.remove_all() } else { aa=new List() }
    while (tmpfile.gets(temp_string_)>0) {
        chop(temp_string_)
        tmpobj=new String(temp_string_)
        aa.append(tmpobj)
      }
    tmpobj=nil
  }

//* Object identification
//** objid() find information about object -- replaces var2obj, canobj, objnum
obfunc objid () { local flag localobj xo
    xo=new Union()
    if (argtype(1)==1) sprint(xo.s,"tmpobj=%s",$o1) else sprint(xo.s,"tmpobj=%s",$s1)
    execute(xo.s) // change variable name to object name
    xo.o=tmpobj
    sprint(xo.s,"%s",xo.o)
    sscanf(xo.s,"%*[^[][%d]",&xo.x)
    return xo
  }

//** var2obj() and canobj() -- find true object names
// var2obj("tstr"[,"objvar"]) replaces variable name with actual name of the object
// default into XO; optional second arg allows to place somewhere else
// eg tstr="TC[0].ampa" var2obj(tstr) -> AMPA[0]
proc var2obj () { local flag
    if (numarg()==1) flag=1 else flag=0
    if (flag) sprint($s1,"XO=%s",$s1) else sprint($s1,"%s=%s",$s2,$s1)
    execute($s1) // change variable name to object name
    if (flag) sprint($s1,"%s",XO) else sprint($s1,"%s",$s2)
    printf("var2obj() PLEASE REPLACE WITH objid()\n") 
  }

//** objnum(OBJ) -- find object number
func objnum () { local x localobj st
    st=new String()
    if (argtype(1)==1) sprint(st.s,"%s",$o1) else st.s=$s1
    if (sscanf(st.s,"%*[^[][%d]",&x) != 1) x=-1
    return x
  }

proc allobjs () {
    hoc_stdout($s1)
    allobjects()
    hoc_stdout()
  }

//** strnum(str,"PRE") -- pull number out of a string
func strnum () { local x localobj st
    st=new String2($s1)
    sfunc.tail(st.s,$s2,st.t)
    if (sscanf(st.t,"%d",&x) != 1) x=-99e99
    return x
  }

//** canobj(obj[,"OBJVAR"]) -- default will assign to XO
// canonical object -- return canonical identity for an object
// eg canobj(tc,"YO") -- figure out what tc is and assign it to YO
proc canobj () { local flag
    if (numarg()==1) flag=1 else flag=0
    if (flag) sprint(tstr,"XO=%s",$o1) else sprint(tstr,"%s=%s",$s2,$o1)
    execute(tstr) // change variable name to object name
    sprint(tstr,"%s",$o1)
    printf("canobj() PLEASE REPLACE WITH objid()\n") 
  }

//* push() and pop() for objects -- returns
proc push () { local i
    for i=2,numarg() $o1.append($oi)
  }

//** pop()
obfunc pop () { local i,cnt localobj o
    cnt=$o1.count-1
    if (cnt==-1) { print "ERR: unable to pop" return } 
    o=$o1.object(cnt)
    $o1.remove(cnt)
    return o
  }

//* time()
strdef tmstr
tmstr="run()"
func time () { local tti,uintmax,cps
    uintmax=4294967295 // UINT_MAX/CLOCKS_PER_SEC
    cps=1e6 // CLOCKS_PER_SEC
    tti=prtime()
    system("date")
    if (numarg()==1) execute1($s1) else execute1(tmstr)
    tti=prtime()-tti
    if (tti<0) tti+=uintmax
    if (tti<cps) {           print tti/1e3,       "kilocycles" 
      } else if (tti<60*cps) { print tti/cps,   "s" 
      } else                   print tti/cps/60,"m"
    system("date")
    return tti/1e3
  }

func ftime () { local tti
    prtime()
    if (numarg()==1) execute($s1) else execute(tmstr)
    tti=prtime()
    return tti
  }

proc setdate () {
    system("date +%y%b%d",datestr)
    chop(datestr)
    downcase(datestr)
  }

proc sortlist () { local a,err,ii,x,rev,na localobj v1,v2,xo,nl,il
    il=$o1
    err=rev=0
    na=numarg()
    for ii=2,3 if (na>=ii) if (argtype(ii)==0) rev=1
    a=allocvecs(v1,v2,il.count)
    nl=new List()
    if (!name_declared("oform")) err=1
    if (!err) if (oform(v1)==NOP) err=1
    if (err) {printf("sortlist uses oform()\n") error()}
    for ltr(xo,il) v1.append(oform(xo))
    v1.sortindex(v2)
    if (rev) v2.reverse
    for ii=0,v2.size-1 nl.append(il.o(v2.x[ii]))
    if ((na==2 && !rev) || na==3) $o2=nl else {
        il.remove_all
        for ltr(xo,nl) il.append(xo)
      }
    dealloc(a)
  }

func assoc () { local i,ty,ii localobj xo
    // object_push(xo) ty=name_declared("s",1) object_pop() // strdef:4, dbl:5
    for ltr(xo,$o2,&ii) {
        if (argtype(1)==2) {
            if (strcmp(xo.s,$s1)==0) break
          } else if (argtype(1)==0) {
            if (xo.x==$1) break
          }
      }
    if ($o2.count==ii) return -1 else return ii
  }

// assoco() like assoc but returns the object instead of the index
obfunc assoco () { local i,ty,ii localobj xo
    // object_push(xo) ty=name_declared("s",1) object_pop() // strdef:4, dbl:5
    for ltr(xo,$o2,&ii) {
        if (argtype(1)==2) {
            if (strcmp(xo.s,$s1)==0) break
          } else if (argtype(1)==0) {
            if (xo.x==$1) break
          }
      }
    if ($o2.count==ii) return nil else return xo
  }

// excu() does the associative search and executes the resultant string 
// eg excu("key",list) excu("key",list,"arg1"[,"arg2","arg3"...]) 
func excu () { local i,ty,ii localobj xo,o,st
    o=$o2
    // object_push(xo) ty=name_declared("s",1) object_pop() // strdef:4, dbl:5
    for ltr(xo,o,&ii) {
        if (argtype(1)==2) {
            if (strcmp(xo.s,$s1)==0) break
          } else if (argtype(1)==0) {
            if (xo.x==$1) break
          }
      }
    if (o.count!=ii) {
        if (sfunc.len(xo.t)==0) return 0 // empty string
        st=strcat(st,"hoc_ac_=",xo.t,"(")
        if (numarg()>2) { 
            for i=3,numarg() {
                if (argtype(i)==2) { sprint(st.s,"%s%s,",st.s,$si)
                  } else if (argtype(i)==0) { sprint(st.s,"%s%g,",st.s,$i)
                  } else if (argtype(i)==1) { sprint(st.s,"%s%s,",st.s,$oi) }
              }
            chop(st.s)
          }
        strcat(st,")")
        execute(st.s)    // print st.s
        return hoc_ac_
      } else return 0
  }

// LAR: list_array is list used as an array
begintemplate LAR
public l,set,x,size,nil,resize,get,lt
objref l,nil
double size[1]

proc init () { local ii
    size=$1
    l=new List()
    for ii=0,size-1 l.append(l) // place holder
  }

func set () { local ix
    ix=$1
    if (ix>=size) {printf("LAR set OOR %d>=%d\n",ix,size) return -1}
    l.remove(ix) l.insrt(ix,$o2) 
    return ix
  }

obfunc x ()   { if (eqojt(l,l.o($1))) return nil else return l.o($1) }
obfunc get () { if (eqojt(l,l.o($1))) return nil else return l.o($1) }

proc resize () { local newsz,ii
    newsz=$1
    if (newsz<size) {
        for (ii=size-1;ii>=newsz;ii-=1) l.remove(ii)
      } else if (newsz>size) {
        for ii=size,newsz-1 l.append(l)
      }
    size=newsz
  }

iterator lt () { local ii
    for ii=0,size-1 if (!eqojt(l,l.o(ii))) { 
        $o1=l.o(ii)
        iterator_statement
      }
  }
endtemplate LAR
// END /usr/site/nrniv/local/hoc/declist.hoc
//================================================================
print "Loading decvec"

fnum=verbose=0
{symnum = 7 colnum = 10}
func cg () { return $1%(colnum-1)+1 } // skip white color
objref clrsym[colnum+1]
for ii=0,colnum { clrsym[ii]=new Union() clrsym[ii].x=ii%colnum }
// black->red->blue->green->orange->brown->violet->yellow->grey
{clrsym[0].s="white" clrsym[1].s="black" clrsym[2].s="red" clrsym[3].s="blue"
  clrsym[4].s="green" clrsym[5].s="orange" clrsym[6].s="brown" clrsym[7].s="violet" 
  clrsym[8].s="yellow" clrsym[9].s="grey"} 
clrsym[0].o=new List()
{symmax=20 symmin=2}
obfunc sg () { local ii localobj o
    ii=$1
    o=clrsym[ii%(colnum-1)+1]
    o.x=ii%(colnum-1)+1
    o.t=clrsym[0].o.o(ii%symnum).s
    o.x[1]=(3-ii)%4+1 // descending line types
    o.x[2]=(symmax-symmin-2*ii)%(symmax-symmin+1)+symmin
    o.x[3]=(4-ii)%(symmax-symmin+1)+symmin
    o.x[4]=(int((ii+1)/5)%2+1)*4-(ii+1)%4+1 // another line type sequence
    return o
  }

{ MSONUM=100 MSOSIZ=100 msomax=0 msoptr=0 objref mso[MSONUM] }
double x[4],y[4]
xx=0 // declare a scalar 
ind = new Vector(100)
tvec = new Vector(100)
vec = new Vector(100)
vec0 = new Vector(10)
vec1 = new Vector(10)
vrtmp = new Vector(10)
veclist = new List()
veccollect = new List()
rdm = new Random()
rdm.MCellRan4()

if (!(xwindows && name_declared("xwindows"))) {
    xwindows=0
    objref graphItem
    strdef temp_string_, temp_string2_
  }

//* stuff that doesn't belong here
//** dired([list,]file) - put together list of files matching 'file', calls 'ls -1 file'
//   dired([list,]file,1) file name to read for list of files
//   dired([list,]file,2) clear dir first; if list isn't present assume 'dir'
func dired () { local f,i,f1 localobj st,o
    f1=f=0
    st=new String2()
    if (numarg()==0) { print "dired([list,]filename[,flag])\t\
        adds the filename to list (use wildcards) (flag:1 read file;flag:2 clear list)"
        return 0 }
    if (argtype(1)==2) {o=dir st.s=$s1 i=2} else {o=$o1 st.s=$s2 i=3}
    while (i<=numarg()) { 
        if (argtype(i)==2) st.t=$si else f=$i
        i+=1
      }
    if (f==2) o.remove_all
    if (f==1) {
        tmpfile.ropen(st.s) 
      } else { // f!=1
        rmxtmp()
        if (strm(st.s,"[*?]")) f1=0 else f1=1 // is this a wildcard or a directory
        if (f1) {  
            if (sfunc.len(st.t)>0) {
                sprint(st.t,"find %s -name %s >> %s",st.s,st.t,xtmp)
              } else  sprint(st.t,"find %s >> %s",st.s,xtmp)
          } else     sprint(st.t,"ls -1R %s >> %s",st.s,xtmp)
        system(st.t)
        tmpfile.ropen(xtmp)
      }
    while (tmpfile.scanstr(st.t) != -1) {
        if (f1) { // a directory
            if ((x=ftype(st.t))!=2) {print "Ignoring ",st.t,x  continue}
          }
        o.append(new String(st.t))
        tmpfile.gets(st.t)  // get rid of the rest of the line
      }
    printf("%d files in dir\n",o.count)
    return o.count
  }

// lsdir([dir])
proc lsdir () { 
    if (numarg()==1) {
        for ltr($o1) {sprint(tstr,"ls -l %s",XO.s) system(tstr)}
      } else for ltr(dir) {sprint(tstr,"ls -l %s",XO.s) system(tstr)}
  }

//** lbrw(list,action) is used to put up a browser
// note action given without '()'
proc lbrw () {
    $o1.browser($s2,"s")
    sprint($s2,"%s()",$s2)
    $o1.accept_action($s2)
  }

//** l2v(S1,S2) makes a list(S1) and puts all the XO.S2 into vec
// eg l2v("IClamp","amp")
proc l2v () {
    tmpobj=new List($s1)
    if (numarg()==3) YO=$o3 else YO=vec
    YO.resize(tmpobj.count) YO.resize(0)
    for ltr(tmpobj) {
        sprint(tstr,"YO.append(%s.%s)",XO,$s2)
        execute(tstr)
      }
  }

//* vector iterator vtr
// for vtr(vec) { print x }
// for vtr(&x, vec) { print x }
// for vtr(&x, vec, &y) { print x,y }
// for vtr(&x, vec, max_ind) { print x }
// for vtr(&x, vec, min_ind, max_ind) { print x }
// for vtr(&x, vec, &y, min_ind, max_ind) { print x,y }
iterator vtr () { local i,j,pf,cf,b,e localobj o
    cf=pf=0
    if (argtype(1)==1) { // 1st arg a vector or the pointer
        o=$o1 i=2
      } else if (argtype(1)==3) {
        pf=1 o=$o2 i=3 // pointer alway in position 1
      } 
    b=0 e=o.size-1 // default: do whole vec
    // now can take counter or limits
    if (argtype(i)==3) {cf=i i+=1} // cf gives counter location
    if (argtype(i)==0) {
        if (argtype(i+1)==0) {b=$i i+=1 e=$i} else e=$i
      }
    if (!cf) i1=0 else {i=cf $&i=0} // default counter
    for j=b,e {
        if (pf) $&1=o.x[j] else x=o.x[j]  
        iterator_statement 
        if (cf) $&i+=1 else i1+=1
      }
  }

//* vector iterator vtr2, treat two vectors as pairs
// usage 'for vtr2(&x, &y, vec1, vec2) { print x,y }'
iterator vtr2 () { local i,pairwise,noi1
    noi1=pairwise=0
    if (numarg()==3) { pairwise=1 i1=0 }
    if (numarg()==4) if (argtype(4)==3) { pairwise=1 $&4=0 noi1=1}
    if (pairwise) if ($o3.size%2!=0) { print "vtr2 ERROR: vec not even sized." return }
    if (! pairwise) {
        if ($o3.size != $o4.size) { print "vtr2 ERROR: sizes differ." return }
        if (numarg()==5) {$&5=0 noi1=1} else {i1 = 0}
      }
    for i = 0,$o3.size()-1 {
        $&1 = $o3.x[i]
        if (pairwise) $&2=$o3.x[i+=1] else $&2=$o4.x[i]
        iterator_statement
        if (noi1) { if (pairwise) $&4+=1 else $&5+=1 } else i1+=1
      }
  }

//** viconv(TARG,OLD_INDS,NEW_INDS)
proc viconv () { local a,b
    if (numarg()==0) { printf("viconv(TARG,OLD_INDS,NEW_INDS)\n") return }
    a=b=allocvecs(2) b+=1
    if ($o2.size!=$o3.size) {printf("OLD_INDS %d != NEW_INDS %d\n",$o2.size,$o3.size) return}
    mso[b].resize($o1.size)
    for vtr2(&x,&y,$o2,$o3) { // x -> y
        mso[a].indvwhere($o1,"==",x)
        mso[b].indset(mso[a],y)
      }
    $o1.copy(mso[b])
    dealloc(a)
  }

//* iterator lvtr, step through a list and a vector together
// usage 'for lvtr(XO, &x, list, vec) { print XO,x }'
iterator lvtr () { local i
    if ($o3.count <  $o4.size) { printf("lvtr ERROR: vecsize > listsize: list %d,vec %d.\n",$o3.count,$o4.size) return }
    if ($o3.count != $o4.size) { printf("lvtr WARNING: sizes differ: list %d,vec %d.\n",$o3.count,$o4.size) }
    if (numarg()==5) {$&5=0} else {i1 = 0}
    for i = 0, $o4.size()-1 {
        $o1 = $o3.object(i)
        $&2 = $o4.x[i]
        iterator_statement
        if (numarg()==5) { $&5+=1 } else { i1+=1 }
      }
  }

//* other iterators: case, scase, ocase
iterator case () { local i,j,max,flag
    if (argtype(numarg())==3) {flag=1 max=numarg()-1} else {flag=0 max=numarg()}
    if (flag) {i=max+1 $&i=0} else i1 = 0
    for i = 2, max {
        $&1 = $i
        iterator_statement
        if (flag) {j=i i=max+1 $&i+=1 i=j} else i1+=1
      }
  }

iterator scase () { local i,j,min,max,flag
    if (argtype(numarg())==3) {flag=1 max=numarg()-1} else {flag=0 max=numarg()}
    if (flag) {i=max+1 $&i=0} else i1=0
    if (argtype(1)==1) {
        if (! isobj($o1,"String")) $o1=new String() // will accept String or String2
        min=2 
      } else min=1
    for i = min,max {
        if (min==1) temp_string_=$si else $o1.s=$si
        iterator_statement
        if (flag) {j=i i=max+1 $&i+=1 i=j} else i1+=1
      }
  }

// eg for scase2("a","b","c","d","e","f") print tmpobj.s,tmpobj.t
iterator scase2 () { local i,min,flag,na,newstr localobj o
    flag=i1=0 newstr=min=1 
    na=numarg()
    if (argtype(na)==0) {i=na newstr=$i na-=1}
    if (argtype(1)==1) {flag=1 min=2}
    for i=min,na {
        if (i==min || newstr) o=new String2()
        o.s=$si i+=1  o.t=$si
        if (flag) $o1=o else tmpobj=o
        iterator_statement
        i1+=1
      }
  }

iterator ocase () { local i
    i1 = 0
    if (isassigned($o1)) {
        for i = 1, numarg() {
            XO = $oi
            iterator_statement
            i1+=1
          }
        XO=nil
     } else {
        for i = 2, numarg() {
            $o1 = $oi
            iterator_statement
            i1+=1
          }
      }
    XO=nil
  }

//* strm(STR,REGEXP) == regexp string match 
func strm () { return sfunc.head($s1,$s2,"")!=-1 }
func strc () { return strcmp($s1,$s2)==0 }

//** count_substr(str,sub): count occurences of substring in str
func count_substr () { local cnt
    cnt = 0
    while (sfunc.tail($s1,$s2,$s1) != -1) { cnt += 1}
    return cnt
  }

//* nind(targ,data,ind) fill the target vector with data NOT index by ind (opposite of v.index)
proc nind () { 
    if (! eqobj($o1,$o2)) $o1.copy($o2)
    $o1.indset($o3,-1e20)
    $o1.where($o1,">",-1e20)
  }

//* vlk(vec)
// vlk(vec,max)
// vlk(vec,min,max)
// vlk(vec,min,max,"INDEX") -- give index of each entry
// prints out a segment of a vector
vlk_width=80
proc vlkomitoff () { execute1("func vlkomit () {return NOP}") }
proc vlkomit0(){execute1("func vlkomit(){if(vcnt($o1,0)==$o1.size) return 1 else return 0}")}
vlkomitoff()
proc vlk () { local ii,i,j,ami,min,max,wdh,nl,na,width,tablen,omfl,ixfl localobj st,v1,vi
    st=new String2()  v1=new Vector(numarg()) vi=new Vector()
    nl=1 wdh=vlk_width j=0 omfl=ixfl=0 ami=2
    na=numarg() min=0 max=$o1.size-1
    if (vlkomit(v1)!=NOP) omfl=1 // omfl to omit printing some
    if (argtype(na)==2) {i=na 
        if (strm($si,"I")) {ixfl=1 vrsz($o1,vi) vi.indgen ami=1}
        na-=1
      }
    if (argtype(na)==0) {i=na 
        if ($i<0) min=$i else max=$i 
        na-=1
      }
    if (argtype(na)==0) {i=na min=$i na-=1}
    if (max<0) max+=$o1.size
    if (min<0) min+=$o1.size
    if (max>$o1.size-1) { max=$o1.size-1 printf("vlk: max beyond $o1 size\n") }
    sprint(st.t,"%%s:%s",dblform)
    width=0
    if (strm(tabform,"\t")) tablen=6 else if (strm(tabform,"\n")) tablen=-1e5 else {
        tablen=sfunc.len(tabform) }
    for ii=min,max { 
        if (omfl) { v1.resize(0)
            for i=1,na v1.append($oi.x[ii])
            if (vlkomit(v1)) continue
          }
        if (ixfl) sprint(st.s,dblform,vi.x[ii]) else sprint(st.s,dblform,$o1.x[ii])
        for i=ami,na sprint(st.s,st.t,st.s,$oi.x[ii]) 
        width+=(sfunc.len(st.s)+tablen)
        if (width>vlk_width && nl) {printf("\n") width=0}
        printf("%s%s",st.s,tabform)
      }
    if (nl) print ""
  }

//** vlkp(SRC,PVEC) uses indices in PVEC to print out values in SRC
proc vlkp () { local i,j,wdh
    j=0 nl=1 wdh=vlk_width
    if (numarg()==2) {
        for vtr(&x,$o1) {
            printf("%g%s",$o2.x[x],tabform)
            if ((j=j+1)%vlk_width==0 && nl && strcmp(tabform," ")==0) { print "" }
          }
      } else {
        for vtr(&x,$o1) { for i=2,numarg() printf("%g%s",$oi.x[x],tabform) 
            print "" }
      }
    if (nl) print ""
  }

//* vprf() prints 1,2 or 3 vectors in parallel to output file
proc vprf () { local x2
    if (! tmpfile.isopen()) {
        print "Writing to temp file 'temp'"
        tmpfile.wopen("temp")
      }
    if (numarg()==1) { 
        for vtr(&x,$o1) { tmpfile.printf("%g\n",x) }
      } else if (numarg()==2) { 
        for vtr2(&x,&y,$o1,$o2) { tmpfile.printf("%g %g\n",x,y) }
      } else if (numarg()==3) { 
        for vtr2(&x,&y,$o1,$o2,&ii) { x2=$o3.x[ii] tmpfile.printf("%g %g %g\n",x,y,x2) }
      }
    tmpfile.close
  }

//* vpr() prints 1,2 or 3 vectors in parallel to STDOUT
proc vpr () { local x2
    if (numarg()==1) { 
        for vtr(&x,$o1) { printf("%g",x) }
      } else if (numarg()==2) { 
        for vtr2(&x,&y,$o1,$o2) { printf("%g:%g ",x,y) }
      } else if (numarg()==3) { 
        for vtr2(&x,&y,$o1,$o2,&ii) { x2=$o3.x[ii] printf("%g:%g:%g ",x,y,x2) }
      }
    print ""
  }

//* readvec(vec) read from line
proc readvec () { 
    $o1.resize(0)
    while (read(xx)) $o1.append(xx)
    vlk($o1)
  }
  
//* popvec(), savenums, readnums, vecsprint, savevec, savestr
//  vrsz(), vcp(), zvec(), resize, copy, empty
proc pushvec () { local i // same as .append, retained for compatability
    for i=2, numarg() $o1.append($i)
  }

//** insvec(VEC,IND,VAL1[,VAL2,...]) insert values into the vector
proc insvec () { local ix,i,a // insert values into a vector
    a=allocvecs(1)  ix=$2
    for i=3, numarg() mso[a].append($i)
    $o1.insrt(ix,mso[a])
    dealloc(a)
  }

//** revec() clear vector then append
proc revec () { local i,x localobj o,st // clear vector then append
    if (! isobj($o1,"Vector")) $o1=new Vector(100)
    if (argtype(2)==2) {
        o=$o1 o.resize(0)
        st=new String2($s2)
        if (strm(st.s,",")) { // use split
            split(st.s,o)
          } else if (strm(st.s," ")) {
            split(st.s,o," ")
          } else while (sfunc.len(st.s)>0) { // assume binary vector, could generalize for hex and base64
            sscanf(st.s,"%1d",&x)
            o.append(x)
            sfunc.tail(st.s, ".", st.t)
            st.s=st.t
          }
      } else for (i=1;i<=numarg();i+=1) { 
        ty=argtype(i)
        if (ty==1) {        o=$oi o.resize(0)
          } else if (ty==0) { o.append($i)
          } else if (ty==3) { o.append($&i) }
      }
  }

//** unvec(VEC,&a,&b,...) put values from vector back into doubles (via pointers)
proc unvec () { local i
    if ($o1.size!=numarg()-1) { printf("unvec WARNING resizing %s to %d\n",$o1,numarg()-1) 
        $o1.resize(numarg()-1) }
    for i=2,numarg() $&i=$o1.x[i-2] 
  }

//** wevec(VEC,wt0,wt1,...) returned weighted sum
func wevec () { local i,sum
    if ($o1.size!=numarg()-1) { printf("wevec SIZE ERR %d %d\n",$o1.size,numarg()-1) return }
    sum=0
    for i=2,numarg() sum+=$o1.x[i-2]*$i
    return sum
  }

//** vrsz(VEC or NUM,VEC1,VEC2...,VECn or NUM)  -- vector resize -- to size of first arg
// optional final number is fill
func vrsz () { local i,sz,max,fill,flag,rsz0
    max=numarg()
    flag=rsz0=0
    if (argtype(1)==1) { 
        if (isobj($o1,"Vector")) sz=$o1.size else if (isobj($o1,"List")) sz=$o1.count
      } else sz=$1
    if (argtype(max)==0) {i=max max-=1 fill=$i flag=1}
    if (argtype(max)==2) {max-=1 rsz0=1} // string means resize(0)
    if (sz<0) sz+=$o2.size // reduce size
    if (sz<0) {printf("vrsz ERR: can't resize %s to %d\n",$o2,sz) return sz}
    for i=2, max { 
        $oi.resize(sz)  
        if (rsz0) $oi.resize(0) else if (flag) $oi.fill(fill) 
      }
    return sz
  }

//** vcp() -- copy vector segment with resizing
proc vcp () { local i,sz
    $o1.resize($4-$3+1) $o1.copy($o2,$3,$4)
  }

//** veccut(VEC,min,max) just keep a piece of the vector
// veccut(VEC,min,max,tstep) generate indices from times using tstep
proc veccut () { local a localobj v1
    a=allocvecs(v1)
    if (numarg()==4) { min=round($2/$4) max=round($3/$4)
      } else { min=$2 max=$3 }
    v1.copy($o1,min,max) 
    $o1.copy(v1) 
    dealloc(a)
  }

//** zvec()
proc zvec () { local i // make vectors zero size
    for i=1, numarg() $oi.resize(0)
  }

//* save and read series
//** savenums(x[,y,...]) save numbers to tmpfile via a vector
proc savenums () { local i,vv
    vv=allocvecs(1)
    for i=1, numarg() mso[vv].append($i)
    mso[vv].vwrite(tmpfile)
    dealloc(vv)
  }

//** savedbls(&x,sz) save a double array of size sz
proc savedbls () { local vv,i
    vv=allocvecs(1)
    mso[vv].from_double($2,&$&1)
    mso[vv].vwrite(tmpfile)
    dealloc(vv)
  }

//** readnums(&x[,&y...]) recover nums from tmpfile via a vector
func readnums () { local vv,i,cnt
    vv=allocvecs(1) cnt=0
    if (mso[vv].vread(tmpfile)) {
        if (numarg()!=mso[vv].size) {
            printf("readnums WARNING: args=%d;vec.size=%d\n",numarg(),mso[vv].size)
            if (numarg()>mso[vv].size) { 
                for i=1,mso[vv].size $&i = mso[vv].x[i-1]        
                cnt=mso[vv].size
              }
          }
        if (cnt==0) {
            for i=1,numarg() $&i = mso[vv].x[i-1]
            cnt=numarg()
          }
      } else cnt=-1
    dealloc(vv)
    return cnt
  }

//** readdbls(&x,sz) read a double array of size sz
func readdbls () { local vv,i,flag
    vv=allocvecs(1) flag=1
    if (mso[vv].vread(tmpfile)) {
        mso[vv].v2d(&$&1)   // seg error risk
      } else flag=0
    dealloc(vv)
    return flag
  }

//** wrvstr(str) save string to a file by converting to ascii
proc wrvstr () { local vv,i
    vv=allocvecs(1)
    str2v($s1,mso[vv])
    mso[vv].vwrite(tmpfile,1)
    dealloc(vv)
  }

//** rdvstr(str) read string from a file via vread and conversion
func rdvstr () { local vv,i,flag
    flag=1
    vv=allocvecs(1)
    if (mso[vv].vread(tmpfile)) {
        if (numarg()==1) v2str(mso[vv],$s1) else v2str(mso[vv],tstr)
      } else flag=0
    dealloc(vv)
    return flag
  }

//** str2v()
proc str2v () { localobj lo
    lo=new String()
    $o2.resize(0)
    lo.s=$s1
    while (sfunc.len(lo.s)>0) {
        sscanf(lo.s,"%c%*s",&x)
        sfunc.right(lo.s,1)
        $o2.append(x)
      }
  }
    
//** v2str() translates from vector to string
proc v2str () { local ii,x
    $s2=""
    round($o1)
    for ii=0,$o1.size-1 { x=$o1.x[ii] sprint($s2,"%s%c",$s2,x) }
  }

//* popvec() remove last entry
func popvec () { local sz, ret
    sz = $o1.size-1
    if (sz<0) return 1e9
    ret = $o1.x[sz]
    $o1.resize[sz]
    return ret
  }

//* chkvec (look at last entry)
func chkvec () { if ($o1.size>0) return $o1.x[$o1.size-1] else return -1e10 }

// vecsprint(strdef,vec)
proc vecsprint () { local ii
    if ($o2.size>100) { return }
    for ii=0,$o2.size-1 { sprint($s1,"%s %g ",$s1,$o2.x[ii]) }
  }

// savevec([list,]vec1[,vec2,...]) add vector onto veclist or other list if given as 1st arg
// don't throw out vectors
func savevec () { local i,flag,beg localobj v1
    if (numarg()==0) { savevec(hoc_obj_[0],hoc_obj_[1]) return }
    if (isobj($o1,"List")) beg=2 else beg=1
    for i=beg, numarg() { 
        if (veccollect.count>0) { // grab a vector from garbage collection
            v1=veccollect.object(veccollect.count-1)
            veccollect.remove(veccollect.count-1)
          } else v1 = new Vector($oi.size)
        v1.copy($oi)
        if (beg==2) $o1.append(v1) else veclist.append(v1)
      }
    if (beg==2) return $o1.count-1 else return veclist.count-1
  }

// prveclist(filename[,list])
proc prveclist () { localobj xo
    if (!batch_flag && tmpfile.ropen($s1)) {
        printf("%s exists; save anyway? (y/n) ",$s1)
        getstr(temp_string_) chop(temp_string_)
        if (strcmp(temp_string_,"y")!=0) return
      }
    if (! tmpfile.wopen($s1)) { print "Can't open ",$s1  return }
    if (numarg()==2) {
        for ltr(xo,$o2) xo.vwrite(tmpfile)
      } else {
        for ltr(xo,veclist) xo.vwrite(tmpfile)
      }
    tmpfile.close()
  }

// prvl2(filename[,list]) --- save using a more standard fwrite
proc prvl2 () { localobj xo,o
    if (!batch_flag && tmpfile.ropen($s1)) {
        printf("%s exists; save anyway? (y/n) ",$s1)
        getstr(temp_string_) chop(temp_string_)
        if (strcmp(temp_string_,"y")!=0) return
      }
    if (! tmpfile.wopen($s1)) { print "Can't open ",$s1  return }
    if (numarg()==2) o=$o2 else o=veclist
    for ltr(xo,o) {tmpfile.printf("%d\n",xo.size) xo.fwrite(tmpfile)}
    tmpfile.close()
  }

// rdveclist("FILENAME"[,list])
// rdveclist("FILENAME"[,NOERASE])
proc rdveclist () { local flag,a
    flag=0
    a=allocvecs(1)
    if (numarg()==1) { flag=1 clrveclist() } else if (argtype(2)==1) $o2.remove_all else flag=1
    if (! tmpfile.ropen($s1)) { print "Can't open ",$s1  return }
    while (mso[a].vread(tmpfile)) {
        if (flag) savevec(mso[a]) else savevec($o2,mso[a])
      }
    tmpfile.close()
    tmpobj=veclist
    dealloc(a)
  }
  
// rdvecs("FILENAME",vec1,vec2,...)
proc rdvecs () { local i
    if (! tmpfile.ropen($s1)) { print "Can't open ",$s1  return }
    for i=2,numarg() {
        if ($oi==nil) $oi=new Vector()
        if ($oi.vread(tmpfile)==0) printf("WARNING nothing to read into %s\n",$oi)
      }
    tmpfile.close()
  }
  
// svvecs("FILENAME",vec1,vec2,...)
proc svvecs () { local i
    clrveclist()
    for i=2,numarg() savevec($oi)
    prveclist($s1)
    clrveclist()
  }
  
// vpad(vec,howmany,val[,right])
proc vpad () { local a
    a=allocvecs(1)
    mso[a].resize($2) mso[a].fill($3)
    if (numarg()==4) $o1.append(mso[a]) else {
        mso[a].append($o1) $o1.copy(mso[a])     }
    dealloc(a)
  }

// vtrunc(vec,howmany[,right])
proc vtrunc () { local a
    if (numarg()==3) $o1.resize($o1.size-$2) else {
        $o1.reverse $o1.resize($o1.size-$2) $o1.reverse
      }
  }

proc rdxy () { local a
    a = allocvecs(1)
    revec(ind,vec)
    tmpfile.ropen("aa")
    mso[a].scanf(tmpfile)
    if (mso[a].size%2!=0) {print "rdxy ERR1 ",mso[a].size return}
    for vtr2(&x,&y,mso[a]) {ind.append(x) vec.append(y)}
    print ind.size," points read from aa into ind and vec"
    dealloc(a)
  }

// closest(vec,num) -- return ind for vec member closest to num
func closest () { local a,ret
    a=allocvecs(1)
    mso[a].copy($o1) mso[a].sub($2) mso[a].abs
    ret=mso[a].min_ind
    dealloc(a)
    return ret
  }

// memb(TEST#,#1,#2,...) -- true if the TEST# is in the list
func memb () { local na,i
    for i=2,numarg() if ($1==$i) return 1
    return 0
  }

proc clrveclist () { localobj o,xo
    if (numarg()==1) o=$o1 else o=veclist
    for ltr(xo,o) { xo.resize(0) veccollect.append(xo) }
    o.remove_all()
  }

// savestr(str1...) add string obj onto tmplist
proc savestr () { local i
    if (argtype(1)==1) for i=2, numarg() $o1.append(new String($si)) else {
        for i=1, numarg() tmplist.append(new String($si))
      }
  }

// redund with v.count in vecst.mod
func vcount () { local val,sum
    val=$2 sum=0
    for vtr(&x,$o1) if (x==val) sum+=1
    return sum
  }

// tvecl(inlist[,outlist]) -- transpose veclist
obfunc tvecl () { local x,cnt,sz,err,ii,p localobj xo,il,ol
    il=$o1 
    if (numarg()>1) ol=$o2
    if (!isassigned(ol)) {ol=veclist clrveclist()} else ol.remove_all
    err=0   cnt=il.count sz=il.o(0).size
    for ltr(xo,il,&x) if (xo.size!=sz) err=x
    if (err) { print "Wrong size vector is #",x return ol }
    p = allocvecs(1,cnt)  mso[p].resize(cnt)
    for ii=0,sz-1 {
        for jj=0,cnt-1 mso[p].x[jj] = il.o(jj).x[ii]
        savevec(ol,mso[p])
      }
    dealloc(p)
    return ol
  }  

//* vinsect(v1,v2,v3) -- v1 gets intersection (common members) of v2,v3
//  replaced by v.insct() in vecst.mod
proc vinsect () {
    $o1.resize(0)
    for vtr(&x,$o2) for vtr(&y,$o3) if (x==y) $o1.append(x)
  }

//* vecsplit(vec,vec1,vec2[,vec3,...])
// splits vec into other vecs given
proc vecsplit () { local num,ii,i
    num = numarg()-1 // how many
    for i=2,numarg() $oi.resize(0)
    for (ii=0;ii<$o1.size;ii+=num) {
        for i=2,numarg() if (ii+i-2<$o1.size) $oi.append($o1.x[ii+i-2])
      }
  }

//* vecsort(vec,vec1,vec2[,vec3,...])
// sorts n vecs including first vec by first one
proc vecsort () { local i,inv,scr,narg
    narg=numarg()
    if (narg<2 || narg>10) {print "Wrong #args in decvec.hoc:vecsort" return}
    scr=inv=allocvecs(2) scr+=1
    $o1.sortindex(mso[inv])
    mso[scr].resize(mso[inv].size)
    sprint(temp_string_,"%s.fewind(%s,%s,%s",mso[scr],mso[inv],$o1,$o2)
    for i=3,narg sprint(temp_string_,"%s,%s",temp_string_,$oi)
    sprint(temp_string_,"%s)",temp_string_)
    execute(temp_string_)
    dealloc(inv)
  }

//** order(&x,&y,...) put values in order
proc order () { local a,i,na
    na=numarg()
    a=allocvecs(1)
    for i=1,na mso[a].append($&i)
    mso[a].sort
    for i=1,na $&i=mso[a].x[i-1]
    dealloc(a)  
  }

//** vdelind()  -- delete a single index
proc vdelind () { local i,iin
    iin = $2
    if (iin<0) iin=$o1.size+iin
    if (iin>$o1.size-1 || iin<0) {
        printf("vdelind Error: index %d doesn't exist.\n",iin) return }
    if (iin<$o1.size-1) $o1.copy($o1,iin,iin+1,$o1.size-1)
    $o1.resize($o1.size-1)
  }

//* mkveclist(num[,sz]) recreate veclist to have NUM vecs each of size SZ (or MSOSIZ)
proc mkveclist () { local ii,num,sz,diff localobj xo
    num=$1 
    diff = num-veclist.count
    if (numarg()==2) { sz=$2 } else { sz = MSOSIZ }
    if (diff>0) {
        for ii=0,diff-1 {
          tmpvec = new Vector(sz)
          veclist.append(tmpvec)
          }
      } else if (diff<0) {
        for (ii=veclist.count-1;ii>=num;ii=ii-1) { veclist.remove(ii) }
      }
    for ltr(xo,veclist) { xo.resize(sz) }
  }

//* allocvecs
// create temp set of vectors on mso
// returns starting point on mso 
// eg p = allocvecs(3)
// p = allocvecs(v1,v2,v3) // where v1..v3 are localobj or objref
// p = allocvecs(v1,v2,v3,...,size) // set all to size
// p = allocvecs(num,list) // append num vecs to list
// p = allocvecs(num,size) // num vecs of size size
// p = allocvecs(num,size,list) // append num vecs of size to list
// p = allocvecs(num,list,size) // allow args to be given in reverse order
// access these vectors by mso[p+0] ... [p+2]
func allocvecs () { local i,ii,llen,sz,newv,aflg,lflg,na localobj o
    if (numarg()==0) { 
        print "p=allocvecs(#) or p=allocvecs(v1,v2,...), access with mso[p], mso[p+1]..." return 0 }
    sz=MSOSIZ  na=numarg()
    lflg=0
    if (argtype(1)==0) {
        aflg=0 newv=$1
        if (na>=2) if (argtype(2)==0) sz=$2 else {lflg=1 o=$o2} // append to list in arg2
        if (na>=3) if (argtype(3)==0) sz=$3 else {lflg=1 o=$o3} 
        if (lflg) o.remove_all
      } else {
        aflg=1
        if (argtype(na)==0) {
            i=na sz=$i newv=i-1
          } else newv=na 
      }
    llen = msoptr
    for ii=msomax,msoptr+newv-1 { // may need new vectors
        if (ii>=MSONUM) { print "alloc ERROR: MSONUM exceeded." return 0 }
        mso[ii] = new Vector(sz)
      }
    for ii=0,newv-1 {
        mso[msoptr].resize(sz) 
        mso[msoptr].resize(0) 
        msoptr = msoptr+1
      }
    if (msomax<msoptr) msomax = msoptr
    if (aflg) for i=1,newv $oi=mso[i-1+llen]
    if (lflg) for i=0,newv-1 o.append(mso[i+llen])
    return llen
  }

//** dealloc(start)
// remove temp set of vectors from mso
proc dealloc () { local ii,min
    if (numarg()==0) { min = 0 } else { min = $1 }
    msoptr = min
  }

//* indvwhere family
//** vwh(VEC,VAL) returns index where VEC.x[i]==VAL
func vwh () { 
    if (argtype(2)==0) return $o1.indwhere("==",$2) 
    if (numarg()==3) return $o1.indwhere($s2,$3)
    return $o1.indwhere($s2,$3,$4)
  }

//** vval(VEC,STR,NUM) uses indwhere to return first value that qualifies
func vval () {
    if (argtype(2)==0) return $o1.x[$o1.indwhere("==",$2)]
    if (numarg()==3) return $o1.x[$o1.indwhere($s2,$3)] 
    return $o1.x[$o1.indwhere($s2,$3,$4)] 
  }

//** vcnt(VEC,STR,x[,y]) uses indvwhere and returns # of values that qualify
func vcnt () { local a,ret
    a=allocvecs(1) 
    if (numarg()==2) mso[a].indvwhere($o1,"==",$2)
    if (numarg()==3) mso[a].indvwhere($o1,$s2,$3)
    if (numarg()==4) mso[a].indvwhere($o1,$s2,$3,$4)
    ret = mso[a].size
    // if ($o1.size>0) printf("%d/%d (%g)\n",ret,$o1.size,ret/$o1.size*100)
    dealloc(a)
    return ret
  }
//** civw(DEST,SRC1,STR1,x1[,y1]...) does compound indvwhere
// overwrites tstr; DEST should be size 0 unless to be compounded
// civw(DEST,0,...) will resize DEST to 0
func civw () { local i,a,b,c,f2,x,y,sz,min
    a=b=c=allocvecs(3) b+=1 c+=2
    min=2
    // if ($o1.size>0) print "Starting with previously set index vector"
    if (argtype(2)==0) {
        if ($2==0) { $o1.resize(0) min=3
            if (argtype(3)==1) sz=$o3.size else {
                printf("ERR0: arg 3 should be obj when $2==0\n",i) return -1 }
          } else {
            printf("ERR0a: arg 2 should be 0 if a number -- zero sizes ind vector\n") 
            return -1
          }
      } else if (argtype(2)==1) sz=$o2.size else {
        printf("ERR0b: arg 2 should be obj\n",i) return -1 }
    for (i=min;i<=numarg();) {
        mso[c].copy($o1) 
        if (argtype(i)!=1) { printf("ERR1: arg %d should be obj\n",i) return -1}
        if ($oi.size!=sz)  { printf("ERR1a: all vecs should be size %d\n",sz) return -1}
        mso[a].copy($oi)  i+=1   // look in a
        if (argtype(i)!=2) { printf("ERR2: arg %d should be str\n",i) return -1}
        tstr=$si          i+=1
        if (strm(tstr,"[[(]")) f2=1 else f2=0 // opstring2 needs 2 args
        if (argtype(i)!=0) { printf("ERR3: arg %d should be dbl\n",i) return -1}
        x=$i              i+=1 
        if (f2) {
            if (argtype(i)!=0) { printf("ERR4: arg %d should be dbl\n",i) return -1}
            y=$i            i+=1
          }
        if (f2) mso[b].indvwhere(mso[a],tstr,x,y) else { // the engine
                  mso[b].indvwhere(mso[a],tstr,x)   }
        $o1.resize(sz) // make sure it's big enough for insct -- shouldn't need
        if (mso[c].size>0) $o1.insct(mso[b],mso[c]) else $o1.copy(mso[b])
        if ($o1.size==0) break
      }
    dealloc(a)
    return $o1.size
  }

//* vecconcat(vec1,vec2,...)
// vecconcat(vec1,list) puts concat all vecs from list
// destructive: concatenates all vecs onto vec1
// performs a list2vec() functionality
proc vecconcat () { local i,max localobj xo
    max=numarg()
    if (numarg()<2) { 
        print "vecconcat(v1,v2,...) puts all into v1" return 
      }
    if (argtype(max)==0) {max-=1 $o1.resize(0)}
    if (isobj($o2,"List")) {
        $o1.resize(0)
        for ltr(xo,$o2) $o1.append(xo)
      } else for i=2,max $o1.append($oi)
  }
  
//** vecelim(v1,v2)  eliminates items in v1 given by index vec v2
proc vecelim () {
    for vtr(&x,$o2) { $o1.x[x]= -1e20 }
    $o1.where($o1,"!=",-1e20)
  }

//** redundout(vec) eliminates sequential redundent entries
// destructive
func redundout () { local x,ii,p1
    p1=allocvecs(1)
    $o1.sort
    mso[p1].resize($o1.size)
    mso[p1].redundout($o1)
    $o1.copy(mso[p1])
    dealloc(p1)
    return $o1.size
  }

//** uniq(src,dest[,cnt]) uses redundout to return random values of a vector
// like redundout except nondestructive
obfunc uniq () { local a localobj v1,vret
    a=allocvecs(v1)
    v1.copy($o1) v1.sort 
    if (numarg()==3) {          $o2.redundout(v1,0,$o3) 
      } else if (numarg()==2) {   $o2.redundout(v1) 
      } else {
        vret=new Vector(v1.size) vret.redundout(v1)
      }
    dealloc(a)
    if (numarg()==1) return vret else return $o2
  }

//** complement(ind,max) for indices -- return values from 0..max that are not in ind
proc complement () { local a,b,max
    a=b=allocvecs(2) b+=1
    max=$2
    mso[a].indgen(0,max,1)
    mso[b].resize(mso[a].size)
    mso[b].cull(mso[a],$o1)
    $o1.copy(mso[b])
    dealloc(a)
  }

//** albetname() generate sequential 3 char alphabetical file names (make filenames)
obfunc albetname () { local na,sret localobj st
    na=numarg() sret=0
    st=new String2()
    if (na==0) { fnum+=1 st.t=".id"
      } else if (na>=1) {
        if (argtype(1)==2) {st.t=$s1 fnum+=1} else fnum=$1
      }
    if (na==2) st.t=$s2  // partially back compatible, doesn't handle albetname(tstr,".id")
    if (na==3) {st.t=$s3 sret=1}
    if (fnum>17575) printf("albetname WARN: out of names: %d > %d\n",fnum,26^3-1)
    sprint(st.s,"%c%c%c",  fnum/26/26%26+97,fnum/26%26+97,fnum%26+97)
    if (sfunc.len(st.t)>0) sprint(st.s,"%s%s",st.s,st.t)
    if (sret) $s2=st.s 
    return st
  }

// save_idraw([filename,save_all,PS]) -- save idraw to file
// default is to generate albetname, save selected to idraw
proc save_idraw () { local sv,ps localobj st,li
    st=new String()
    find_pwm()
    ps=sv=1
    if (argtype(1)==2) {
        st.s=$s1 
        if (argtype(2)==0) sv=$2
        if (argtype(3)==0) ps=$3
      } else if (argtype(1)==0) {
        sv=$1
        if (argtype(2)==0) ps=$2  
      }
    if (sfunc.len(st.s)==0) st.s=albetname().s
    if (verbose) printf("Saving to %s\n",st.s)
    pwm.printfile(st.s, ps, sv)
  }

proc find_pwm () { localobj li
    if (isassigned(pwm)) return
    li=new List("PWManager")
    if (li.count==0) pwm=new PWManager() else pwm=li.o(0)
  }

// vecconv() convert $o1 by replacing instances in $o2 by corresponding instances in $o3
proc vecconv () { local a,b
    a=b=allocvecs(2) b+=1
    vrsz($o1,mso[b])
    for vtr2(&x,&y,$o2,$o3) { // x -> y
        mso[a].indvwhere($o1,"==",x)
        mso[b].indset(mso[a],y)
      }
    $o1.copy(mso[b])
  }

//** veceq()  like vec.eq but don't have to be same size and shows discrepency
func veceq () { local sz1,sz2,eq,beg,ii,jj,kk
    sz1=$o1.size sz2=$o2.size
    if (numarg()==3) beg=$3 else beg=0
    if (sz1!=sz2) printf("%s %d; %s %d\n",$o1,sz1,$o2,sz2)
    ii=0 jj=beg
    while (ii<sz1 && jj<sz2) {
        if ($o1.x[ii]!=$o2.x[jj]) { 
            eq=0
            printf("Differ at %d %d\n",ii,jj) 
            for kk=-10,10 if ((ii+kk)>=0 && (ii+kk)<sz1 && (jj+kk)>=0 && (jj+kk)<sz2) {
                printf("(%d)%g:(%d)%g ",(ii+kk),$o1.x[ii+kk],(jj+kk),$o2.x[jj+kk])  }
            print ""
            break 
          } else eq=1
        ii+=1 jj=ii+beg
      }
    return eq
  }

//* isstring() determine if object $o1 is of type string, if so return the string in [$s2]
func isstring () {
    sprint(tstr,"%s",$o1)
    if (sfunc.substr(tstr,"String")==0) {
        if (numarg()==2) sprint($s2,"%s",$o1.s)
        return 1
      } else {
        if (numarg()==2) sprint($s2,"%s",$o1)
        return 0
      }
  }

//** isassigned() checks whether an object is Null
if (name_declared("VECST_INSTALLED")) {
    sprint(tstr,"func isassigned () { return !isojt($o1,nil) }")
  } else {
    sprint(tstr,"func isassigned () { return !isobt($o1,nil) }")
  }
execute1(tstr)

//** declare goes through a list of scalars and assigns them if they don't already exist
// eg declare("adj",nil,"vd",nil,"vc",nil,"allcells",0,"div","d[1][1]")
func declare () { local i,nd,min,flag,ty,tye,ret localobj st,ut
    // if (argtype(1)==0) {flag=$1 min=2}
    st=new String2() ut=new String2() ret=flag=0 min=1
    ut.s="^[do]\\["  ut.t="^[A-Z][A-Za-z]+[(][^)]*[)]$" // for declaring arrays and objects
    for i=min,numarg() {
        st.s=$si     i=i+1
        ty=argtype(i)
        nd=name_declared(st.s)
        if (nd==1) { nd=0
            printf("declare WARN defining '%s' despite prior existence in symbol table\n",st.s) }
        if ((nd==5 && ty==0) || (nd==4 && ty==2) || (nd==2 && ty==1)) { // OK -- DO NOTHING
            if (i==min+1) ret=1
            printf("'%s' predeclared\n",st.s)
          } else if (nd != 0) { // different type codes from name_declared() bzw argtype()
            if ((nd==5 && ty==2) || (nd==2 && ty==2)) {
                if (strm($si,ut.s)) { 
                    if (nd==5) st.t="DOUBLE" else st.t="OBJ"
                    printf("'%s' predeclared as %s array: WARN: no check on type or dims\n",st.s,st.t)
                    continue  // declaration for a double or obj array 
                  } else  if (strm($si,ut.t)) { 
                    printf("'%s' predeclared\n",st.s)
                    continue  // declaration for an object
                  }
              }
            if (nd==5) tye=0 else if (nd==4) tye=2 else if (nd==2) tye=1 
            printf("Declared ERR %s predeclared as a %d statt %d\n",st.s,tye,ty)
          } else { // declare it
            if (ty==0) { 
                sprint(st.t,"%s=%g",st.s,$i)
              } else if (ty==1) { 
                if ($oi==nil) {  sprint(st.t,"objref %s\n%s=nil",st.s,st.s)
                  } else           sprint(st.t,"objref %s\n%s=%s", st.s,st.s,$oi)
              } else if (ty==2) { // key strings are eg d[5][5] or o[5][5] for double or obj array
                if (strm($si,ut.s)) {
                    if (strm($si,"^d")) ty=0 else ty=1
                    sfunc.tail($si,"[do]",st.t) 
                    if (ty==0) sprint(st.t,"double %s%s",st.s,st.t) else \
                               sprint(st.t,"objref %s%s",st.s,st.t) 
                  } else if (strm($si,ut.t)) {
                    sprint(st.t,"objref %s\n%s = new %s",st.s,st.s,$si) 
                  } else sprint(st.t,"strdef %s\n%s=\"%s\"",st.s,st.s,$si)
              }
            execute1(st.t)
          }
      }
    return ret
  }

//** declared goes through a list of function names and makes sure they exist
// useful to check a bunch of names before entering a template that calls them as external
proc declared () { local i,nd,min,flag
    if (argtype(1)==0) {flag=$1 min=2} else {flag=0 min=1}
    for i=min,numarg() {
        nd=name_declared($si)
        if (nd==0 || (flag==1 && nd==1)) { // declare it or clear it
            // sprint(tstr,"func %s () {printf(\"\\tEMPTY FUNCTION %s()\\n\") return 0}",$si,$si)
            sprint(tstr,"func %s () {return 0}",$si)
            execute1(tstr)
          } else if (nd!=1) { // 2=obj,3=sec,4=str,5=dbl
            printf("NAME CONFLICT: %s can't be a func since was declared as a %d\n",$si,nd)
          }
      }
  }

//** isit() like isassigned() but can take a string instead
obfunc isit () { local ret localobj sv,o,st
    o=new Union()  st=new String()
    if (argtype(1)==2) {
        sv=XO
        sprint(st.s,"XO=%s",$s1)
        execute(st.s) // XO points to the thing
        ret=isassigned(XO)
        o.x=ret
        o.s=$s1
        o.o=XO
        XO=sv
        return o
      } else return isassigned($o1)
  }

//** isob(s1,s2) like isobj but takes string statt obj
func isob () { localobj st
    st=new String()
    sprint(st.s,"XO=%s",$s1)
    execute(st.s) // XO points to the thing
    sprint(st.s,"%s",XO)
    if (sfunc.substr(st.s,$s2)==0) {
        return 1
      } else {
        return 0
      }
  }

//** eqobj(o1,o2) checks whether 2 objects are the same
func eqobj () {	return object_id($o1) == object_id($o2) }
//** ocnt(STR) counts number of objects named string
func ocnt () { local ret
    tmpobj=new List($s1) ret=tmpobj.count
    tmpobj=nil
    return ret
  }

//** isobj(o1,s2) checks whether object $o1 is of type $s2
func isobj () { localobj st
    st=new String()
    sprint(st.s,"%s",$o1)
    if (sfunc.substr(st.s,$s2)==0) {
        return 1
      } else {
        return 0
      }
  }

//** isobt(o1,o2) checks whether object $o1 is of type $o2
func isobt () { localobj s
    s=new String2()
    sprint(s.s,"%s",$o1)  sprint(s.t,"%s",$o2)
    sfunc.head(s.s,"\\[",s.s) sfunc.head(s.t,"\\[",s.t)
    if (strc(s.s,s.t)) return 1 else return 0
  }

// destructive of $s1
func str2num () { local x localobj o,st
    x=1e9
    if (sscanf($s1,"%d",&x)!=1) {
        o=new Union() st=new String()
        sprint(st.s,"%s.x=%s",o,$s1)  // o has temp existance in global namespace
        if (!execute1(st.s,0)) printf("Can't find '%s'\n",$s1)
        x=o.x
      }
    return x
  }

func isnum () { return strm($s1,"^[-+0-9.][-+0-9.eE]*$") }

// like perl chop -- removes the last character
// chop(STR[,TERM]); TERM chop only TERM
// note that no + means must repeat char eg "))*" statt ")+"
func chop () { local ln1,match localobj st
    ln1=sfunc.len($s1)  st=new String()
    if (numarg()==2) { 
        sprint($s2,"%s$",$s2) // just look for terminal character
        if ((match=sfunc.head($s1,$s2,st.s))==-1) {
            return 0 
          } else {
            sfunc.left($s1,match) 
            return match
          }
      } else if (sfunc.len($s1)>=1) {
        sfunc.left($s1,ln1-1) 
        return 1
      } else {
        print "ERR: chop called on empty string" }
      return 0
  }

// lchop(STR[,BEGIN]) -- chop from the left
func lchop () { local ln1,match localobj st
    ln1=sfunc.len($s1)  st=new String()
    if (numarg()==2) { 
        sprint($s2,"^%s",$s2) // just look for initial chars
        if ((match=sfunc.tail($s1,$s2,st.s))==-1) {
            return 0 
          } else {
            sfunc.right($s1,match) 
            return match
          }
      } else if (sfunc.len($s1)>=1) {
        sfunc.right($s1,1) 
        return 1
      } else {
        print "ERR: chop called on empty string" }
      return 0
  }

// strcat(tstr,"stra","strb",...) tstr=stra+strb+...
// 1st arg can be a strdef or String obj
// other args can be strdef, String obj, literal string, or number handled as %g
// returns String obj
obfunc strcat () { local i,na localobj out
    na=numarg() 
    if (argtype(1)==0) { out=new String() 
      } else if (argtype(1)==1) { 
        if (isassigned($o1)) out=$o1 else { out=new String() $o1=out }
      } else { out=new String() out.s=$s1 } // print "AA:",$s1," ",sfunc.len($s1)
    if (argtype(na)==0) { out.s="" na-=1 } // clear string
    for i=2,na {
        if (argtype(i)==1) {        sprint(out.s,"%s%s",out.s,$oi.s) 
          } else if (argtype(i)==2) { sprint(out.s,"%s%s",out.s,$si) 
          } else                      sprint(out.s,"%s%g",out.s,$i) 
      }
    if (argtype(1)==2) $s1=out.s
    return out
  }

// split(string,vec) // split comma sep string into numbers
// split(string,list) // split comma sep string into list of strings
// split(string,list,regexp) // split regexp sep string into list of strings
// split(string,vec,regexp,1) // split but don't interpret: eg "5*3"->15 or "x"->val
// split(string,list,num) // split every num chars
// eg split("534,  43 , 2, 1.4, 34",vec[,"/"])
// split("13, 3*PI/2*tau/2, 32+7, 6, 9.2, 42/3",vec) 
//    optional 3rd str is what to split on; default is comma
split_interp=1
func split () { local i,vf,x,done,num localobj s,st,o
    if (numarg()==0) {
        printf("eg split(\"534 43 2 1.4 34\",vec,\" \") split(\"a,b,c,d,e\",tmplist)")
        return -1 }
    s=new String2() st=new String2()
    s.t=$s1 
    if (argtype(2)!=1) {
        o=new Vector() vf=2 i=2
      } else { 
        o=$o2 i=3
        if (isobj(o,"Vector")) {
            vf=1 
          } else {
            vf=0
            if (!isassigned(o)) { o=new List() $o2=o }
          }
      }
    if (vf) revec(o) else o.remove_all
    if (argtype(i)==2) {st.s=$si i+=1} else st.s="[, ]+"
    if (argtype(i)==0) { // length split into a list eg c2 c2 c2 etc
        if (vf) {printf("Split err: attempting to do length split into vector: %s",o) return 0}
        num=$i
        sprint(st.s,"%%*%ds%%s",num) // eg "%2*s%s" to get all but first 2 chars
        sprint(st.t,"%%%ds",num)     // eg "%2s"    to get first 2 chars
        if (num>sfunc.len(s.t)){
            printf("split() ERRA %s of length %d in pieces of %d?\n",s.t,sfunc.len(s.t),num) return 0}
      } else num=0
    while (sfunc.len(s.t)>0) {
        done=0
        if (vf) {
            if (split_interp) if (strm(s.t,"^[^,]+[+*/-]")) {
                sfunc.head(s.t,",",s.s)
                if (sfunc.len(s.s)==0) s.s=s.t
                sprint(s.s,"%s.append(%s)",o,s.s) execute(s.s)
                done=1
              } 
            if (!done) if (sscanf(s.t,"%lf",&x)) { 
                o.append(x)
                done=1
              } 
            if (!done && split_interp) { // try to interpret as a variable
                hoc_ac_=ERR // global hoc_ac_ for execute1()
                sfunc.head(s.t,st.s,s.s)
                if (sfunc.len(s.s)==0) s.s=s.t // the end
                sprint(st.t,"hoc_ac_=%s",s.s)
                execute1(st.t,0) // no error
                if (hoc_ac_==ERR) {
                    printf("split WARNING skipping non-parsable value: %s\n",s.s)
                  } else {
                    o.append(hoc_ac_) 
                  }
                done=1
              }
            if (vf==2) if (o.size==0) return ERR else return o.x[0]
          } else { // split into a list
            if (num) {
                sscanf(s.t,st.t,s.s)
                o.append(new String2(s.s,s.s))
              } else {
                sfunc.head(s.t,st.s,s.s)
                if (sfunc.len(s.s)==0) s.s=s.t // the end
                o.append(new String2(s.s,s.s))
              }
            done=1
          }
        if (num) { // splitting equal length strings
            if (sfunc.len(s.t)<=num) s.t="" else sscanf(s.t,st.s,s.t)
          } else {
            sfunc.tail(s.t,st.s,s.t)
          }
      }
    if (vf) return o.size else return o.count
  }

// parsenums(STR[,VEC]) find first or all the numbers in a string
func parsenums () { print "Use split(\"str\") instead" }

// intervals(TRAIN,OUTPUT)
func intervals () { local a
    if ($o1.size<=1) { printf("%s size <2 in intervals()\n",$o1) return 0}
    $o2.deriv($o1,1,1)
    return $o2.size
  }

// invl(train,stats[,thresh])
func invl () { local a,x,sz localobj v1,v2
    a=allocvecs(v1,v2)
    if ($o1.size<=1) { printf("%s size <2 in invl()\n",$o1) 
        $o2.resize(5) $o2.fill(-1)
        dealloc(a)
        return 0
      }
    if (!$o1.ismono(2)) printf("decvec::invl() WARN: %s not sorted\n",$o1)
    v1.deriv($o1,1,1)
    if (numarg()==3) {
        if ((x=v1.w("<",$3,-1))>0) { // tag and remove all below threshold
            v1.sort v1.reverse
            v1.resize(v1.size-x)
          }
      }
    stat(v1,$o2)
    sz=v1.size
    dealloc(a)
    return sz
  }

// freql(train,stats)
// doesn't make much sense to take the mean of inverses 
func freql () { local a localobj v1
    a=allocvecs(v1)
    if ($o1.size<=1) { printf("%s size <2 in intervals()\n",$o1) return 0}
    v1.deriv($o1,1,1)
    v1.inv(1e3)
    stat(v1,$o2)
    return v1.size
  }

// downcase(tstr[,UPCASE]) 
proc downcase () { local len,ii,let,diff,min,max
    diff=32 min=65 max=90
    if (numarg()==2) { diff=-diff min=97 max=122 } // if flag -> upcase
    len = sfunc.len($s1)
    for ii=1,len {
        sscanf($s1,"%c%*s",&x)
        sfunc.right($s1,1)
        if (x>=min&&x<=max) {
            sprint($s1,"%s%c",$s1,x+diff)
          } else sprint($s1,"%s%c",$s1,x) // just rotate the letter
      }
  }

// newlst() puts a newline in the middle of a string
proc newlst () { local l
    if (numarg()>1) l=$2 else l=int(sfunc.len($s1)/2)
    temp_string_=$s1
    temp_string2_=$s1
    sfunc.left(temp_string_,l)
    sfunc.right(temp_string2_,l)
    sprint($s1,"%s\n%s",temp_string_,temp_string2_)
  }

//* rdcol(file,vec,col#,cols): read multicolumn file
func rdcol () { local col,cols,length
    if (numarg()==0) { print "\trdcol(\"file\",vec,col#,cols) // col#=1..." return 0}
    col=$3 cols=$4 length=0
    if (! tmpfile.ropen($s1)) { printf("\tERROR: can't open file \"%s\"\n",$s1) return 0}
    while (tmpfile.gets(temp_string_) != -1) length+=1 // count lines
    print length
    tmpfile.seek()
    $o2.scanf(tmpfile,length,col,cols)
    if ($o2.size!=length) printf("rdcol ERR: only read %d statt %d\n",$o2.size,length)
    return length
  }

//* rdmuniq(vec,n,rdm) -- augment vec by n unique vals from rdm
//  rdmuniq(vec,n,max) -- augment vec by n unique vals 0-max
//  rdmuniq(vec,n,min,max) -- augment vec by n unique vals min-max
// draw n numbers without replacement, only makes sense with discrete distribution
// could do something like 
// mso[a].setrand($o3) mso[d].copy(mso[a]) 
//     mso[b].indsort(mso[a]) mso[a].sort() mso[c].redundout(mso[a],1)
// to get indices of unique values but then have to back index to original
// rdmuniqm4=1 to use setrnd() statt setrand()
rdmuniqm4=0
proc rdmuniq () { local i,max,min,n,a3,a,see localobj ro,v1,v2,vin,l
    if (numarg()==0) {
        printf("rdmuniq(vec,n,rdm) - augment vec by n unique vals from rdm\
      rdmuniq(vec,n) - augment vec by n unique vals 0-99\
      rdmuniq(vec,n,max) - augment vec by n unique vals 0-max\
      rdmuniq(vec,n,min,max) - augment vec by n unique vals min-max\
      rdmuniq(vec,n,min,max,seed) - augment vec by n unique vals min-max using seed\n") 
      return }
    if (rdmuniqm4 && argtype(5)!=0) {
        printf("flag set: rdmuniqm4==1: should use all 5 args: rdmuniq(vec,n,min,max,seed)\n") return }
    vin=$o1 min=max=0 see=0 n=int($2) // round down
    a3=argtype(3)
    if (a3==1) {
        ro=$o3  // random previously setup, min,max unknown
      } else if (a3==-1) {
          min=0 max=99
      } else {
         max=$3
        if (argtype(4)==0){min=$3 max=$4}
        if (argtype(5)==0) see=$5
      }
    if (max>0) { // else rdm was an arg with unknown min,max
        if (max-min+1==n) {
            vin.indgen(min,max,1)
            return
          } else if (n>max-min+1) {
            printf("rdmuniq ERR incompatible: min=%d max=%d n=%d (%g vs %d)\n",min,max,n,$2,max-min+1) 
            return 
          }
      }
    if (!rdmuniqm4) {
        if (ro==nil) ro=new Random()
        if (see) ro.ACG($5) // seed it
        ro.discunif(min,max)
      }
    vin.resize(0)
    a=allocvecs(v1,v2) l=new List() l.append(v2) l.append(vin)
    for (ii=1;vin.size<n && ii<5;ii+=1) {
        v1.resize(n*4*ii)
        if (rdmuniqm4) { 
            v1.setrnd(5,max-min+1,see) 
            v1.add(min)
          } else v1.setrand(ro)
        v1.uniq(l,1) // preserve order
      }
    if (vin.size<n) {
        printf("rdmuniq ERR unable to find %d uniq values [%d,%d] -- only \n",n,min,max,vin.size)
      }
    vin.resize(n)
    dealloc(a)
  }

// rdmord (vec,n) randomly ordered numbers 0->n-1 in vec
// eg rdmord(ind,ind.size); check: for ii=0,ind.size-1 if (ind.count(ii)!=1) print ii
proc rdmord () { local n,a localobj v1
    a=allocvecs(v1)  n=$2
    rdm.uniform(0,100)
    v1.resize(n)
    v1.setrand(rdm)
    v1.sortindex($o1)
    dealloc(a)
  }

// shuffle(VSRC[,VDEST]) randomly rearrange elements of vec
obfunc shuffle () { local a  localobj v1,v2,oi,oo
    oi=$o1
    if (numarg()==2) oo=$o2 else oo=$o1
    a=allocvecs(v1,v2)
    rdmord(v1,oi.size)
    v2.index(oi,v1)
    oo.copy(v2)
    dealloc(a)
    return oo
  }

// sample(vec,beg,end,vals) pick out n integer values from given range
// sample(vec,end,vals) -- assumes 0
proc sample () { local min,max,vals
    min=0
    if (numarg()==4) {min=$2 max=$3 vals=$4} else {max=$2 vals=$3}
    $o1.indgen(min,max,1)
    shuffle($o1)
    $o1.resize(vals)
  }

// round() round off to nearest integer
func round () { local ii
    if (argtype(1)==1) {
        if ($o1.size==0) return 1e9
        for ii=0,$o1.size-1 {
            if ($o1.x[ii]>0) $o1.x[ii]=int($o1.x[ii]+0.5) else $o1.x[ii]=int($o1.x[ii]-0.5) 
          }
        return($o1.x[0])
      } else {
        if ($1>0) return int($1+0.5) else return int($1-0.5) 
      }
  } 

// filevers() pulls out version of file from first line
func filevers () { localobj f1,s1,lx1
    f1=new File() s1=new String() lx1=new Union()
    if (! f1.ropen($s1)) { printf("filevers ERR, can't open %s\n",$s1) 
        return 0 }
    f1.gets(s1.s)
    if (sscanf(s1.s,"%*s $Id: %*s %*d.%d",&lx1.x)!=1) {
        printf("filevers ERR, sscanf failed %s: %s",$s1,s1.s) }
    f1.close
    return lx1.x
  }

//* hocfind(FILENAME) searches through HOC_LIBRARY_PATH and locates file
obfunc hocfind () { local done localobj f1,s1,s2
    f1=new File() s1=new String() s2=new String()
    done=0
    system("echo -n $HOC_LIBRARY_PATH",s1.s)
    sprint(s1.s,"%s ",s1.s) // to look at last item
    while (sfunc.len(s1.s)>2) {
        sfunc.head(s1.s,"[ :]",s2.s)
        sprint(s2.s,"%s/%s",s2.s,$s1)
        if (f1.ropen(s2.s)) {done=1 break}
        sfunc.tail(s1.s,"[ :]",s1.s)
      }
    if (!done) if (f1.ropen($s1)) {sprint(s2.s,"./%s",$s1) done=1}
    if (!done) s2.s="NOT FOUND"
    return s2
  }

//* usefiles(F1[,F2,...]) list of files returns string with list of files and versions
obfunc usefiles () { local i localobj s1,s2
    s2=new String()
    s2.s="Using "
    for i=1,numarg() {
        s1=hocfind($si)
        sprint(s2.s,"%s %s%d",s2.s,$si,filevers(s1.s))
      }
    return s2
  }

//* ttest(v1,v2)  student t-test
// nrniv/sync/notebook.dol:16230
// checked against http://www.physics.csbsju.edu/stats/t-test_bulk_form.html
func ttest () {  local prob,df
    df=$o1.size+$o2.size-2
    t_val=($o1.mean-$o2.mean)/sqrt($o1.var/$o1.size + $o2.var/$o2.size)
    prob=betai_stats(0.5*df,0.5,df/(df+t_val*t_val))
    return prob
  }

// pttest() paired t-test
func pttest () {  local prob,sd,df,cov,j,ave1,ave2,var1,var2
    n=$o1.size ave1=$o1.mean ave2=$o2.mean var1=$o1.var var2=$o2.var cov=0
    if (n!=$o2.size) {printf("pttest ERR: != sizes\n",n,$o2.size) return -1}
    for (j=0;j<n;j+=1) cov+=($o1.x[j]-ave1)*($o2.x[j]-ave2)
    cov /= (df=n-1)
    sd=sqrt((var1+var2-2.0*cov)/n)
    t_val=(ave1-ave2)/sd
    prob=betai_stats(0.5*df,0.5,df/(df+t_val*t_val))
    // printf("%g ",t_val)
    return prob
  }

func howfull () { local a,min,max,bins,ret localobj v1
    min=0 bins=1e3
    if (numarg()==4){min=$2 max=$3 bins=$4} else if (numarg()==3){max=$2 bins=$3} else max=$2
    a=allocvecs(v1,bins)
    $o1.bin(v1,(max-min)/bins,min,max)
    ret=1-v1.count(0)/bins
    dealloc(a)
    return ret
  }

//* Matrix things
// msize() print size of a matrix
proc msize () { printf("%d x %d\n",$o1.nrow,$o1.ncol) }

//** l2m() turn a vector list into a matrix
obfunc l2m () { local ii,m,n localobj mat,l,xo
    l=$o1
    n=l.o(0).size m=l.count // rows x cols (data in cols)
    mat=new Matrix(n,m)
    for ltr(xo,l,&ii) mat.setcol(ii,xo)
    return mat
  }

//** m2l() turn a matrix into a vector list
obfunc m2l () { local ii,m,n localobj mat,l,xo
    l=new List() mat=$o1 m=mat.ncol n=mat.nrow
    for ii=0,m-1 l.append(mat.getcol(ii))
    return l
  }

//** reind(ind,filter0[,ifilter1,...]) goes through a series of vectors or values 
// to translate an index if filter is a vec then get vec.x[x] else get x+val
func reind () { local i,x
    x=$1 
    for i=2,numarg() if (argtype(i)==0) x+=$i else x=$oi.x[x]
    return x
  }

// rmxtmp() sets xtmp string
proc rmxtmp () { localobj st
    if (wopen("xtmp")) { 
        xtmp = "xtmp" 
      } else if (wopen("/tmp/xtmp")) {
        xtmp="/tmp/xtmp" 
      } else {  
        xtmp=strcat(1,getenv("HOME"),"/.xtmp").s 
        if (!wopen(xtmp)) printf("Can't open an xtmp file anywhere: . /tmp ~/ \n")
      }
    wopen() // close the file
  }
rmxtmp()

//* matrix functions using matrix.mod stuff
//** getdiag(matvec,destvec) 
proc getdiag () { local a localobj v1
    a=allocvecs(v1)
    v1.indgen(0,ROWS*COLS,COLS+1)
    $o2.index($o1,v1)
    dealloc(a)
  }

//** setdiag(matvec,value) 
proc setdiag () { local a localobj v1
    a=allocvecs(v1)
    v1.indgen(0,ROWS*COLS,COLS+1)
    $o1.indset(v1,$2)
    dealloc(a)
  }

func msetrc () { local x
    if ((x=sqrt($o1.size))==int(x)) ROWS=COLS=x else printf("Unable to set ROWS,COLS\n")
    return x
  }

for scase(XO,"o","t","s","O","T","S","+") clrsym.o.append(new String(XO.s))
// END /usr/site/nrniv/local/hoc/decvec.hoc
//================================================================

objref g[10]
gvmarkflag=0
declared("file_len")
strdef execstr,strform
strform="%s "

//* stubs for ancillary programs
double sops[20]  // AUGMENT TO ADD NEW OPSYM
declared("whvarg","whkey","varstr","nqsdel","chsel2","grsel2","oform")
proc oformoff () { execute1("func oform(){return NOP}") } // default no operation
proc oform64(){execute1("func oform(){{$o1.vpr(64,1)}return OK}")} // vec.vpr(64)
oformoff()
nqsselcp=1

//* NQS template
// potential to overwrite XO,tmpfile,i1
begintemplate NQS
public cob,out,up // operate on this or out 
public s,comment,file,v,m,x,ind,scr,fcd,fcds,fcdo,fcdl,sstr // strings and vecs
public objl,verbose,tmplist,vlist,vl,vlc,nval,sval,oval,selcp,rxpstr,slorflag,stub,chunk,rdpiece
public sv,rd,append,pr,pri,prs,zvec,resize,size,fi,sets,set,setcol,setcols,gets,get,fetch,tog
public cp,copy,mo,aind,it,qt,ot,ut,vt,appi,eq,fcdseq,fcdoeq,sort,select,stat,map,apply,applf
public calc,pad,delect,fill,uniq,gr,clear,strdec,coddec,odec,fdec,join,fillin,fillv,otl,selall
public unuselist,useslist,delrow,elimrepeats,grow,shuffle,fewind,listvecs,loose,rdcols
public percl,psel,svsetting,getrow,getcol,resize2,find,family,delcol,keepcols,selone
public sethdrs,gethdrs,version,svvers,i2,ay,svcols,svR,scpflag,unref,refs,qtset,keylook,cpout
public deriv,interval,renamecol,renamecols,info,getsel,tomat,frmat,marksym,vsort,hash,unnan
public cindx,mkind,cindcol,mset,mget,covarc,tomatc,noheader,csel
objref v[1],s[1],is[4],x,nil,ind,scr[3],fcd,fcds,fcdo,fcdl,this,objl
objref cob,out,up,Xo,Yo,oval,tmplist,otl,vlist,vl,vlc,info,cindx

strdef comment,file,sstr,sstr2,sstr3,sstr4,tstr,sval,nqsvers,marksym
double m[1],refs[1]
external readnums,savenums,readdbls,savedbls,rdvstr,wrvstr,sfunc,repl_mstr,isobj,rdmord
external vlk,Union,String,tmpfile,strm,XO,execstr,i1,allocvecs,dealloc,mso,strform,dblform,tabform
external eqobj,isnum,chop,isassigned,whvarg,whkey,sops,batch_flag,g,varstr,gvmarkflag
external file_len,nqsdel,chsel2,grsel2,oform,nqsselcp,tmpobj

//** init()
proc init () { local i,ii,flag,ofl,scnt,na,fl,rdflag
    refs=-1
    noheader=nval=fl=scnt=ofl=flag=rdflag=0 // flag set if creating the internal NQS
    ni=0
    verbose=1
    selcp=nqsselcp
    svsetting=4 loose=1e-6
    for ii=2,3 is[ii]=new String()
    is[3].s="INDEX"  is[2].s="SCRATCH"
    na=numarg()
    for i=1,na scnt+=(argtype(i)==2) // string count
    if (na==0) scnt=-1
    if (na==1) if (argtype(1)==2) rdflag=1 else if (argtype(1)==1) rdflag=2
    if (na>=1) if (argtype(1)==0) {
        fl=1 // 1 arg taken care of
        if ($1<=-10) {
            flag=1 up=$o2 fl=2 ofl=-($1+10)
            m=up.m 
            if (ofl) {
                objref v[m]
                for ii=0,m-1 v[ii]=new Vector()
              } else if (m>0) {
                objref v[m],s[m]
                for ii=0,m-1 {v[ii]=new Vector() s[ii]=up.s[ii]}
              }
            fcd=up.fcd
            fcds=up.fcds fcdl=up.fcdl fcdo=up.fcdo // finish creation of .out here
          } else if ($1<0) { // flag to create a large set of vectors with no labels and no .out
            fl=2 noheader=ofl=-$1 m=$2
            objref v[m]
            for ii=0,m-1 v[ii]=new Vector() // no s[ii] strings
          } else {
            m=$1
            objref v[m],s[m]
            for ii=0,m-1 { v[ii]=new Vector() s[ii]=new String2() }
          }
      }
    if (fl!=1 && na==scnt) { // all strings
        fl=2 // all args taken care of
        m=na
        objref v[m],s[m]
        for ii=0,m-1 {i=ii+1 v[ii]=new Vector() s[ii]=new String2($si) }
      }
    if (fl!=2 && na>=2) if (argtype(2)==0) { 
        fl==2  // all args taken care of
        for ii=0,m-1 v[ii].resize($2) 
      }
    if (fl!=2) { // if first arg is not a string these other can be
        if (na>=2) file=$s2
        if (na>=3) comment=$s3
        if (na>=4) x.x[0]=$4
      }
    if (!flag) { 
        // fcd gives field codes according to values used for argtype()
        fcds=new List() fcd=new Vector(m) tmplist=new List() vlist=new List()
        fcd.resize(m) fcd.fill(0) // field codes to have a field that's string based
      }
    x=new Vector(m) ind=x.c for ii=0,2 scr[ii]=x.c
    scr.resize(0) ind.resize(0)
    objl=new List() cob=this
    v0sz=slorflag=0
    qtset=0
    chunk=100
    info=new Union()
  nqsvers="=Id=  nqs.hoc,v 1.626 2009/01/09 14:23:37 billl Exp " svvers=-1
    if (!flag && ofl!=2) { 
        out=new NQS(-10-ofl,this)
        if (rdflag==1) rd($s1)
        if (rdflag==2) copy($o1)
      } 
    chk()
  }

// deallocate the attached nqs if destroyed
// after build NQS should have external pointer and out.up pointer +/- cob
// NB: 'this' is created and destroyed as needed
proc unref () {
    return
    // if (isassigned(out)) printf("AA:%d ",$1) else printf("BB:%d ",$1)
    if ($1<=refs) { // don't bother if have more than 2 refs or if currently building
        if (m>=0 && isassigned(out)) { // only do it on a live master nqs
            if ($1<2 || eqobj(cob,out.up)) { // means that only up are left
                m=-7  // indicate have started the process so don't reenter here
                printf("Entering destructor for %s: %d %d %s %s %s\n",out.up,$1,refs,cob,out,out.up)
                out.unref(-1) // take care of out first
              }
          }
      }
    if ($1==-1) { // for .out
        cob=nil
        up=nil
      } else if (m==-7) { // should only be done once
        m= -8
        // printf("Removal of %s on call %d\n",out.up,$1)
        if (isassigned(fcdo)) fcdo.remove_all
        if (isassigned(fcdo)) fcds.remove_all
        cob=nil
        up=nil
      }
  }


//** make sure there are no inconsistencies -- also set vl
func chk () { local ii,jj,ret
    ret=1
    if (out!=nil && !noheader) {
        for ii=0,m-2 for jj=ii+1,m-1 {
            if (sfunc.len(s[ii].s)>0 && strcmp(s[ii].s,s[jj].s)==0) {
                printf("NQS:chk ERRA: %s col: %s(%d) %s(%d) with same name\n",this,s[ii].s,ii,s[jj].s,jj)
                ret=0
              }
          }
      }
    listvecs(vl)
    return ret
  }

//** tog() toggle flag that determines whether actions are on out or this
func tog () { local ret
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) ret=20 else ret=10 // report old value
    if (numarg()==0) {
        if (eqobj(cob,out)) { cob=this if (verbose) print "Operate on full db" 
          } else {              cob=out  if (verbose) print "Operate on output of select" 
          }
      } else if (numarg()==1) {
        if (argtype(1)==0) {
            if ($1>=10) { // set 
                if ($1==10) cob=this else if ($1==20) cob=out else printf("tog ERRA:%d\n",$1)
              } else {  // just give information
                if (eqobj(cob,out)) { print "Using output db" 
                  } else {              print "Using full db"   }
              }
          } else if (argtype(1)==2) { // out,output,selected to choose these
            if (strm($s1,"[Oo][Uu][Tt]") || strm($s1,"[Ss][Ee][Ll]")) {
                cob=out 
              } else {
                cob=this
              }
          }
      }
    return ret
  }

//** sethdrs() set the column names to given args
// sethdrs(#,"NAME") sethdrs("NAME1","NAME2",...)  sethdrs(nq) -- copy from nq
proc sethdrs () { local i,nm
    nm=numarg()
    // out.s should always be a pointer to s but early on was keeping different copies:
    if (! eqobj(s,out.s)) printf("sets INTERRA\n")
    if (nm==2 && argtype(1)==0) { 
        s[$1].s=$s2 
      } else if (nm==1) {
        if ($o1.m!=m) resize($o1.m)
        for i=0,m-1 s[i].s=$o1.s[i].s
      } else {
        if (nm>m) { 
            if (batch_flag) {
                printf("NQS sets WARNING resized table from %d to %d\n",m,nm)
              } else if (! boolean_dialog("Resize TABLE?","YES","NO")) return
            printf("resizing TABLE: %d -> %d\n",m,nm) resize(nm) 
          }
        for i=1,nm { s[i-1].s=$si }
      }
  }

// gethdrs() print the strings
proc gets () { printf("gets() changed to gethdrs()\n") } 
proc gethdrs () { local ii,jj,kk,mm localobj o
    if (numarg()==1) {
        if ($1==-1) { // set the strings
            if (!batch_flag && sfunc.len(s[0].s)!=0) {
                printf("Overwrite headers for %s? (y/n) ",this)
                getstr(tstr) chop(tstr)
                if (strcmp(tstr,"y")!=0) return
              }
            o=new String("%s%c")
            for ii=0,m-1 {
                jj=ii%26 kk=int(ii/26)+1
                for mm=1,kk sprint(s[ii].s,o.s,s[ii].s,65+jj)
              }
          } else if ($1==1) { // show the types of fields
            for ii=0,m-1 printf("%s(%d) ",s[ii].s,fcd.x[ii])
          } else if ($1==2) { // just the names
            for ii=0,m-1 printf("%s ",s[ii].s)
          }
      } else {
        for ii=0,m-1 printf("%s(%d) ",s[ii].s,ii) // field numbers
      }
  }

//* selone(COL,VAL[,FLAG]) -- uses vec.slone when just working with one col and one value
func selone () { local val,niflag
    if (numarg()==3) niflag=$3 else niflag=0 // use if searching repeatedly through same vec
    tog("DB") // start at full db
    if (argtype(1)==2) fl=fi($s1) else fl=$1
    if (fl==-1) return
    val=$2
    // if (!v[fl].ismono) {printf("NQS selone: must sort on %s before using\n",s[fl].s) return -1}
    if (niflag) ni=ind.slone(v[fl],val,ni) else ni=ind.slone(v[fl],val)
    if (selcp) {
        if (ind.size==0) { 
            if (verbose) printf("None selected\n") 
          } else {
            out.ind.copy(ind) 
            aind()
            cob=out
          }
      } else cob=this
    return ind.size
  }
  
//* ay() is an n-dim associative array with p return values
// emulate a high-dim sparse array with optional string args, eg
// nq.ay("SU","IN",7,2,12).x // like nq_array["SU"]["IN"][7][2][12]
// an associative array could do same with non-numeric indices
// here if we have m cols can use any n of them as indices and rest are return values up to
// what a Union() can hold (2 strings, 2 objs, 2 doubles)
// if want to ignore one index can use OK as a globbing value
// for SET use an explicit set aa[5][4][7][2][12]=17 -> nq.ay(5,4,7,2,12,SET,17)
// select based on first n cols and always using EQU or SEQ
// gives more feel of an array -- assumes columns are IND0,IND1,...,VAL
// keys are SET to begin setting values, and OK to leave a value as is
// noninteger must be a set value
// eg XO=ncq.ay(SU,SU,AM,INC,SET,OK,List[35])
// alternate use with specific labels for things to be set eg
// eg XO=ncq.ay(SU,SU,AM,SET,"del",2.2,"wt")
obfunc ay () { local a,b,i,j,jo,k,na,flag,done,ix,nx,sx,ox,fl localobj key,arg,o
    if (numarg()==0) {
        printf("ay(I0,I1 ...[SET,V1,V2 ...])\n") return o }
    tog("DB") // start at full db
    a=allocvecs(key,arg)
    o=new Union() o.err=1 // assume .err set to return errors
    na=numarg()
    vlist.remove_all
    ind.resize(v.size)
    if (argtype(1)==1) for ii=0,$o1.size-1 {
        key.append(EQU) arg.append($o1.x[ii],0) vlist.append(v[ii])
        flag=0 j=b=$o1.size 
        if (numarg()>1) if ($2==SET) {i=3 flag=1}
      } else {
        for ({i=1 flag=0 done=0} ; i<=na && !flag; {i+=1 done=0}) {
            if (argtype(i)==2) {
                if (fi($si,"NOERR")!=-1) break else if (fcd.x[i-1]!=2) {
                    printf("ay ERRA: %d %d\n",fcd.x[i-1],argtype(i)) dealloc(a) return o
                  }
                for (j=0;j<fcds.count && !done;j+=1) if (strcmp(fcds.o(j).s,$si)==0) {
                    key.append(EQU) arg.append(j,0) vlist.append(v[i-1]) done=1
                  }
                if (!done) {printf("%s ay ERRE: %s not found in col %s\n",this,$si,s[i-1].s) 
                    dealloc(a) return o }
              } else if (argtype(i)==0) {
                if ($i==GET) { flag=2 // this is a value to start retrieval
                  } else if ($i==SET) { flag=1 // this is a value to set
                  } else if ($i!=OK) {  // ignore an OK
                    key.append(EQU) arg.append($i,0) vlist.append(v[i-1])
                  }
              }
          }
        b=i-1 // will begin again here -- these are v[] indices hence 0- statt 1-offset
        j=i-2 // have also had a SET arg to go behind
      }
    ind.slct(key,arg,vlist)
    if (ind.size>1) printf("%s ay WARNING: mult rows %d (using %d)\n",this,ind.size,ind.x[0])
    if (ind.size==0) { // printf("%s ay ERRBB: none selected\n",this)
        dealloc(a) return o }
    ix=ind.x[0] // just getting the first row of this
    if (i==na && argtype(i)==2) if ((fl=fi($si,"NOERR"))!=-1) { // return just 1 with col label
        j=getval(fl,v[fl].x[ix])
        if (j==0) o.x=nval else if (j==1) o.o=oval else if (j==2) o.s=sval
        dealloc(a)
        o.err=0
        return o
      }
    for (;i<=na && flag==1;{i+=1 j+=1 jo=0}) { // set using the rest of the args
        if (argtype(i)==0) if ($i==OK) continue // don't set this one
        if (argtype(i)==2) {
            if (strcmp($si,"")==0) continue // don't set this one
            if ((k=fi($si,"NOERR"))!=-1) {jo=j j=k i+=1}
          }
        if (argtype(i)!=fcd.x[j]) {
            printf("%s ay ERRC: %d %d %d\n",this,i,fcd.x[j],argtype(i)) dealloc(a) return o }
        if (argtype(i)==0) { v[j].x[ix]=$i 
          } else if (argtype(i)==1) { set(j,ix,$oi) print $oi,ix
          } else if (argtype(i)==2) { set(j,ix,$si)
          } else {printf("%s ay ERRD: set %d not implemented\n",this,argtype(i)) dealloc(a) return o}
        if (jo) j-=1 // back up: perhaps can but would be a bad idea to mix setting stuff
      }
    nx=sx=ox=-1
    if (flag==2) {i=b if ((b=fi($si,"NOERR"))==-1) {
            printf("nqs:ay() GET ERR %s not found\n",$si) return o }}
    for (i=b;i<m;i+=1) { // return values -- get 10 of each
        j=getval(i,v[i].x[ix])
        if (j==0) { 
            nx+=1 
            if (nx>=10) continue
            o.set(s[i].s,nval)
          } else if (j==1 || j==2) { 
            ox+=1 // string is handled as String obj
            if (ox>=10) continue
            if (j==2) o.set(s[i].s,sval) else o.set(s[i].s,oval)
          }
      }
    dealloc(a)
    o.err=0
    return o
  }

//* select() -- based loosely on SQL select
func select () { local ii,i,tmp,tmp1,ret,isv,key,arg,vc,selcpsav,savind,union,not,rxpflg localobj o
    if (numarg()==0) { out.cp(this,2) cob=out return v.size }
    tog("DB") // start at full db
    if (size(1)==-1) { printf("%s:select ERR0: cols not all same size\n",this) return -1 }
    // key holds OPs; arg holds ARGs; vc holds COL NAMEs
    key=arg=vc=allocvecs(3) arg+=1 vc+=2 // key is an operator, arg is args, vc is col#
    selcpsav=selcp i=1 not=rxpflg=union=savind=0
    tmplist.remove_all vlist.remove_all
    if (argtype(i)==0) if ($1==-1) {selcp=0  i+=1} // else is a number identifying a vector
    if (argtype(i)==2) { // check first string for &&, ||, !
        if (strcmp($si,"&&")==0) {        savind=1 union=0 i+=1 
          } else if (strcmp($si,"||")==0) { savind=1 union=1 i+=1 
          } else if (strcmp($si,"!")==0)  { savind=0  not=1 i+=1
          } else if (strcmp($si,"&&!")==0)  {savind=1 not=1 i+=1
          } else if (strcmp($si,"||!")==0)  {savind=1 union=1 not=1 i+=1 }
      } else if (argtype(i)==1) { i+=1
        if (argtype(i)==1 && argtype(i+1)==1) { // 3 vectors in a row are preset info for slct()
            if (numarg()!=3) { printf("%s:select ERR0: 3 vecs should be mso[key],mso[arg],cols\n",this) 
                dealloc(key) return -1 }
            if ($o1.size!=$o3.size || $o1.size*2!=$o2.size) {
                printf("%s:select ERR0c: size problem %d %d %d\n",this,$o1.size,$o2.size,$o3.size) 
                dealloc(key) return -1 }
            i=4 // have sucked up all the args
            mso[key].copy($o1) mso[arg].copy($o2)
            for ii=0,$o3.size-1 vlist.append(v[$o3.x[ii]])
          } else if (isobj($o1,"Vector")) { ind.copy($o1) savind=1 union=0 // assume &&
          } else { 
            printf("%s:select ERR0a: first vec obj should be ind vector\n",this) dealloc(key) return -1 }
      }
    if (savind) scr.copy(ind) else scr.resize(0)
  
    while (i<=numarg()) {
        if (argtype(i)==2) { 
            if (strcmp($si,"IND_")==0) {
                if ((vn=fi($si,"NOERR"))!=-3) { 
                    printf("NQS:select() WARNING: IND_ is a reserved word: ?%s\n",s[vn].s) }
                vn=-1e9  scr[1].indgen(0,v.size-1,1) tmplist.prepend(scr[1])
              } else if ((vn=fi($si))<0) { dealloc(key) return -1 }
            sstr=$si  // save for join: use with "NAME",EQW,OTHER_NQS
          } else if (argtype(i)==0) { vn=$i // can avoid repeated string search
            if (vn<0 || vn>=m) {
                printf("%s:select ERR0b: can't ident arg %d: %d\n",this,i,vn) dealloc(key) return -1}
            sstr=s[vn].s
          } else {printf("%s:select ERR1: arg %d should be col name or num\n",this,i) dealloc(key) return -1}
        if (vn>=0) if (fcd.x[vn]==1) { 
            if (oform(fcdo.o(v[vn].x[0]))!=NOP) { // look at obj list
                scr[1].resize(0)      
                for ii=0,v[vn].size-1 scr[1].append(oform(fcdo.o(v[vn].x[ii])))
                vn=-1e9   tmplist.prepend(scr[1])
              } else {
                printf("NQS:select WARNING selecting on indices in an obj column: %d (?oform)\n",vn)
              }
          }
        mso[vc].append(vn)                        i+=1 
        if (argtype(i)==0) {
            if ((isv=isvarg($i))!=-1) { 
                lk=$i 
              } else { // arg2 is a regular number use "~"
                  mso[key].append(IBI) // approximately equal -- generate a range
                  tmp=$i*(1-loose) tmp1=$i*(1+loose)
                  if (tmp<tmp1) mso[arg].append(tmp,tmp1) else mso[arg].append(tmp1,tmp)
                  i+=1
                  continue
              }
          } else if (argtype(i)==2) { isv=isvarg(lk=whvarg($si))
            if (isv==-1) { 
                if (strcmp($si,"==")==0 || strcmp($si,"~")==0) {
                    mso[key].append(IBI) // approximately equal -- generate a range
                    i+=1
                    tmp=$i*(1-loose) tmp1=$i*(1+loose)
                    if (tmp<tmp1) mso[arg].append(tmp,tmp1) else mso[arg].append(tmp1,tmp)
                    i+=1
                    continue
                  } else {
                    printf("%s:select ERR1a: operator %s not recognized\n",this,$si) dealloc(key) return -1 
                  }
              }
          } else {
            printf("%s:select ERR2: arg should be symbolic (eg GTE, EQU ...) or string (eg '[)','<=') op \n",this,i)
            dealloc(key) return -1 
          }
        mso[key].append(lk)                       i+=1
        // pick up ARGS
        for ii=0,isv-1   {  
            if (argtype(i)==0) { 
                if (lk==EQV) {
                    if ($i<0 || $i>=m) printf("ERRQ\n") else {
                        mso[arg].append(0)
                        mso[vc].append($i)
                      }
                  } else mso[arg].append($i)
                i+=1 
              } else if (argtype(i)==2) {
                if (lk==EQV) { // look for a column id
                    vn=fi($si) // OPSYM exception
                    if (vn==-1) { printf("%s:select ERR2a EQV but what col?\n",this) dealloc(key) return -1 }
                    mso[arg].append(0)
                    mso[vc].append(vn)                    i+=1
                  } else if (lk==SEQ) {
                    mso[key].x[mso[key].size-1]=EQU
                    if (argtype(i)==1) oval=$oi else if (argtype(i)==2) sval=$si
                    mso[arg].append(ret=finval(vn,argtype(i),lk))  i+=1
                  } else if (lk==RXP) {
                    mso[key].x[mso[key].size-1]=EQW
                    mso[arg].append(0)
                    if (argtype(i)!=2) {printf("%s:select ERR2a1\n",this) dealloc(key) return -1}
                    if (rxpflg==1) {printf("%s:select ERR2a2: RXP twice\n",this) dealloc(key) return -1}
                    ret=tmplist.prepend(scr[2])
                    if (rxpstr(vn,$si,scr[2])==0) {
                        printf("%s:select WARNING: No RXP matches for %s\n",this,$si) }
                    mso[vc].append(-1e9)                  i+=1
                  } else {printf("%s:select ERR2b string arg needs EQV,SEQ or RXP?\n",this)
                    dealloc(key) return -1}
              } else if (argtype(i)==1) { 
                if (lk>=EQW && lk<=EQX) { // pick up a vector
                    if (isobj($oi,"Vector")) {
                        mso[arg].append(0)
                        mso[vc].append(-i)                    i+=1
                      } else if (isobj($oi,"NQS")) {
                        mso[arg].append(0)
                        if ((tmp=$oi.fi(sstr,"NOERR"))!=-1) { // JOIN with output from other nqs
                            tmplist.prepend($oi.out.v[tmp])
                          } else {
                            o=$oi                               i+=1
                            if ((tmp=o.fi($si))==-1){printf("%s:select ERR2c: can't find %s in %s?\n",this,$si,o)
                                dealloc(key) return -1 }
                            tmplist.prepend(o.out.v[tmp])
                          }
                        mso[vc].append(-1e9)                  i+=1
                      } else { printf("%s:select ERR2c1: EQW/EQX needs Vec or NQS not %s?\n",this,$oi)
                        dealloc(key) return -1
                      }
                  } else { printf("%s:select ERR2d only EQW/EQX takes obj arg: %d:%d?\n",this,i,argtype(i))
                    dealloc(key) return -1}
              } else {
                whkey(lk,sstr) printf("%s:select ERR3 arg %d should be arg for %s",this,i,sstr) 
                dealloc(key) return -1
              }
          }
        // args in wrong order - swap
        if (isv==2) if (mso[arg].x[mso[arg].size-2]>mso[arg].x[mso[arg].size-1]) {
            tmp=mso[arg].x[mso[arg].size-2]
            mso[arg].x[mso[arg].size-2]=mso[arg].x[mso[arg].size-1]
            mso[arg].x[mso[arg].size-1]=tmp
          }
        // pad so every OP sees 2 ARGS
        for ii=0,2-isv-1 { mso[arg].append(0) } 
      }
    ind.resize(v.size)
  
    for ii=0,mso[vc].size-1 { vn=mso[vc].x[ii] 
        if (vn==-1e9) { // code for EQW case with NQS arg
            vlist.append(tmplist.object(tmplist.count-1)) 
            tmplist.remove(tmplist.count-1) // pop
          } else if (vn<0) { i=-vn // code for EQV case where vector is in the arg list
            vlist.append($oi) 
          } else vlist.append(v[vn]) 
      }
    if (tmplist.count!=0) { printf("NQS:select ERR5 %s.tmplist not empty\n",this) return -1 }
  
    if (slorflag) { ind.slor(mso[key],mso[arg],vlist)
      } else        { ind.slct(mso[key],mso[arg],vlist) }
    if (verbose==2) keylook(key) // look at the keys
    if (not==1) complement() // ind->!ind
    if (savind) { 
        if (union==1) {
            scr.append(ind) scr.sort ind.resize(scr.size+ind.size)
            ind.redundout(scr)
          } else {
            mso[key].resize(scr.size+ind.size)
            mso[key].insct(scr,ind) ind.copy(mso[key]) }
      }
    ret=ind.size
    if (selcp) {
        out.ind.copy(ind) 
        if (ind.size==0) { 
            if (verbose) printf("None selected\n") 
          } else {
            aind()
            cob=out
          }
      } else cob=this
    dealloc(key)
    selcp=selcpsav
    slorflag=0
    return ret
  }

//** keylook()
proc keylook () { local key,arg,vc,ii
    if (numarg()==0) key=0 else key=$1
    arg=key+1 vc=key+2
    printf("slct(keys,args,cols)\n")
    for ii=0,mso[key].size-1 {
        whkey(mso[key].x[ii],tstr)
        for jj=0,m-1 if (eqobj(v[jj],vlist.o(ii))) break
        if (jj==m) jj=-1
        printf("KEY: %s; ARGS: %g %g; COL: %d (%s)\n",\
               tstr,mso[arg].x[2*ii],mso[arg].x[2*ii+1],jj,vlist.o(ii))
      } // vlk(mso[key]) vlk(mso[arg])
  }

//** selall()
proc selall () { local ii
    if (numarg()==2) {
        for ii=0,m-1 out.v[ii].where(v[ii],$s1,$2)
      } else {
        for ii=0,m-1 out.v[ii].where(v[ii],$s1,$2,$3)
      }
    tog("SEL")
  }

func csel () { local a,ii localobj v1
    a=allocvecs(v1,m)
    for ii=0,m-1 v1.append(oform(v[ii]))
    if (numarg()==2) { ind.indvwhere(v1,$s1,$2)
      } else           { ind.indvwhere(v1,$s1,$2,$3) }
    dealloc(a)
    return ind.size
  }

//** complement() ind -> !ind
proc complement () { local a,b
    a=b=allocvecs(2) b+=1
    mso[a].indgen(0,size(1)-1,1)
    mso[b].resize(mso[a].size)
    mso[b].cull(mso[a],ind)
    ind.copy(mso[b])
    dealloc(a)
  }

//** delect([NQS])
// move the selected rows from the out db [or other] back to the main db
// the assumption is that you have operated on some of the fields and now want to
//      put the rows back
// ind must not have been altered since it will be used to replace the items
func delect () { local beg,ii,flag
    scr.resize(v.size)
    if (numarg()==1) flag=1 else flag=0
    if (flag) { 
        if (m!=$o1.m){ 
            printf("NQS:delect ERRa m mismatch: %s:%d vs %s:%d\n",this,m,$o1,$o1.m) return -1 }
        ind.copy($o1.ind)
      } else if (out.ind.size==0) { return 0
      } else if (!out.ind.eq(ind) || ind.size!=out.v.size) {
        printf("NQS:delect ERR ind size mismatch\n") 
        return -1 
      }
    for (beg=0;beg<m;beg+=50) { // sindx() can only handle vecst.mod:VRRY vecs at a time
        tmplist.remove_all vlist.remove_all
        for ii=beg,beg+49 if (ii<m) tmplist.append(v[ii])
        for ii=beg,beg+49 if (ii<m) if (flag) { 
            vlist.append($o1.v[ii]) 
          } else {
            vlist.append(out.v[ii]) 
          }
        ind.sindx(tmplist,vlist)
      }      
    cob=this
    return ind.size
  }  
  
//** isvarg() returns number of args an op takes or -1 if not symbolic OP
func isvarg () { local m,op // ADD NEW OPSYM CHECK
    op=$1
    for m=0,5 if (op<=EBE*(m+1) && op>=ALL*(m+1)) { op/=(m+1) break } // m is is field key 1-5
    if (op<ALL) return -1 else if (op<GTH) return 0 else if (op<IBE) { return 1 
      } else if (op<=EBE) return 2 else return -1 
  }

//** fi(STR[,XO]) find the index for a particular string, can set a objref
//  fi(STR,INDEX) return INDEXed value from that vector
//  fi(STR,"NOERR")  suppress error message
//  fi(STR,"EXACT")  string match
//  fi(STR,"ALL") return vector of all indices that match regexp
func fi () { local num,flag,ii,ret,err,ext
    if (refs==-1) if (isassigned(out)) { // calculate refs
        // refs=sfunc.references(this,1)-1 // make sure 'this' is turned on
        // printf("%d refs\n",refs)
      }
    ext=noerr=err=num=flag=all=0
    if (numarg()>=2) if (argtype(2)==2) {
        if (strcmp($s2,"NOERR")==0) noerr=1 // use "NOERR" string
        if (strcmp($s2,"EXACT")==0) ext=1 // string match statt regexp
        if (strcmp($s2,"ALL")==0) {all=1 $o3.resize(0)} // all regexp matches
      }
    for ii=0,m-1 if (strcmp(s[ii].s,$s1)==0) {flag=1 ret=ii break} // exact match
    if (ext) if (flag) return ret else return -1
    if (strcmp($s1,"scr")==0 || strcmp($s1,"SCR_")==0) {flag=1 ret=-2}
    if (strcmp($s1,"IND_")==0) {flag=1 ret=-3}
    if (!flag) for ii=0,m-1 { // make sure $s1 could be a regexp to avoid regexp error
        if (sfunc.len($s1)<sfunc.len(s[ii].s) && !strm($s1,"[()]")) if (strm(s[ii].s,$s1)) { 
            if (num>=1) {
                if (all) $o3.append(ii) else {
                    err=1 
                    printf("%s fi ERR: regexp matches more than once: %d %s\n",this,ii,s[ii].s)
                  }
              } else {
                if (all) $o3.append(ii)
                num+=1 ret=ii flag=1
              }
          }
      }
    if (err) printf("NQS WARNING; ambiguous regexp; fi() returning pointer for: %d %s\n",ret,s[ret].s)
    if (flag) {
        if (numarg()==2 && noerr==0) { 
            if        (argtype(2)==1) { 
                if (ret==-2) $o2=scr else if (ret==-3) {printf("%s:fi ERRa copy what?\n",this) return ret
                  } else $o2=v[ret] 
              } else if (argtype(2)==0) { 
                if ($2<0 || $2>=v[ret].size) { 
                    printf("%s:fi ERR index out of bounds: %d %d\n",this,$2,v[ret].size) 
                    return -1
                  }
                if (ret==-2) ret=scr.x[$2] else if (ret==-3) {printf("NQS:fi ERRb what?\n") return ret
                  } else ret=v[ret].x[$2]
              } else                    { printf("%s:fi WARNING 2nd arg ignored\n",this) }
          }
        return ret
      } else {
        if (!noerr) printf("%s.fi() ERR '%s' not found\n",this,$s1)
        return -1
      }
  }

//** find(STR) find the vector associated with a COL label
obfunc find () { local fl
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ")
    fl=fi($s1)
    if (fl==-2) { return scr 
      } else if (fl==-3) { return ind
      } else return cob.v[fl]
  }

//** mkind(COL) sort by COL and then use mkind to put index of a single col in cindx vector
obfunc mkind () { local fl
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ")
    if (cindx==nil) cindx=new Vector(1e3)
    if (argtype(1)==0) fl=$1 else fl=fi($s1)
    cindcol=fl
    sort(fl)
    v[fl].mkind(cindx)
    if (argtype(2)==1) $o2.copy(cindx)
    return cindx
  }

//** set("name",IND,VAL)
proc set () { local fl,ix,sel
    sel=0
    if (eqojt(cob,out)) { sel=1
        if (verbose) printf("NQS set() WARNING: setting value in Selected db\n") }
    if (argtype(1)==2) fl=fi($s1) else fl=$1
    ix=$2 
    if (fl==-1) return
    if (ix<0) ix=cob.v[fl].size+ix
    // 2 LINE 'SET' MACRO
    if        (ix> cob.v[fl].size) {  // nonexistent row
        printf("%s set ERRA: col %s size %d<%d\n",this,s[fl].s,v[fl].size,ix) return
      } else if (ix==cob.v[fl].size) {  // single col expansion
        if (sel) {printf("%s set() ERR: can't expand Selected db\n",this) return}
        cob.v[fl].resize(ix+1)
      }
    if (argtype(3)==0) { cob.v[fl].x[ix]=$3
      } else {
        if (argtype(3)==1) oval=$o3 else if (argtype(3)==2) sval=$s3
        cob.v[fl].x[ix]=newval(argtype(3),fl)
      }
  }

//** sets(IND,COLA,VAL[,COLB,VAL,...])
proc sets () { local fl,ix,i,sel,sz
    sel=0 ix=$1
    if (eqojt(cob,out)) { sel=1
        if (verbose) printf("NQS set() WARNING: setting value in Selected db\n") }
    if (ix>=cob.v.size){
        printf("NQS sets ERRA: OOB %s: %d (size %d)\n",this,v[0].size,cob.v.size) return }
    if (ix<0) ix=cob.v.size+ix
    for i=2,numarg() {
        if (argtype(i)==2) fl=fi($si) else fl=$i
        if (fl==-1) return
        i+=1 
        if (argtype(i)==0) { cob.v[fl].x[ix]=$i // shortcut
          } else { 
            if (argtype(i)==1) oval=$oi else if (argtype(i)==2) sval=$si
            cob.v[fl].x[ix]=newval(argtype(i),fl)
          }
      }
  }

//** setcol("name",VEC)
//   setcol(num,VEC)
//   setcol(num,"name",VEC)
//   setcol(num,"name",VEC,flag) // with flag==1 use pointer to vec instead of copying
scpflag=0
proc setcol () { local fl,flag localobj vo
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) { 
        printf("%s setcol() ERR: attempting to set column in Selected db\n",this)
        return  }
    if (argtype(1)==2) fl=fi($s1) else fl=$1
    if (fl==-1) return
    if (v[fl].size!=0) {
        sprint(sstr,"WARNING %s col not empty (size %d)",s[fl].s,v[fl].size)
        if (boolean_dialog(sstr,"Clear col","Cancel")) { v[fl].resize(0) } else {
            printf("%s (%s) setcol() canceled\n",this,s[fl].s) return  
          }}
    if (argtype(2)==2) { s[fl].s=$s2 
      } else if (argtype(2)==1) { 
        if (scpflag) v[fl].copy($o2) else v[fl]=$o2
        return 
      } else { sprint(tstr,"%d",$2) s[fl].s=tstr }
    if (numarg()>=3) vo=$o3
    if (numarg()>=4) flag=$4 else flag=0
    if (!flag || scpflag) v[fl].copy(vo) else v[fl]=vo
    chk()
  }

//** setcols(VEC1,VEC2,...) -- does either pointer or copy depending on scpflag
// setcols(LIST) -- does either pointer or copy depending on scpflag
// see also resize("NAME",vec, ...) for similar functionality
proc setcols () { local i,na,flag,sz
    sz=na=numarg() flag=0
    if (na==0) { scpflag=1-scpflag
        if (scpflag) printf("setcols() will copy vecs\n") else {
            printf("setcols() will use vec pointers\n") }
        return
      }
    if (na==1 && isobj($o1,"List")) {flag=1 sz=$o1.count}
    if (m==0) resize(sz)
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) { 
        printf("%s setcols() ERR: attempting to set column in Selected db\n",this)
        return  }
    if (!flag && na!=m) {
        printf("%s setcols() ERR: need %d not %d args\n",this,m,na)
        return  }
    if (flag) {
             if (scpflag) for i=0,m-1 v[i].copy($o1.o(i)) else for i=0,m-1 v[i]=$o1.o(i)
      } else if (scpflag) for i=1,m v[i-1].copy($oi)      else for i=1,m v[i-1]=$oi
    chk()
  }

//** newval(typ,col#) -- check if a value is already on the list and if not put it there
// usuall preceded by eg:
// if (argtype(i)==0) nval=$i else if (argtype(i)==1) oval=$oi else if (argtype(i)==2) sval=$si
// NB: makes a copy of a Vector or an NQS so DON'T do eg nq.append(new Vector())
func newval () { local ret,typ,ty,fl,ii localobj o
    typ=$1 fl=$2 ty=fcd.x[fl] // arg type may not be same as field type
    if (ty==typ || ty==-1 || (ty==11 && typ==2)) { // OK
      } else { printf("nqs::newval() ERRa %d statt %d\n",typ,ty) return ERR }
    if (typ==0 || ty==-1) { 
        return nval
      } else if (ty==1) { // object handling
        if (! isassigned(oval)) return -1
        if (isojt(oval,v)) { o=new Vector(oval.size) o.copy(oval) 
          } else if (isojt(oval,this)) { o=new NQS() o.cp(oval) 
          } else { printf("WARN: pointer to %s on %s fcdo\n",oval,this)
            for (ii=0;ii<fcdo.count;ii+=1) if (eqojt(fcdo.object(ii),oval)) return ii // already on list?
            o=oval      
          }
        return fcdo.append(o)-1
      } else if (ty==11) { // method handling
        for ({ii=0 ret=-1};ii<fcds.count;ii+=1) { 
            if (strcmp(fcds.object(ii).s,sval)==0) {ret=ii break}
          }
        if (ret==-1) ret=fcds.append(new String(sval))-1
        o=new Union(ret) // .x is pointer to the string
        return fcdo.append(o)-1
      } else if (ty==2) { // string handling
        for (ii=0;ii<fcds.count;ii+=1) { 
            Xo=fcds.object(ii)
            if (strcmp(Xo.s,sval)==0) return ii
          }
        return fcds.append(new String(sval))-1
      }
  }

//*** finval(col#,type,OP) find the location on list for an object or string
func finval () { local fl,typ,op,ii,ret
    fl=$1 typ=$2 op=$3 ret=-1
    if (fcd.x[fl]!=typ) { // doesn't handle fcd.x[]==-1
        printf("nqs::finval ERRa type mismatch; %d %d\n",fcd.x[fl],typ) return ERR }
    for ii=0,fcds.count-1 { Xo=fcds.object(ii)
        if (typ==2) { 
            if (strcmp(Xo.s,sval)==0) return ii
          } else {}
      }
    // if (ret==-1) printf("nqs::finval WARNING %s not found in string or object list\n",sval)
    return ret
  }

//*** rxpstr(col#,vec) find the location on list for an object
func rxpstr () { local fl
    fl=$1 $o3.resize(0)
    if (fcd.x[fl]!=2) {
        printf("nqs::rxpstr ERRa type mismatch; %d %d\n",fcd.x[fl],2) return -1 }
    for ii=0,fcds.count-1 if (strm(fcds.object(ii).s,$s2)) $o3.append(ii)
    return $o3.size
  }

//*** getval(col#,index) return type and value in nval,oval,sval as appropriate
// usually followed by eg
// if (typ==0) ... nval else if (typ==1) ... oval else if (typ==2) ... sval
func getval () { local typ,n,flag,fl,ix,ii
    fl=$1 ix=$2 flag=0
    typ=fcd.x[fl] // argtype
    if (typ==0) { 
        nval=ix
      } else if (typ==10) { 
        if (numarg()==3) nval=uncodf($3,ix) else {scr.resize(5) scr.uncode(ix)}
      } else if (typ==1) { // object handling
        if (ix>fcdo.count-1) {
            printf("nqs::getval() ERR fcdo index OOB %d, %d\n",ix,fcdo.count) return ERR 
          } else if (ix<0) {
            // printf("nqs::getval() WARNING empty obj ptr\n\t")
            sval="nil"
            typ=2
          } else oval = fcdo.object(ix)
      } else if (typ==2) { // string handling
        if (ix==-1) {
            sval="NULL"
          } else if (ix<0 || ix>fcds.count-1) {
            printf("nqs::getval() ERR index OOB %d, %d\n",ix,fcds.count) return ERR 
          } else sval=fcds.object(ix).s
      } else if (typ==-1) { // string from external list
        if (fcdl.count<=fl) {printf("%s getval ERRa\n",this) return -1}
        if (! isobj(fcdl.object(fl),"List")) {printf("%s getval ERRb\n",this) return -1}
        if (fcdl.object(fl).count<=ix) {printf("%s getval ERRc\n",this) return -1}
        if (ix==-1) sval="XX" else {
            if (!isobj(fcdl.object(fl).object(ix),"String")){printf("%s getval ERRd\n",this) return -1}
            sval=fcdl.object(fl).object(ix).s
          }
      }
    return typ
  }

//*** useslist() connects a list of strings to fcdl to use when printing
// fcdl: list of lists to make it easy to attach lists from outside
proc useslist () { local fl,ii
    if (argtype(1)==2) fl=fi($s1) else fl=$1
    if (fl==-1) return
    if (! isobj(fcdl,"List")) {fcdl=new List() out.fcdl=fcdl}
    if (fcdl.count!=m) for ii=fcdl.count,m-1 fcdl.append(fcdl) // use fcdl as placeholder
    fcdl.remove(fl) fcdl.insrt(fl,$o2)  // replace:fcdl.object(fl)=$o2
    fcd.x[fl]=-1
  }

//*** unuselist() connects a list of strings to fcdl to use when printing
// fcdl: list of lists to make it easy to attach lists from outside
proc unuselist () { local fl,ii
    if (argtype(1)==2) fl=fi($s1) else fl=$1
    if (fl==-1) return
    fcd.x[fl]=0
  }

//*** listvecs([LIST]) put the vecs in the list for use with eg uncode()
obfunc listvecs () { local ii,i,b localobj ol
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ")
    if (argtype(1)==1) {ol=$o1 b=2} else b=1
    if (!isassigned(ol)) { 
        ol=new List()
        if (argtype(1)==1) $o1=ol
      }
    ol.remove_all
    if (numarg()>=b) {
        for i=b,numarg() {
            if (argtype(i)==2) ii=fi($si) else ii=$i
            if (ii==-1) return
            ol.append(cob.v[ii])
          }
      } else {
        for ii=0,m-1 ol.append(cob.v[ii])
      }
    return ol
  }

//*** hash([COLA],[COLB] etc.) put the vecs in the list for use with eg uncode()
proc hash () { local ii,i,fl localobj o
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) {
        printf("hash() ERR: can't create hash col in 'Selected'\n") return }
    o=new List()
    if (numarg()==0) { // do all columns
        resize("hashall")
        for ii=0,m-2 o.append(v[ii])
      } else {
        tstr="hash"
        for i=1,numarg() {
            if (argtype(i)==0) fl=$i else fl=fi($si)
            if (fl==-1) return
            sprint(tstr,"%s_%s",tstr,s[fl].s)
            o.append(v[fl])
          }
        resize(tstr)
      }
    pad()
    v[m-1].hash(o)
  }

//*** mat=tomat([MAT]) put the cols in cols of matrix
// mat=tomat(MAT,1) or mat=tomat(1) puts the cols in rows of matrix
obfunc tomat () { local ii,transpose,fo,sz localobj mat
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ")
    fo=transpose=0 sz=size(1)
    if (numarg()>=1) {
        if (argtype(1)==0) transpose=$1 else {mat=$o1 fo=1}
      } 
    if (numarg()>=2) transpose=$2
    if (!isassigned(mat)) { 
        if (transpose) mat=new Matrix(m,sz) else mat=new Matrix(sz,m)
        if (fo) $o1=mat
      } else {
        if (transpose) mat.resize(m,sz) else mat.resize(sz,m)
      }
    if (transpose) {for ii=0,m-1 mat.setrow(ii,cob.v[ii])
      } else          for ii=0,m-1 mat.setcol(ii,cob.v[ii])
    return mat
  }

//*** frmat(MAT) gets cols from cols of matrix
// frmat(MAT,1)  gets the cols from rows of matrix
proc frmat () { local ii,transpose,rows,cols localobj mat
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) {printf("frmat() ERR cannot reset 'Selected' to matrix\n") return}
    fo=transpose=0
    mat=$o1
    if (numarg()>=2) transpose=$2
    rows=mat.nrow cols=mat.ncol
    if (transpose) {
        if (cols!=size(1)) pad(cols)
        if (rows!=m) resize(rows)
        for ii=0,m-1 mat.getrow(ii,cob.v[ii])
      } else {
        if (rows!=size(1)) pad(rows)
        if (cols!=m) resize(cols)
        for ii=0,m-1 mat.getcol(ii,cob.v[ii])
      }
  }

//*** prtval() use %g or %s to print values
proc prtval () { local i,typ,flag,otmp localobj f1
    if (argtype(1)==0) {typ=$1 flag=0 i=2} else {f1=$o1 flag=1 typ=$2 i=3}
    // oform() returns a double for printing an object
    if (typ==1 && isassigned(oval)) {
        otmp=oform(oval)
        if (otmp==NOP) {       typ=1
          } else if (otmp==OK) { return // print nothing since being printed as side effect
          } else {               typ=0 nval=otmp // print a single numeric value
          }
      }
    if (typ==0) sstr=dblform else sstr=strform
    if (numarg()==i) { 
        sprint(sstr,"%s%s",sstr,$si)
      } else if (numarg()==i+1) {
        sprint(sstr,"%s%s",$si,sstr) i+=1 sprint(sstr,"%s%s",sstr,$si)
      }
    if (flag) {
             if (typ==0) { f1.printf(sstr,nval)
        } else if (typ==1) { f1.printf(sstr,oval) 
        } else if (typ==2) { f1.printf(sstr,sval) 
        } else if (typ==10) { for ii=0,4 f1.printf("%d ",scr.x[ii])
        } else if (typ==-1) { f1.printf(sstr,sval) } // special code for externally provided list
      } else {
             if (typ==0) { printf(sstr,nval)
        } else if (typ==1) { printf(sstr,oval) 
        } else if (typ==2) { printf(sstr,sval) 
        } else if (typ==10) { for ii=0,4 printf("%d ",scr.x[ii])
        } else if (typ==-1) { printf(sstr,sval) } // special code for externally provided list
      }
  }

//** get("name",[IND]]) if omit IND take ind from first ind.x[0]
obfunc get () { local ty,fl,ix,outf localobj lo
    outf=0
    if (argtype(1)==0) { fl=$1 sstr2=s[fl].s
      } else if (argtype(1)==2) { fl=fi($s1) sstr2=$s1 }
    if (fl==-1) { return lo }
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) { outf=1 
        if (verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") }
    if (numarg()==1) {
        if (outf) ix=0 else ix=ind.x[0]
      } else ix=$2
    if (ix<0 || ix>=cob.v[fl].size) {
        printf("%s::get ERR ix %d out of range for %s (%s)\n",this,ix,sstr2,cob) return lo }
    ty=fcd.x[fl]
    if (ty==0) {lo=new Union(cob.v[fl].x[ix]) if (numarg()==3) $&3=lo.x
      } else if (ty==1) {lo=new Union(fcdo,cob.v[fl].x[ix]) if (numarg()==3) $o3=lo.o
      } else if (ty==11) {lo=methget(fl,cob.v[fl].x[ix])  if (numarg()==3) $o3=lo.o
      } else if (ty==2) {lo=new Union(fcds,cob.v[fl].x[ix])  if (numarg()==3) $s3=lo.s
      } else if (ty==-1){lo=new Union(fcdl.object(fl),cob.v[fl].x[ix]) if (numarg()==3) $o3=lo.o}
    return lo
  }

//** mget(row,col) 
obfunc mget () { local ty,fl,ix,outf localobj lo
    outf=0
    ix=$1 fl=$2 
    if (ix<0 || ix>=cob.v[fl].size) {printf("%s::get ERR no %d,%d\n",this,fl,ix) return lo}
    ty=fcd.x[fl]
    if (ty==0) {lo=new Union(cob.v[fl].x[ix]) if (numarg()==3) $&3=lo.x
      } else if (ty==1) {lo=new Union(fcdo,cob.v[fl].x[ix]) if (numarg()==3) $o3=lo.o
      } else if (ty==2) {lo=new Union(fcds,cob.v[fl].x[ix])  if (numarg()==3) $s3=lo.s
      } else if (ty==11) {lo=methget(fl,cob.v[fl].x[ix])  if (numarg()==3) $o3=lo.o
      } else if (ty==-1){lo=new Union(fcdl.object(fl),cob.v[fl].x[ix]) if (numarg()==3) $o3=lo.o}
    return lo
  }

//** mset(row,col) 
proc mset () { local ty,fl,ix,outf localobj lo
    outf=0
    ix=$1 fl=$2 
    if (ix<0 || ix>=cob.v[fl].size) {printf("%s::get ERR no %d,%d\n",this,fl,ix) return}
    ty=fcd.x[fl]
    if (ty==0) cob.v[fl].x[ix]=$3 else \
    if (ty==1) fcds.o(cob.v[fl].x[ix])=$o3 else \
    if (ty==2) fcds.o(cob.v[fl].x[ix]).s=$s3 else \
    if (ty==-1)fcdl.object(fl).o(cob.v[fl].x[ix])=$o3
  }

//** fetch(COLA,VAL,COLB) does fast select where COLA is VAL and returns value in COLB
// fetch(COLA,VAL) return the row number
// fetch(COLA,VAL,COLB,XO) places COLB object in XO
// ambiguity -- if 1,3 args can fetch from full db or selected else must do select first
func fetch () { local fl1,fl2,max,i localobj st,v0
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) if (verbose) printf(" *Selected* ")
    if (numarg()==1) {
        if (argtype(1)==2) fl1=fi($s1) else fl1=$1
        return cob.v[fl1].x[0]
      } else if (numarg()==2) { // return the index
        if (argtype(1)==2) fl1=fi($s1) else fl1=$1
        if ((i=cob.v[fl1].indwhere("==",$2))<0){
            printf("fetch ERR %d not found in %s\n",$2,s[fl1].s) return -1 }
        return i
      } else if (numarg()==3 || argtype(4)==1) {
        if (argtype(1)==2) fl1=fi($s1) else fl1=$1
        if (argtype(3)==2) fl2=fi($s3) else if (argtype(3)==0) fl2=$3 else {v0=$o3 fl2=-1}
        if ((i=cob.v[fl1].indwhere("==",$2))<0) {
            printf("fetch ERR %d not found in %s\n",$2,s[fl1].s) return -1 }
        if (fl2>=0) {
            if (numarg()==4) $o4=fcdo.o(cob.v[fl2].x[i])
            return cob.v[fl2].x[i] 
          } else { // return row as a vector
            v0.resize(0) for (ii=0;ii<m;ii+=1) v0.append(cob.v[ii].x[i])
            return cob.v[0].x[i]
          }
      } else {
        st=new String("select(-1,")
        for i=1,numarg()-1 {
            if (argtype(i)==0) sprint(st.s,"%s%g,",st.s,$i) else sprint(st.s,"%s\"%s\",",st.s,$si)
          }
        chop(st.s) sprint(st.s,"%s)",st.s)
        execute(st.s,this)
        i=numarg()
        if (argtype(i)==0) fl2=$i else fl2=fi($si)
        if (ind.size!=1 && verbose) printf("NQS fetch WARNING -- %d lines found\n",ind.size)
        if (ind.size>0) return v[fl2].x[ind.x[0]] else return ERR
      }
  }

//** stat("COL","operation")
//   stat("COL",VEC) // save into a vector: max,min,mean,sdev
//   stat(NQS) // save all of them into another NQS
proc stat () { local i,vn
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    if (numarg()==0) {
        for i=0,m-1 { printf("%s:\t",s[i].s) stat(i) } // recursive call
        return
      }
    if (argtype(1)==1) {
        $o1.resize(5)
        $o1.sethdrs("NAME","MAX","MIN","MEAN","SDEV") 
        $o1.strdec("NAME")
        $o1.clear
        for i=0,m-1 { 
            stat(i,scr[1]) // recursive call
            $o1.append(scr[1],1)
            $o1.set(0,i,s[i].s)
          }
        return
      }
    if (argtype(1)==0) vn=$1 else vn=fi($s1)
    i=2
    if (cob.size(1)<2) { printf("NQS:stat small NQS: %d\n",cob.size(1)) ok=0 } else ok=1
    if (vn==-2) {
        sprint(sstr2,"%s",cob.scr) 
      } else if (vn<0||vn>=m) {
        return
      } else if (fcd.x[vn]==10) { 
        scr[1].resize(cob.v.size)
        field=$i i+=1
        cob.v[vn].uncode(scr[1],field)
        sprint(sstr2,"%s",scr[1]) 
      } else if (fcd.x[vn]==1) { // looking at a list of vectors
    //if (oform()==NOP){printf("%s:stat ERR: set oform() to do stats on vectors or nqs\n",this)return}
        scr[1].resize(0)
        for ii=0,cob.v[vn].size-1 scr[1].append(oform(fcdo.o(cob.v[vn].x[ii])))
        sprint(sstr2,"%s",scr[1]) 
      } else {
        sprint(sstr2,"%s",cob.v[vn])
      }
    if (numarg()<i) {
        sprint(sstr,   "printf(\"max=%%g; \",%s.max) ",sstr2)
        sprint(sstr,"%s printf(\"min=%%g; \",%s.min) ",sstr,sstr2)
        if (ok) sprint(sstr,"%s printf(\"mean=%%g; \",%s.mean) ",sstr,sstr2)
        if (ok) sprint(sstr,"%s printf(\"stdev=%%g; \",%s.stdev) ",sstr,sstr2)    
        execute(sstr)
        print ""
      } else if (argtype(i)==1) { // a vector
        $oi.resize(0)
        if (ok) {$oi.append(cob.v[vn].max,cob.v[vn].min,cob.v[vn].mean,cob.v[vn].stdev)
          } else  {$oi.append(cob.v[vn].max,cob.v[vn].min,cob.v[vn].min,0) }
      } else if (!ok) { return
      } else for (;i<=numarg();i+=1) {
        if (strm($si,"[(][)]$")) {
            sfunc.left($si,sfunc.len($si)-2)
            sprint(sstr,"printf(\"%s()=%%g; \",%s(%s))",$si,$si,sstr2)
          } else sprint(sstr,"printf(\"%s=%%g; \",%s.%s)",$si,sstr2,$si)
        execute(sstr)
        print ""
      }
  }

//** iterator it() iterates over columns
// set's global tstr and XO to string bzw vec
iterator it () { local ii
    i2=0
    for ii=0,m-1 {
        XO=cob.v[ii] execstr=s[ii].s
        iterator_statement
        i2+=1
      }
  }

//** iterator ot() creates names for each col (same as col header) and goes through them all
iterator ot () { local i,na,val
    if (! isobj(otl,"List")) { // create list to execute
        otl=new List()
        for i=0,m-1 { 
            Xo=new String(s[i].s)
            if (fcd.x[i]==2) {
                varstr(Xo.s,1) 
                sprint(Xo.s,"%s=%s.fcds.object(%s.cob.v[%d].x[i2]).s",Xo.s,this,this,i)
              } else {
                varstr(Xo.s) 
                sprint(Xo.s,"%s=%s.cob.v[%d].x[i2]",Xo.s,this,i)
              }
            otl.append(Xo)
          }
        Xo=nil
      }
    for (i2=0;i2<cob.v[0].size;i2+=1) {
        for i=0,m-1 execute(otl.object(i).s)
        iterator_statement
      }
  }

//** iterator qt(&x1,NAME1,&x2,NAME2,...) 
// qt(&x1,NAME1,&x2,NAME2,...,&x)  
// qt(&x1,NAME1,&x2,NAME2,...,5,7,&x) // just from 5 to 7
// qt(&x1,NAME1,&x2,NAME2,...,8) // ending at 8
// note &x arg location is opposite to that for ltr
// eg for sp.qt(&x,"PRID",&y,"POID",&z,"NC1",&ii,"WID1",&jj,"WT1") print x,y,z,ii,jj
// NB set qtset if resetting values
iterator qt () { local a,i,j,ii,na,val,noset,min,max,cntr localobj cols,cd
    na=numarg()
    cols=new Vector() cd=new Vector()
    min=0 max=size(1)-1
    if (argtype(na)==3) {i=cntr=na $&i=0 na-=1} else cntr=-1
    if (argtype(na-1)==0) { // 2 values for min and max
          i=na-1 min=$i i=na max=$i na-=2
      }
    if (na/2!=int(na/2)) { // odd number
        if (argtype(na)==0) { i=na max=$i na-=1 
          } else {printf("%s::qt() needs even # of args\n",this) return }
      }
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
  //*** pick up column numbers
    for (i=2;i<=na;i+=2) { 
        if (argtype(i)!=2) val=$i else val=fi($si)
        cols.append(val) // cols has col #s
        if (val<0 || val>=m) { if (argtype(i)==2) printf("(%s)",$si)
            printf("%s::qt() ERR %d not found\n",this,val) return }
      }
    cd.copy(fcd)          // cd gives codes for col's
  //*** pick up the arguments
    for (i=1;i<=na;i+=2) { 
        // can't do iteration over externally defined strings (eg -1) see useslist()
        if (cols.x[int(i/2)]<0) continue
        if (cd.x[cols.x[int(i/2)]]!=0) { 
            if (argtype(i)==3) {
                printf("NQS::qt() WARNING using list index statt str for col %s\n",s[cols.x[int(i/2)]].s) 
                cd.set(cols.x[int(i/2)],0)
              }
          }
        if (cd.x[cols.x[int(i/2)]]==2 && argtype(i)!=2) {
            printf("%s::qt() ERR %s is strdec but arg %d not string\n",this,s[cols.x[int(i/2)]].s,i) return }
        if (cd.x[cols.x[int(i/2)]]==1 && argtype(i)!=1) {
            printf("%s::qt() ERR %s is odec but arg %d not obj\n",this,s[cols.x[int(i/2)]].s,i) return }
      }
  //*** iterate through setting local variables to values in NQS
    for (ii=min;ii<=max;ii+=1) {
        for (i=1;i<=na;i+=2) { j=cols.x[int(i/2)]
            if (cd.x[j]==0) {
                $&i=cob.v[j].x[ii]
              } else if (cd.x[j]==2) {
                $si=fcds.object(cob.v[j].x[ii]).s
              } else if (cd.x[j]==1) {
                $oi=fcdo.object(cob.v[j].x[ii])
              } else {
                printf("%s qt ERRA: %d %d\n",this,i,j)
                continue
              }
          }
        // for i=0,m-1 qtv.x[i]=v[i].x[ii] // if want these values need a separate vector
        iterator_statement
    //*** if qtset -> iterate through resetting NQS according to changed variables
        if (qtset) for (i=1;i<=na;i+=2) { j=cols.x[int(i/2)]
            if (cd.x[j]==0) {
                cob.v[j].x[ii]=$&i
              } else if (cd.x[j]==2) {
                fcds.object(cob.v[j].x[ii]).s=$si
              } else if (cd.x[j]==1) {
                if (!eqojt(fcdo.object(cob.v[j].x[ii]),$oi)) {
                    printf("%s qt ERRB: can't reassign obj: %d %s %s\n",this,\
                           i,fcdo.object(cob.v[j].x[ii]),$oi)
                  }
              }
          }
        if (cntr>-1) {i=cntr $&i+=1}
      }
    qtset=0 // turn back off
  }


//** iterator ut(&x1,NAME1,&x2,NAME2,...) 
// like qt but iterates over selected items without a copy (ie with selcp=0)
// ut(&x1,NAME1,&x2,NAME2,...,&x)  
// ut(&x1,NAME1,&x2,NAME2,...,5,7,&x) // just from 5 to 7
// ut(&x1,NAME1,&x2,NAME2,...,8) // ending at 8
// note &x arg location is opposite to that for ltr
// eg for sp.ut(&x,"PRID",&y,"POID",&z,"NC1",&ii,"WID1",&jj,"WT1") print x,y,z,ii,jj
// NB set qtset if resetting values
iterator ut () { local a,i,j,ii,jj,na,val,noset,min,max,cntr localobj cols,cd
    na=numarg()
    a=allocvecs(cols,cd)
    min=0 max=ind.size-1
    if (argtype(na)==3) {i=cntr=na $&i=0 na-=1} else cntr=-1
    if (argtype(na-1)==0) { // 2 values for min and max
          i=na-1 min=$i i=na max=$i na-=2
      }
    if (na/2!=int(na/2)) { // odd number
        if (argtype(na)==0) { i=na max=$i na-=1 
          } else {printf("%s::ut() needs even # of args\n",this) return }
      }
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) {printf("NQS WARNING: ut() called after full select(); switching\n") 
        cob=this }
  //*** pick up column numbers
    for (i=2;i<=na;i+=2) { 
        if (argtype(i)!=2) val=$i else val=fi($si)
        cols.append(val) // cols has col #s
        if (val<0 || val>=m) { if (argtype(i)==2) printf("(%s)",$si)
            printf("%s::ut() ERR %d not found\n",this,val) return }
      }
    cd.copy(fcd)          // cd gives codes for col's
  //*** pick up the arguments
    for (i=1;i<=na;i+=2) { 
        // can't do iteration over externally defined strings (eg -1) see useslist()
        if (cols.x[int(i/2)]<0) continue
        if (cd.x[cols.x[int(i/2)]]!=0) { 
            if (argtype(i)==3) {
                printf("NQS::ut() WARNING using list index statt str for col %s\n",s[cols.x[int(i/2)]].s) 
                cd.set(cols.x[int(i/2)],0)
              }
          }
        if (cd.x[cols.x[int(i/2)]]==2 && argtype(i)!=2) {
            printf("%s::ut() ERR %s is strdec but arg %d not string\n",this,s[cols.x[int(i/2)]].s,i) return }
        if (cd.x[cols.x[int(i/2)]]==1 && argtype(i)!=1) {
            printf("%s::ut() ERR %s is odec but arg %d not obj\n",this,s[cols.x[int(i/2)]].s,i) return }
      }
  //*** iterate through setting local variables to values in NQS
    for (jj=min;jj<=max;jj+=1) { ii=ind.x[jj]
        for (i=1;i<=na;i+=2) { j=cols.x[int(i/2)]
            if (cd.x[j]==0) {
                $&i=cob.v[j].x[ii]
              } else if (cd.x[j]==2) {
                $si=fcds.object(cob.v[j].x[ii]).s
              } else if (cd.x[j]==1) {
                $oi=fcdo.object(cob.v[j].x[ii])
              } else {
                printf("%s ut ERRA: %d %d\n",this,i,j)
                continue
              }
          }
        iterator_statement
    //*** if qtset -> iterate through resetting NQS according to changed variables
        if (qtset) for (i=1;i<=na;i+=2) { j=cols.x[int(i/2)]
            if (cd.x[j]==0) {
                cob.v[j].x[ii]=$&i
              } else if (cd.x[j]==2) {
                fcds.object(cob.v[j].x[ii]).s=$si
              } else if (cd.x[j]==1) {
                if (!eqojt(fcdo.object(cob.v[j].x[ii]),$oi)) {
                    printf("%s ut ERRB: can't reassign obj: %d %s %s\n",this,\
                           i,fcdo.object(cob.v[j].x[ii]),$oi)
                  }
              }
          }
        if (cntr>-1) {i=cntr $&i+=1}
      }
    dealloc(a)
    qtset=0 // turn back off
  }

//** iterator vt("proc",&x1,NAME1,&x2,NAME2,...) 
proc vt () { local a,i,j,ii,na,val,noset,min,max,cntr localobj cols,cd,at
    na=numarg()
    a=allocvecs(cols,cd)
    min=0 max=size(1)-1
    if (argtype(na)==3) {i=cntr=na $&i=0 na-=1} else cntr=-1
    if (argtype(na-1)==0) { // 2 values for min and max
          i=na-1 min=$i i=na max=$i na-=2
      }
    if (na/2==int(na/2)) { // odd number
        if (argtype(na)==0) { i=na max=$i na-=1 
          } else {printf("%s::vt() needs odd # of args\n",this) return }
      }
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) { printf(" vt() err: run .vt() on full set") return }
  //*** pick up column numbers
    for i=2,na { 
        if (argtype(i)!=2) val=$i else val=fi($si)
        cols.append(val) // cols has col #s
        if (val<0 || val>=m) { if (argtype(i)==2) printf("(%s)",$si)
            printf("%s::vt() ERR %d not found\n",this,val) return }
        if (fcd.x[val]!=0 && fcd.x[val]!=1) {
            printf("%s::vt() ERR %d not handled (%d)\n",this,fcd.x[va],val) return }
      }
  //*** iterate through setting local variables to values in NQS
    sprint(tstr,"%s.nqsvt(\"%s\",%s,%s,%s,%s)",cols,$s1,fcdo,fcd,vl,ind)
    execute(tstr)
    dealloc(a)
  }

//** calc() spread-sheet functionality using vector functions
// takes a compound expression utilizing column names in slant brackets <>
// anything quoted can use either ' or \"
// eg sp.calc("<DIST>.c.mul(DELD).add(DEL)")
proc calc () { local ii,vn,exec
    if (numarg()==0) { 
        printf("eg calc(\"<SCR>.copy(<COL1>.c.mul(<COL2>).add(5))\") \ntakes a compound expression utilizing column names in slant brackets <>\nanything quoted can use either ' slash quote.\n")
        return 
      } else sstr=$s1
    exec=1
    if (argtype(2)==2) if (strcmp($s2,"NOEXEC")==0) exec=0
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    while (sfunc.tail(sstr,"<",sstr2)!=-1) {
        sfunc.head(sstr2,">",sstr2)
        if (strcmp(sstr2,"SCR")==0) { 
            sprint(sstr3,"%s",cob.scr)
          } else if (isnum(sstr2)) {
            sscanf(sstr2,"%d",&vn)
            sprint(sstr3,"%s",cob.v[vn])
          } else if ((vn=fi(sstr2))==-1) {
            return // error 
          } else {
            sprint(sstr3,"%s",cob.v[vn])      
          }
        sprint(sstr2,"<%s>",sstr2)
        repl_mstr(sstr,sstr2,sstr3,sstr4)
      }
    repl_mstr(sstr,"'","\"",sstr4)
    if (exec) execute(sstr)
  }

//** sort () sort according to one index
func sort () { local beg,ii,vn
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    if (argtype(1)==0) vn=$1 else vn=fi($s1)
    if (vn<0||vn>=m) return -1
    if (fcd.x[vn]==1) {
        cob.scr.resize(0)
        for ii=0,cob.v[vn].size-1 cob.scr.append(oform(fcdo.o(cob.v[vn].x[ii])))
        if (cob.scr.x[0]==NOP) { // looking at a list of vectors
            printf("NQS:sort ERR define oform to sort obj field %s\n",s[vn].s) return 0 }
        cob.scr.sortindex(cob.ind)    
      } else {
        cob.v[vn].sortindex(cob.ind)
      }
    if (numarg()==2) if ($2==-1) cob.ind.reverse
    fewind()
    return vn
  }  

//** vsort(vec) sort according to vec which may have redundancy
func vsort () { local beg,ii,x localobj o
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    o=$o1
    if (numarg()==2) if ($2==-1) o.reverse
    cob.scr.resize(cob.v.size)
    for (beg=0;beg<m;beg+=50) { // fewind() can only handle vecst.mod:VRRY vecs at a time
        tmplist.remove_all
        for (ii=beg;ii<beg+50 && ii<m;ii+=1) tmplist.append(cob.v[ii])
        x=cob.scr.fewind(o,tmplist,1)
      }      
    return x
  }  

//** percl ("FIELD",n %ile) check whether the first n% of the vector are in the top n %ile
// usage -- reverse sort according to 1 field and then ask if other field is in top n %ile
func percl () { local beg,ii,vn,nile,sz
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    if (argtype(1)==0) vn=$1 else vn=fi($s1)
    if (vn<0||vn>=m) return -1
    sz=cob.v[vn].size
    nile=int($2*sz/100)
    scr[1].copy(cob.v[vn]) scr[1].sort() scr.resize(0) scr.copy(scr[1],sz-nile-1,sz-1)
    scr.reverse() // the top n-ile percentile
    scr[2].resize(0) scr[2].copy(cob.v[vn],0,nile) // the first set of values from NQS
    // scr[1].insct(scr,scr[2])    // find all common values
    for ii=0,scr[2].size-1 if (scr.contains(scr[2].x[ii])) return ii // which one is top of scr[2]
    return -1
  }  

// family("COLA",val,"COLB","COLC")
// pick out rows that have are same as row with "COLA" val except that COLB COLC
//  etc. can be anything
func family () { local a,i,ii,vn,va,nile,sz,om localobj key,arg
    tog("DB") // start at full db
    a=allocvecs(key,arg)
    sz=size(1)
    tmplist.remove_all arg.resize(0) key.resize(0)
    if (select(-1,$s1,$2)!=1) printf("WARNING: NQS family found more than 1 %s=%g\n",$s1,$2)
    va=fi($s1)
    scr.resize(0) scr.append(va)
    for i=3,numarg() scr.append(fi($si))
    for i=0,m-1 if (! scr.contains(i)) {
        tmplist.append(v[i])
        key.append(EQU) 
        arg.append(v[i].x[ind.x[0]],0)
      }
    ind.resize(v.size)
    ind.slct(key,arg,tmplist) // run select function
    if (ind.size>0) {
        out.ind.copy(ind) 
        aind()
        cob=out
      } else if (verbose) printf("None selected\n") 
    dealloc(a)
    return ind.size
  }  

// psel(%ile,"COLA","COLB","COLC")
// psel("COLA",%ileA,"COLB",%ileB,"COLC",%ileC)
// neg %ile means bottom -- eg 10 is largest 10% and -10 is smallest 10%
// return top percentile in these columns
func psel () { local a,i,ii,vn,nile,sz,om localobj key,arg
    tog("DB") // start at full db
    a=allocvecs(key,arg)
    om=numarg()-1
    sz=size(1)
    tmplist.remove_all arg.resize(0) key.resize(0)
    if (argtype(1)==0) {
        if (int($1*sz/100)==0) { printf("%s pselERR: unable %d%% of %d\n",this,$1,sz)
            return -1 }
        key.resize(om)
        if ($1>0) { 
            nile=sz-int($1*sz/100) 
            key.fill(GTE) 
          } else { 
            nile=-int($1*sz/100)
            key.fill(LTE) 
          }
        for i=2,numarg() { 
            if (argtype(i)==0) vn=$i else vn=fi($si)
            if (vn<0||vn>=m) return -1
            tmplist.append(v[vn])
            scr[1].copy(v[vn])
            scr[1].sort()
            arg.append(scr[1].x[nile],0) // 2nd arg for GTE ignored
            if (verbose) printf("%s:%g ",$si,scr[1].x[nile])
          }
      } else for i=1,numarg() { 
        tstr=$si
        vn=fi($si)      i+=1
        if (int($i*sz/100)==0) { printf("NQS psel(): WARNING: ignoring %d%% of %d\n",$i,sz)
            continue }
        if (vn<0||vn>=m) return -1
        tmplist.append(v[vn])
        scr[1].copy(v[vn])
        scr[1].sort()
        if ($i>0) { 
            nile=sz-int($i*sz/100) 
            key.append(GTE) 
          } else { 
            nile=-int($i*sz/100)
            key.append(LTE) 
          }
        arg.append(scr[1].x[nile],0) // 2nd arg for GTE ignored
        if (verbose) printf("%s:%g ",tstr,scr[1].x[nile])
      }
    ind.resize(v.size)
    ind.slct(key,arg,tmplist) // run select function
    if (ind.size>0) {
        out.ind.copy(ind) 
        aind()
        cob=out
      } else if (verbose) printf("None selected\n") 
    if (verbose) print ""
    dealloc(a)
    return ind.size
  }  

//** uniq(COLNAME) will pick out unique row (1st) for the chosen column
func uniq () { local vn
    if (! eqobj(cob,out)) {printf("Only run NQS:uniq() on prior selected set.\n") return -1}
    vn=sort($s1)
    cob.ind.resize(cob.v.size)
    cob.ind.redundout(cob.v[vn],1)
    fewind()
    return cob.ind.size
  }

//** elimrepeats(COLA[,COLB,...])
func elimrepeats () { local a,b,i,ii,indflag localobj sl,tl,v1
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) {printf("%s ERR: run elimrepeats on full db\n",this)  return 0.}
    if (size(1)==0) { printf("%s:elimirepeats Empty NQS\n",this) return 0.}
    a=allocvecs(v1) b=1 indflag=0
    sl=new List() tl=new List()
    if (numarg()==0) {
        for ii=0,m-1 { sl.append(v[ii]) v1.append(ii) }
        b=numarg()+1
      } else if (argtype(1)==0) if ($1==-1) {b=2 indflag=1}
    for i=b,numarg() {
        if (argtype(i)==0) ii=$i else if ((ii=fi($si))==-1) return 0
        sl.append(v[ii])
        v1.append(ii)
      }
    for ii=0,m-1 if (!v1.contains(ii)) tl.append(v[ii])
    for (ii=v1.size-1;ii>=0;ii-=1) sort(v1.x[ii]) // sort them in the reverse order of calling
    ii=ind.mredundout(sl,indflag,tl)
    dealloc(a)
    return ii
  }

//** covarc("vCol") -- generate covariance matrix from vectors in a single column
obfunc covarc () { local a,fl,n,m localobj mat,xo,v1
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    if ((fl=fi($s1))==-1) return -1
    if (fcd.x[fl]!=1) {printf("Must be an obj column\n") return -1}
    xo=get(fl,0).o
    if (!isojt(xo,ind))  {printf("Must be an vec column\n") return -1}
    n=size(1) // number of data vectors
    m=xo.size    // size of vector 
    a=allocvecs(v1)
    mat=new Matrix(m,m)
    cob.v[fl].covar(fcdo,v1)
    mat.from_vector(v1)
    dealloc(a)
    return mat
  }

//** tomatc("vCol") -- return matrix of vectors from a single column; load into rows of mat
obfunc tomatc () { local a,fl,n,m,ii localobj mat,xo,v1
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    if ((fl=fi($s1))==-1) return -1
    if (fcd.x[fl]!=1) {printf("Must be an obj column\n") return -1}
    xo=get(fl,0).o
    if (!isojt(xo,ind))  {printf("Must be an vec column\n") return -1}
    n=size(1) // number of data vectors
    m=xo.size    // size of vector 
    mat=new Matrix(n,m)
    for qt(xo,fl,&ii) mat.setrow(ii,xo)
    return mat
  }

//** shuffle()
proc shuffle () { local a,b,i,ii,indflag localobj sl,tl,v1
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ")
    if (size(1)==0) { printf("%s:shuffle Empty NQS\n",this) return}
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) out.ind.copy(ind)
    rdmord(cob.ind,cob.v.size)
    fewind()
  }

//** fewind () -- index all of the vecs in place using vecst.mod::fewind()
proc fewind () {
    cob.scr.resize(cob.v.size)
    for (beg=0;beg<m;beg+=50) { // fewind() can only handle vecst.mod:VRRY vecs at a time
        tmplist.remove_all
        for (ii=beg;ii<beg+50 && ii<m;ii+=1) tmplist.append(cob.v[ii])
        cob.scr.fewind(cob.ind,tmplist)
      }      
    cob.ind.resize(0) // prevents reusing it
  }

//** aind () -- index all of the vecs into out list
proc aind () { local beg,ii
    for (beg=0;beg<m;beg+=10) {
        tmplist.remove_all vlist.remove_all
        for ii=beg,beg+10 if (ii<m) {
            out.v[ii].resize(ind.size)
            tmplist.append(v[ii])
            vlist.append(out.v[ii])
          }
        ind.findx(tmplist,vlist)
      }      
  }  

//** append(VEC[,begin]) appends to ends of given vectors
// append(x1,x2,...); append(NQS)
proc append () { local ii,jj,i,flag,begin,o1fcd localobj xo
    cob=this
    if (m==0) { printf("%s append ERR0, attempted append to uninitialized NQS\n",this) return }
    if (argtype(1)==1 && fcd.x[0]!=1) {
        if (isobj($o1,"Vector")) { // a vector of values
            if (numarg()>1) begin=$2 else begin=0
            if (begin+$o1.size>m) { 
                printf("%s append ERR1: vec %s too large; doing nothing: %d>%d",this,$o1,begin+$o1.size,m)
              } else {
                for i=begin,begin+$o1.size-1 v[i].append($o1.x[i-begin])
              }
          } else if (isobj($o1,"NQS")) { // another NQS to add onto end
            if ($o1.m != m) { 
                printf("%s append ERR1a, %s size %d!= %s size %d?\n",this,this,m,$o1,$o1.m)
                return }
            for ii=0,m-1 { 
                o1fcd=$o1.fcd.x[ii]
                if (o1fcd==0) { v[ii].append($o1.cob.v[ii])
                  } else for jj=0,$o1.size(1)-1 { 
                    xo=$o1.get(ii,jj)
                    if (o1fcd==1) oval=xo.o else sval=xo.s
                    v[ii].append(newval(o1fcd,ii))
                  }
              }
          } else { printf("%s append ERR1b, what is %s?\n",this,$o1) }
        return
      }
    if (argtype(1)==2) if ((ii=fi($s1,"NOERR"))!=-1) { // a field name
        for i=1,numarg() { 
            if ((ii=fi($si))==-1) return  
            i+=1 
            if (argtype(i)==0) {
                v[ii].append($i)
              } else {
                if (argtype(i)==1) oval=$oi else if (argtype(i)==2) sval=$si
                v[ii].append(newval(argtype(i),ii))
              }
          }
        return
      }
    if (numarg()>m) { printf("%s append ERR2: args>m; doing nothing\n",this) return }
    if (numarg()<=m) {
        if (numarg()<m) printf("NQS::append() WARNING only filling %d/%d cols for %s\n\tuse NQS.pad",numarg(),m,this)
        for ii=0,numarg()-1 {
            i=ii+1
            if (argtype(i)==0) {
                v[ii].append($i)
              } else { 
                if (argtype(i)==1) oval=$oi else if (argtype(i)==2) sval=$si
                v[ii].append(newval(argtype(i),ii))
              }
          }
        return
      }
  }

//** appi(index,VEC) or append(index,x1,x2,...) appends to ends of vectors starting at index
proc appi () { local i,ix,n
    cob=this 
    if (argtype(1)==2) ix=fi($s1) else ix=$1
    if (numarg()==2 && argtype(2)==1 && fcd.x[ix]==0) { // a vector
        if ($o2.size>m-ix) { 
            printf("%s appi ERR1: vec too large; doing nothing %d %d %d %d\n",this,m,$o2.size,ix,m-ix)
          } else {
            n=-1
            for i=ix,ix+$o2.size-1 v[i].append($o2.x[n+=1])
          }
      } else {
        if (numarg()-1>m-ix) {
            printf("%s appi ERR2: args>m; doing nothing",this)
            return
          } 
        for i=2,numarg() {
            if (argtype(i)==0) { 
                v[ix+i-2].append($i)
              } else {
                if (argtype(i)==1) oval=$oi else if (argtype(i)==2) sval=$si
                v[ix+i-2].append(newval(argtype(i),ix+i-2))
              }
          }
      }
  }

//** map(FUNC,arg1,...) map $s1 command to other args, replacing strings with vectors as found
// eg nqs.map("gg",0,"volt","cai",2)
proc map () { local i,agt,wf
    if (numarg()==0) { 
        printf("map(FUNC,arg1,...) apply function to args using names for columns.\n")
        return }
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    sprint(sstr,"%s(",$s1) // the command
    wf=0
    for i=2,numarg() { // the args
        agt=argtype(i)
        if (agt==0) {
            sprint(sstr,"%s%g,",sstr,$i)
          } else if (agt==1) {
            sprint(sstr,"%s%s,",sstr,$oi)
          } else if (agt==2) {
            if ((vn=fi($si))==-1) {
                sprint(sstr,"%s\"%s\",",sstr,$si) 
                printf("NQS.map WARNING: including raw string: %s\n",$si) wf=1
              } else if (fcd.x[vn]==1) { // look at a list of obj's
                cob.scr.resize(0)
                for ii=0,cob.v[vn].size-1 cob.scr.append(oform(fcdo.o(cob.v[vn].x[ii])))
                if (cob.scr.x[0]==NOP) {
                    printf("map WARNING: oform not set for %s interp; replacing with fcdo indices\n",$si)
                    cob.scr.copy(cob.v[vn])
                  }
                sprint(sstr,"%s%s,",sstr,cob.scr) 
              } else if (vn==-2) { // code for scr vector
                sprint(sstr,"%s%s,",sstr,cob.scr) 
              } else {
                sprint(sstr,"%s%s,",sstr,cob.v[vn]) 
              }
          } else { printf("argtype %d for arg %d not implemented for NQS:map\n",agt,i) return }
      }
    chop(sstr) sprint(sstr,"%s)",sstr)
    if (wf && !batch_flag) if (boolean_dialog(sstr,"CANCEL","EXECUTE")) return
    // print sstr
    execute(sstr)
  }

//*** gr() use map to graph
// need to assign .crosshair_action so can do visual select procedure
proc gr () { local i,nm,gn,col,lne,f3d,y,x,done localobj symb
    nm=numarg() gn=0 f3d=-1
    col=2 lne=4
    done=0
    if (sfunc.len(marksym)==0) marksym="o"
  
    if (nm==0) { print "gr(\"Y\"[,\"X\",Z,g#,col,line])" return
      } else if (nm==1) {  map("gg",0,$s1,1,col,lne)               done=1
      } else if (nm==2 && argtype(2)==2) {  map("gg",0,$s1,$s2,col,lne)             done=1 }
    if (argtype(2)==2) i=3 else i=2
    if (! done)  {
        if (argtype(3)==2) f3d=fi($si) else i-=1
        i+=1 if (i<=nm) gn=$i 
        i+=1 if (i<=nm) col=$i 
        i+=1 if (i<=nm) lne=$i 
        if (f3d!=-1) {
            if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
            if (!gvmarkflag) {printf("%s gr ERR: 3D and gvmarkflag=0\n",this) return}
            y=fi($s1) x=fi($s2)
            if (lne==1) lne=2 else lne-=2 // will augment below
            if (x==-1 || y==-1) {printf("%s gr ERR: %s,%s not fi()\n",this,$s1,$s2) return}
            for i=0,cob.v.size-1 {
                if (i%9==0) lne+=2
                g[gn].mark(cob.v[x].x[i],cob.v[y].x[i],marksym,lne,cob.v[f3d].x[i]%9+1,4)
              }
          } else if (argtype(2)==2) {
            map("gg",gn,$s1,$s2,col,lne)
          } else {
            print gn,col,lne
            map("gg",gn,$s1,1,col,lne)
          }
      }
    g[gn].color(col)
  //  g[gn].label(0.05,0.95,$s1)
  //  if (nm>=2) g[gn].label(0.85,0.05,$s2)
    g[gn].color(1)
    if (argtype(2)==2) {
        setgrsel(g[gn],fi($s1),fi($s2))
        setchsel(g[gn],fi($s1),fi($s2))
      }
  }

//** grsel(): CTL-hit == Crosshair
//            SHT-hit == resize
//            hit-drag-release == show in square
//            SHT-hit-drag-release == show new thing there
// Type: press (2), drag (1), release (3)
// Keystate: META-SHT-CTL eg 101=5 is META-CTL
proc setgrsel () {
    $o1.menu_remove("Selector")
    sprint(tstr,"proc p(){grsel($1,$2,$3,$4,%d,%d)}",$2,$3)
    execute1(tstr,this)
    $o1.menu_tool("Selector", "p")
  }

proc setchsel () {
    sprint(tstr,"proc q(){chsel($1,$2,$3,%d,%d)}",$2,$3)
    execute1(tstr,this)
    $o1.crosshair_action("q")
  }

grsbegx=grsbegy=1e9
proc grsel () { local type, x0, y0, keystate, fl1,fl2,sel
    type=$1 x0=$2 y0=$3 keystate=$4 fl1=$5 fl2=$6
    if (type==3) {
        if (grsbegx==1e9) { // no drag was done
            if ((sel=select(fl2,"~",x0,fl1,"~",y0))!=0) {
                pr()
              } else print "Can't find ",s[fl2].s,"~ ",x0,s[fl1].s,"~ ",y0
          } else { // consider a rectangle
            order(&grsbegx,&x0) order(&grsbegy,&y0)
            if ((sel=select(fl2,"[]",grsbegx,x0,fl1,"[]",grsbegy,y0))!=0) {
                if (keystate==0) { grsel2() 
                  } else if (keystate==3) {  // CTL or SHIFT alone are being used by fvwm2
                    pr() // print grsbegx,x0,grsbegy,y0
                  }
              } else printf("Can't find %s %g-%g; %s %g-%g\n",s[fl2].s,grsbegx,x0,s[fl1].s,grsbegy,y0)
            grsbegx=grsbegy=1e9
          }
      } else if (type==1 && grsbegx==1e9) {grsbegx=x0 grsbegy=y0 }
  }

// order(&x,&y) returns the values in order
proc order () { local tmp
    if ($&2<$&1) { tmp=$&2 $&2=$&1 $&1=tmp }
  }

proc chsel () { local ascii, x0, y0,  fl1,fl2,sel
    x0=$1 y0=$2 ascii=$3 fl1=$4 fl2=$5
    if ((sel=select(fl2,"~",x0,fl1,"~",y0))!=0) {
        if (ascii==32) { chsel2()
          } else pr()
      } else print "Can't find ",s[fl2].s,"~ ",x0,s[fl1].s,"~ ",y0
  }

//** apply function or .op to every selected vector -- ignore return val, see applf
proc apply () { local i,fl
    if (numarg()==0) { 
        printf("apply(FUNC,COL1,...) apply function or .op to every selected vector.\n")
        printf("must be function, not proc, since will return value.\n")
        return }
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    if (numarg()==1) for i=0,m-1 { // apply to all vectors
        if (strm($s1,"^\\.")) sprint(sstr,"%s%s"  ,cob.v[i],$s1) else {
                                sprint(sstr,"%s(%s)",$s1,cob.v[i]) }
        execute(sstr)
      } else for i=2,numarg() {
        if (argtype(i)==0) fl=$i else if ((fl=fi($si))==-1) return
        if (fl==-2) sprint(sstr2,"%s",cob.scr) else sprint(sstr2,"%s",cob.v[fl]) 
        if (strm($s1,"^\\.")) sprint(sstr,"%s%s"  ,sstr2,$s1) else {
                                sprint(sstr,"%s(%s)",$s1,sstr2) }
        execute(sstr)
      }
  }

//** applf(FUNC,COL) function or .op which returns a value
func applf () { local min,max,a,i,fl,ret,na,flag localobj v1,v2
    na=numarg()
    if (na==0) { 
        printf("applf(FUNC,'COLA'[,...,vec]) apply function or .op to selected cols.\n")
        printf("applf(FUNC,vec) apply function or .op to all cols.\n")
        printf("with more than one column need a final vector to copy results to\n")
        printf("must use function, not proc, since will keep return value.\n")
        return -1 }
    a=allocvecs(v1,v2)
    v1.resize(1)
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ")
    if (argtype(na)==1) {flag=na na-=1} else flag=0 // flag to copy onto an output vector
    if (na==1) { min=0 max=m-1 } else { min=2 max=na } 
    for i=min,max {
        if (na==1) { fl=i
          } else {if (argtype(i)==0) fl=$i else if ((fl=fi($si))==-1) return -1}
        if (fl==-2) sprint(sstr2,"%s",cob.scr) else sprint(sstr2,"%s",cob.v[fl]) 
        if (strm($s1,"^\\.")) sprint(sstr,"%s.x[0]=%s%s"  ,v1,sstr2,$s1) else {
                                sprint(sstr,"%s.x[0]=%s(%s)",v1,$s1,sstr2) }
        execute(sstr)
        v2.append(v1.x[0])
      }
    if (flag) {i=flag $oi.copy(v2)}
    ret=v2.x[0]
    dealloc(a)
    return ret
  }

//** fill(NAME,val[,NAME1,val1 ...])
// fill each selected vector with next arg
func fill () { local i,fl,fl2,x
    if (numarg()==0) { 
        printf("fill(NAME,val[,NAME1,val1 ...])\n\tfill each selected vector with val\nval can be num, vector, or other col name\n")
        return -1}
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    for i=1,numarg() { 
        fl=fi($si) i+=1
        if (fl==-1) return -1
        field=0
        if (fcd.x[fl]==10) { // code field
            field=$i i+=1
          }
        if (argtype(i)==0) {
            if (field>0) cob.v[fl].uncode(field,$i) else cob.v[fl].fill($i)
          } else if (argtype(i)==1) {
            if (!isobj($oi,"Vector")){
                printf("%s:fill() ERRa: only fill with vector: %s\n",this,$oi) return -1}
            if ($oi.size!=cob.v.size){
                printf("%s:fill() ERRb: wrong vec size: %d!=%s:%d\n",this,cob.v.size,$oi,$oi.size) return -1}
            if (field>0) cob.v[fl].uncode(field,$oi) else cob.v[fl].copy($oi)
          } else if (argtype(i)==2) {
            fl2=fi($si,"NOERR")
            if (fl2== -1) { // add this string to this field?
                if (fcd.x[fl]==2) {
                    sval=$si
                    x=newval(2,fl)
                    cob.v[fl].fill(x)
                  } else {
                    printf("%s:fill() ERRc: trying to fill field %s with string %s\n",this,s[fl].s,$si)
                    return -1
                  }
              } else if (field>0) {
                     cob.v[fl].uncode(field,cob.v[fl2]) 
              } else cob.v[fl].copy(cob.v[fl2])
            i+=1
          }
      }
    return cob.v[fl].size
  }

//** fillin(NAME,val[,NAME1,val1 ...])
// fill in place according to indices in ind -- use with selcp==0
// can also do after a regular select() ie selcp==1 and avoid needing a delect
proc fillin () { local i,fl
    if (numarg()==0) { 
        printf("fillin(NAME,val[,NAME1,val1 ...])\n\tfill selected vectors in place\n")
        printf("\tuse after select(-1,...) eg selcp==0\n")
        return 
      }
    scr.resize(0)
    for (i=2;i<=numarg();i+=2) scr.append($i)
    tmplist.remove_all
    for (i=1;i<=numarg();i+=2) {
        if (argtype(i)==2) { 
            if ((fl=fi($si))==-1) return
          } else fl=$i
        tmplist.append(v[fl])
      }
    ind.sindv(tmplist,scr)
  }

//** fillv(NAME,v1[,NAME1,v2 ...])
// fill from vectors v1,v2,..., places in ind -- use with selcp=0
proc fillv () { local i,fl
    if (numarg()==0) { 
        printf("fillv(NAME,vec1[,NAME1,vec2 ...])\n\tfill selected vectors from vectors\n")
        printf("\tuse after select() with selcp==0\n")
        return 
      }
    tmplist.remove_all vlist.remove_all
    for (i=1;i<=numarg();i+=2) {
        if (argtype(i)==2) { 
            if ((fl=fi($si))==-1) return
          } else fl=$i
        tmplist.append(v[fl])
      }
    for (i=2;i<=numarg();i+=2) vlist.append($oi)
    ind.sindx(tmplist,vlist)
  }

//** pr() print out vectors
// eg pr("COLA","COLB",3,7)
// last args are max or min-max rows
// first set of args can be any of: col_names, file object, file name (not same as col name),
//      vector giving col numbers
func pr () { local ii,i,min,max,na,flag,jj,e,fout,sz,nohdr
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    if (m==0) {printf("%s EMPTY",this) return 0}
    scr[1].resize(0)
    nohdr=fout=flag=min=0 max=cob.v.size-1 na=numarg()
    nohdr=noheader
    if (argtype(na)==0 && argtype(na-1)==0) {  // pick up the limits first
        i=na na-=2
        max=$i i-=1 min=$i 
      } else if (argtype(na)==0) {
        i=na na-=1
        if ($i>=0) max=$i else min=max+$i // allow printing the end
      } 
    for i=1,na {
        if (argtype(i)==1) {  
            if (isobj($oi,"Vector")) {      flag=1 // column indices in a vector
                scr[1].copy($oi) 
              } else if (isobj($oi,"File")) { fout=1
              } else { printf("NQS::pr() Unknown object: %s\n",$oi) return 0 }
          } else if (argtype(i)==2) {
            if (fi($si,"NOERR")!=-1) { // column identifier to pick up
                scr[1].append(fi($si)) flag=1 
              } else if (strcmp($si,"NOHEADER")==0) { nohdr=1
              } else if (strm($si,"[<>]")) { flag=2  // something to calculate
              } else { // assume it's a file name
                if (fout) { fi($si) return 0 } // already picked up a filename
                if (!tmpfile.wopen($si)) printf("%s:Can't open %s for printing\n",this,$si)
                fout=1 
                printf("==== WARNING: printing ascii to file %s ====\n",$si)
              }
          }
      }
    if (flag==0) scr[1].indgen(0,m-1,1) // didn't pick up any columns
    if (scr[1].min<0 || scr[1].max>m-1) { printf("NQS:pr() bad col values: ") vlk(scr[1]) return 0 }
    if (max>size(1)){ max=size(1)-1
        printf("NQS:pr WARNING: %d rows requested but %s size=%d\n",max,this,size(1)) }
    if (min>size(1)){printf("NQS:pr ERROR: %s size=%d < min %d\n",this,size(1),min) return 0}
    if (!fout && flag!=2) print ""
    if (flag==2) {
        calc($s1,"NOEXEC")
        sprint(sstr,"XO=%s",sstr)
        execute(sstr)
        vlk(XO,min,max)
      } else {
        sz=scr[1].size-1
        if (!nohdr) { for i=0,sz {
              ii=scr[1].x[i]
              if (ii==-1) return -1
              if (fout) {
                  if (ii<0) tmpfile.printf("%s\t",is[-ii].s) else tmpfile.printf("%s(%d)\t",s[ii].s,ii)
                } else {
                  if (ii<0) printf("%s\t",is[-ii].s) else printf("%s(%d)\t",s[ii].s,ii)
                }
            } if (fout) tmpfile.printf("\n") else printf("\n") }
        for jj=min,max {
            for i=0,sz { ii=scr[1].x[i]
                if (ii==-2) { printf(dblform,cob.scr.x[jj]) 
                  } else if (ii==-3) { 
                    if (fout) tmpfile.printf(dblform,cob.ind.x[jj]) else printf(dblform,cob.ind.x[jj])
                  } else {
                    if (fout) { prtval(tmpfile,(e=getval(ii,cob.v[ii].x[jj])),tabform) 
                      } else if (sz) { prtval(   (e=getval(ii,cob.v[ii].x[jj])),tabform) 
                      } else {         prtval(   (e=getval(ii,cob.v[ii].x[jj])),tabform)  }
                    if (e==ERR) return ERR
                  }
              }
            if (fout) tmpfile.printf("\n") else if (sz) print "" else printf(" ")
          }
      }
    if (fout) tmpfile.close
    return 0
  }

//** prs() print out vectors
// eg prs("COLA","COLB",3,7)
func prs () { local ii,i,min,max,na,flag,jj,kk,e,fout,sz,nohdr
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) printf("NQS WARNING: prs() called after full select(); switching\n")
    cob=this
    if (m==0) {printf("%s EMPTY",this) return 0}
    nohdr=flag=min=0 max=ind.size-1 na=numarg()
    if (na>=2) { 
        if (argtype(na-1)==0) { 
            i=na na-=2
            max=$i i-=1 min=$i 
            flag=1 // took care of numbers
          }} 
    if (!flag && na>=1) { 
        if (argtype(na)==0) { 
            i=na na-=1
            if ($i>=0) max=$i else min=max+$i // allow printing the end
          }
      } 
    // reuse flag -- means printing only certain cols
    fout=flag=0 i=1 // fout==1 means print out to file
    if (na>=1) if (argtype(1)==2) if (fi($s1,"NOERR")==-1) { // call it a file name
        if (!tmpfile.wopen($s1)) printf("%s:Can't open %s for printing\n",this,$s1)
        fout=1 i+=1
        printf("==== WARNING: printing ascii to file %s ====\n",$s1)
        if (numarg()==2) if (argtype(2)==2) if (strcmp($s2,"NOHEADER")==0) {nohdr=1 i+=1}
      }
    if (na>=i) if (argtype(i)==2 || argtype(i)==1) flag=1 // column names
    if (max>ind.size()){ max=ind.size()-1
        printf("NQS:prs WARNING: %d rows requested but %s size=%d\n",max,this,ind.size()) }
    if (min>size(1)){printf("NQS:prs ERROR: %s size=%d < min %d\n",this,size(1),min) return 0}
    if (!fout) print ""
    if (flag) {
        scr[1].resize(0)
        if (argtype(i)==1) scr[1].copy($oi) else for (;i<=na;i+=1) scr[1].append(fi($si)) 
        sz=scr[1].size-1
        if (!nohdr) { for i=0,sz {
              ii=scr[1].x[i]
              if (ii==-1) return -1
              if (fout) {
                  if (ii<0) tmpfile.printf("%s\t",is[-ii].s) else tmpfile.printf("%s(%d)\t",s[ii].s,ii)
                } else {
                  if (ii<0) printf("%s\t",is[-ii].s) else printf("%s(%d)\t",s[ii].s,ii)
                }
            } if (fout) tmpfile.printf("\n") else printf("\n") }
        for kk=min,max { jj=ind.x[kk]
            for i=0,sz { ii=scr[1].x[i]
                if (ii==-2) { printf(dblform,cob.scr.x[jj]) 
                  } else if (ii==-3) { 
                    if (fout) tmpfile.printf(dblform,cob.ind.x[jj]) else printf(dblform,cob.ind.x[jj])
                  } else {
                    if (fout) { prtval(tmpfile,(e=getval(ii,cob.v[ii].x[jj])),tabform) 
                      } else if (sz) { prtval(   (e=getval(ii,cob.v[ii].x[jj])),tabform) 
                      } else {         prtval(   (e=getval(ii,cob.v[ii].x[jj])),tabform)  }
                    if (e==ERR) return ERR
                  }
              }
            if (fout) tmpfile.printf("\n") else if (sz) print "" else printf(" ")
          }
      } else {
        if (!nohdr) {
            if (fout) for ii=0,m-1 tmpfile.printf("%4.4s(%d)  ",s[ii].s,ii) else {
                for ii=0,m-1 printf("%4.4s(%d)  ",s[ii].s,ii) }
            if (fout) tmpfile.printf("\n") else print ""
          }
        for kk=min,max { jj=ind.x[kk]
            for ii=0,m-1 { 
                if (fout) prtval(tmpfile,e=getval(ii,cob.v[ii].x[jj]),tabform) else {
                    prtval(        e=getval(ii,cob.v[ii].x[jj]),"") 
                    printf("(%d)%s",ii,tabform)
                  }
                if (e==ERR) return  ERR
              }
            if (fout) tmpfile.printf("\n") else print ""
          }
      }
    if (fout) tmpfile.close
    return max-min+1
  }

//** prn() print out single index from vectors
proc prn () { local jj,ii,ix,max,e
    ix=$1
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    if (numarg()==2) max=$2 else max=ix
    for jj=ix,max {
        if (jj<0 || jj>=cob.v[0].size) { 
            printf("prn: Index out of range (%d)\n",cob.v[0].size) return }
        for ii=0,m-1 {
            printf("%s:",s[ii].s)
            prtval(e=getval(ii,cob.v[ii].x[jj])," ")
            if (e==ERR) return
          }
        print ""
      }
  }

//** zvec() -- clear -- resize all the vectors to 0
proc clear () { if (numarg()==1) zvec($1) else zvec() }
proc zvec () { local ii
    cob=this
    // fcds.remove_all fcds.append(new String("`EMPTY'"))
    if (isassigned(fcdo)) fcdo.remove_all
    for ii=0,m-1 { 
        if (numarg()==1) { v[ii].resize($1) v[ii].fill(0) }// resize the buffer if desirable
        v[ii].resize(0) 
      }
  }

//** pad() -- bring all vectors up to same length (of v[0])
func pad () { local sz,ii
    sz=-1
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    if (numarg()==1) sz=$1 else for ii=0,m-1 if (cob.v[ii].size>sz) sz=cob.v[ii].size
    for ii=0,m-1 { 
        // if (v[ii].size>sz) printf("NQS.pad WARNING: neg padding %d\n",ii)
        cob.v[ii].resize(sz)
      }
    return sz
  }

//** size() -- return num of vectors and size of each vector
func size () { local ii,sz,fl,sum
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    if (m==0) { print "0 x 0" return 0 } // empty
    sz=cob.v.size fl=0
    for ii=1,m-1 if (cob.v[ii].size!=sz) {fl=ii break}
    if (numarg()==1) {
        if ($1==2) {
            tog("DB") sum=0
            printf("\t%d cols x %d rows",m,sum+=v.buffer_size)
            for ii=1,m-1 printf(",%d",cob.v[ii].buffer_size)
            if (out!=nil) {
                printf("\nOUT:\t%d cols x %d rows",m,sum+=out.v.buffer_size)
                for ii=1,m-1 printf(",%d",sum+=out.v[ii].buffer_size)
              }
            printf("\nApprox. usage: %g kB\n",sum*8/1e3)
          } else if ($1==1 && fl && !noheader) { // warn about discrepant sizes
            printf("%s size WARN: cols are not same length: %s:%d %d\n",this,s[fl].s,cob.v[fl].size,sz) }
      } else { // print basic info when have no args
        printf("%d cols x %d rows",m,cob.v.size)
        if (fl) for ii=1,m-1 printf(",%d",cob.v[ii].size)
        print ""
      }
    return cob.v.size
  }

//** resize(#cols[,#rows]) -- augment or dec the number of vectors
// resize("LABEL1","LABEL2",...)
// resize("LABEL1",VEC1,"LABEL2",VEC2) ... put on some vecs of same size
// resize("COL1","COL2"...) if these col names already exist just make a new copy of col
// resize(NQS) -- a horizontal 'append'
func resize () { local oldsz,newsz,i,ii,jj,kk,vsz,na,appfl,o1m,padfl
    cob=this padfl=0
    na=numarg()
    vsz=-1
    if (argtype(na)==2) { i=na
        if (strcmp($si,"PAD")==0) { padfl=1 na-=1 }
      }
    if (na==1) { 
        if        (argtype(1)==0) { 
            appfl=0 
            if ($1<0) newsz=m+$1 else newsz=$1 
          } else if (argtype(1)==2) { 
            newsz=m+1 appfl=2 
          } else if (argtype(1)==1) { // an NQS
            if (size(1)!=$o1.size(1)) {
                printf("NQS resize(NQS) warning: rows differ %d %d\n",size(1),$o1.size(1))}
            o1m=$o1.m
            newsz=m+o1m
            appfl=3
          }
      } else {
        if (argtype(1)==0 && argtype(2)==0) { 
            newsz=$1 appfl=0 
            vsz=$2
          } else if (argtype(1)==2 && argtype(2)==2) { 
            newsz=m+na appfl=2
          } else {
            if (int(na/2)!=na/2) { printf("%s Resize ERR: require even # of args",this)  return -1}
            newsz=m+numarg()/2
            appfl=1
          }
      }
    oldsz=m
    if (m==newsz) { printf("No resize -- same size: %s\n",this) 
        return m
      } else if (newsz>m) {
        tmplist.remove_all vlist.remove_all
        for ii=0,m-1 { 
            tmplist.append(v[ii]) tmplist.append(s[ii]) 
            tmplist.append(out.v[ii])
          }
        objref v[newsz],s[newsz]
        if (isassigned(out)) out.resize2(newsz) // create vectors for .out
        jj=-1
        for ii=0,m-1 { 
            v[ii]=tmplist.object(jj+=1) out.s[ii]=s[ii]=tmplist.object(jj+=1) 
            out.v[ii]=tmplist.object(jj+=1)
          }
        for ii=m,newsz-1 { 
            v[ii]=new Vector() out.s[ii]=s[ii]=new String() 
            out.v[ii]=new Vector()
          }
        out.m=m=newsz
        tmplist.remove_all
      } else {
        for (ii=m-1;ii>=newsz;ii-=1) { out.v[ii]=v[ii]=nil out.s[ii]=s[ii]=nil }
        out.m=m=newsz
      }
    x.resize(m) x.fill(0) fcd.resize(m)
    out.x.resize(m) out.x.fill(0) out.fcd=fcd
    if (vsz>=1) for ii=0,m-1 v[ii].resize(vsz)
    if (appfl==1) { // append
        for (ii=1;ii<=na;ii+=2) { i=ii
            if (argtype(i)!=2) { printf("%s RESIZE ERR: arg %d should be str\n",this,i) return -1}
            s[oldsz+(ii-1)/2].s=$si  i+=1
            if (argtype(i)==0) { 
                if ($i>0) v[oldsz+(ii-1)/2].resize($i)
              } else if (argtype(i)==1) { 
                v[oldsz+(ii-1)/2].copy($oi)
              } else {  printf("%s RESIZE ERR2: arg %d should be num or obj\n",this,i) return -1}
          }
      } else if (appfl==2) { 
        for (i=1;i<=na;i+=1) {
            if (argtype(i)!=2) { printf("%s RESIZE ERR3: arg %d should be str\n",this,i) return -1}
            tstr=$si
            if ((jj=fi(tstr,"EXACT"))!=-1) {
                while (fi(tstr,"EXACT")!=-1) sprint(tstr,"%s0",tstr) // find unique name
              }
            kk=oldsz+i-1
            s[kk].s=tstr
            if (jj>=0) { 
                if (fcd.x[jj]==1) {
                    if (verbose) printf("NQS::Resize: converting OBJ Col '%s' to DBL Col '%s'\n",$si,tstr) 
                    v[kk].resize(v[jj].size)
                    for ii=0,v[jj].size-1 v[kk].x[ii]=oform(fcdo.o(v[jj].x[ii]))
                  } else {
                    if (verbose) printf("NQS::Resize copying Col %s to %s\n",$si,tstr) 
                    v[kk].copy(v[jj]) 
                  }
              }
          }
      } else if (appfl==3) {
        for i=0,o1m-1 {
            tstr=$o1.s[i].s
            while (fi(tstr,"NOERR")!=-1) sprint(tstr,"%s0",tstr)
            s[oldsz+i].s=tstr
            v[oldsz+i].copy($o1.v[i])
          }
      }
    chk()
    if (padfl) pad()
    cob=this
    return m
  }

// for resizing the vector for .out
proc resize2 () { local newsz
    newsz=$1
    objref v[newsz],s[newsz]
  }

// grow(NQS) append NQS of same size to this one
func grow () { local ii
    if (m==0) { cp($o1)
      } else if (m!=$o1.m) { printf("%s,%s off different size: %d %d\n",this,$o1,m,$o1.m) return 0 
      } else if (eqobj(cob,out)) {printf("%s ERR: run grow on full db\n",this)  return 0.
      } else for ii=0,m-1 v[ii].append($o1.v[ii])
    return v.size
  }

//** keepcols("LABEL1",...)
func keepcols () { local i,fl
    scr.resize(0)
    for i=1,numarg() {
        if (argtype(i)==2) { 
            if ((fl=fi($si))==-1) return -1 
          } else fl=$i
        scr.append(fl)
      }
    for (i=m-1;i>=0;i-=1) if (! scr.contains(i)) delcol(i)
    return m
  }

//** delcol("LABEL1"[,"LABEL2",...])
func delcol () { local ii,i,a localobj v1
    tog("DB") // start at full db
    a=allocvecs(v1)
    if (numarg()==1 && argtype(1)==1) {
        v1.copy($o1)
      } else for i=1,numarg() {
        if (argtype(i)==2) { if ((fl=fi($si))==-1) return -1 } else fl=$i
        v1.append(fl)
      }
    v1.sort v1.reverse // get rid of last ones first
    for i=0,v1.size-1 { fl=v1.x[i]
        if (fl>m-1 || fl<0) { printf("%s ERR: delcol OOB:%d\n",this,fl)  dealloc(a) return -1 }
        for (ii=fl;ii<m-1;ii+=1) { 
            v[ii]=v[ii+1] s[ii]=s[ii+1] 
            out.s[ii]=s[ii+1] 
          }
        v[m-1]=nil s[m-1]=nil 
        out.v[m-1]=nil out.s[m-1]=nil 
        x.remove(fl) fcd.remove(fl)
        if (isobj(fcdl,"List")) fcdl.remove(fl)
        m -= 1
      }
    out.m=m
    dealloc(a)
    return m
  }

//** delrow(#)
func delrow () { local ii,jj,kk
    if (numarg()==1) {
        if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
        kk=$1
        if (kk<0 || kk>=cob.v.size) {printf("delrow %d OOR (%d)\n",kk,cob.v.size-1) return -1}
        for ii=0,m-1 cob.v[ii].remove(kk)
      } else { // remove selected
        tog("DB")
        if (ind.size>1) {
            sprint(sstr,"Remove %d rows from main table?",ind.size)
            if (!boolean_dialog(sstr,"OK","Cancel")) { print "Cancelled" return -1 }
          }
        for ii=0,m-1 for (jj=ind.size-1;jj>=0;jj-=1) { kk=ind.x[jj]
            v[ii].remove(kk)
          }
      }
    return v.size
  }

//** getrow(#[,vec])
// getrow("COL",val[,vec]) // return 1st row where "COL" is val
obfunc getrow () { local i,ii,ix,fl,flag localobj v1
    if (argtype(2)==0) { // fetch first matching row according to arg
        if (argtype(1)==2) fl=fi($s1) else fl=$1
        if (fl==-1) return
        if (numarg()==3) v1=$o3 else v1=new Vector()
        v1.resize(m)
        v[fl].fetch($2,vl,v1)
      } else {
        if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
        ix=$1 i=2
        if (argtype(i)==1) {v1=$oi i+=1} else v1=new Vector()
        v1.l2p(cob.vl,ix)
        for (ii=0;argtype(i)!=-1 && ii<v1.size;{i+=1 ii+=1}) if (argtype(i)==3) $&i=v1.x[ii]
      }
    return v1
  }

//** getcol("name") getcol("name",1) returns pointer
// getcol("name"[,VEC]) copies to VEC
// getcol("name",0) -- copies to new vector and returns it
obfunc getcol () { local a,fl,ii localobj v1,vo,l
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    if (argtype(1)==2) fl=fi($s1) else fl=$1
    if (fl==-1) return nil
    v1=vo=cob.v[fl]   //  default returns pointer
    if (fcd.x[fl]==1) {
        if (oform(fcdo.o(vo.x[0]))==NOP) {
            printf("NQS getcol Warning: returning indices for an object field\n")
          } else if (oform(fcdo.o(vo.x[0]))==OK) {
            l=new List()
            for ii=0,vo.size-1 l.append(fcdo.o(vo.x[ii]))
            return l
          } else {
            v1=new Vector(vo.size)
            for ii=0,vo.size-1 v1.x[ii]=oform(fcdo.o(vo.x[ii]))
            if (argtype(2)==1) {$o2.copy(v1) v1=$o2}
          }
      } else if (argtype(2)==0) {
        if ($2==0) v1=vo.c
      } else if (argtype(2)==1) { // copy into a preexisting vector
        v1=$o2
        v1.copy(vo)
      }
    return v1
  }

//** getsel("name"[,vec]) returns the select(-1,...) values
obfunc getsel () { local ii,fl localobj v1
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) printf("NQS WARNING: getsel() called after full select()\n")
    if (argtype(1)==2) fl=fi($s1) else fl=$1
    if (fl==-1) return v1
    if (numarg()<2) v1=new Vector(ind.size) else {v1=$o2 v1.resize(ind.size)}
    for ii=0,ind.size-1 v1.x[ii]=v[fl].x[ind.x[ii]]
    return v1
  }

//** renamecol("LABEL1","NEWNAME") -- rename column
func renamecol () { local oldsz
    if (argtype(1)==2) { 
        if ((fl=fi($s1))==-1) return 1
      } else fl=$1
    s[fl].s=$s2
    out.s[fl].s=$s2
    return 1
  }

//** renamecols("LABEL1","LABEL2"...) -- rename all column
proc renamecols () { local oldsz,i
    if (numarg()<m) printf("Renaming only %d/%d cols\n",numarg(),m)
    for i=1,numarg() s[i-1].s=$si
  }

//** sv(FNAME[,APPEND]) save the NQS
// to sv selected -- NQS.select(...) NQS.cp(NQS.out,1) NQS.sv()
proc sv () { local i,j,cd1,vers,a,aflag
    aflag=cd1=0 // flags cd1=1 -- no single value vec compression;
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf("==== WARNING: Saving selected only ====\n") 
    a=allocvecs(1)
    if (numarg()>0) file=$s1 else aflag=2
    if (numarg()>=2) aflag=$2
    if (numarg()>=3) cd1=$3 // 1:flag for not compressing
    if (aflag==2) { // will just continue saving in the current file
      } else if (aflag==1) { tmpfile.aopen(file)
      } else {
        if (tmpfile.ropen(file)) {
            if (batch_flag) {
                printf("NQS sv WARNING overwriting %s\n",file)
              } else if (!boolean_dialog("File exists","Overwrite","Cancel")) { 
                  print "Cancelled" return
              }
          }
        if (! tmpfile.wopen(file)) { printf("%s: can't open file\n",this) return }
      }
    mso[a].resize(m) mso[a].fill(0)
    // will be saved without full vectors
    if (cd1==0) for i=0,m-1 if (cob.v[i].ismono(0) && cob.v[i].size>10) {
        cd1=2 // 2 flag for using compression
        mso[a].x[i]=1
      }
    if (isassigned(fcdo)) foc=fcdo.count else foc=-1
    vers=version(1) // will assist for identifying file type if change format in future
    savenums(m,fcds.count,(cnt=fcd.count(-1)),foc,size(1),cd1,vers,noheader,0) // extra for codes
    wrvstr(file) wrvstr(comment)
    if (!noheader) for i=0,m-1 wrvstr(s[i].s)
    fcd.vwrite(tmpfile)
    for i=0,fcds.count-1 wrvstr(fcds.object(i).s)
    for i=0,foc-1 {
        if (isojt(fcdo.object(i),v)) { 
            fspitchar(1,tmpfile)  // 1 for vector
            fcdo.o(i).vwrite(tmpfile)
          } else if (isojt(fcdo.object(i),this)) { 
            fspitchar(2,tmpfile)  // 2 for NQS
            fcdo.o(i).sv()
          } else {
            printf("NQS:sv() WARNING: Can't save obj %s for %s\n",fcdo.o(i),this)
            fspitchar(0,tmpfile) // 0 for nil
          }
      }
    if (cnt>0) for i=0,fcd.size-1 if (fcd.x[i]==-1) { 
        savenums(fcdl.object(i).count)
        for j=0,fcdl.object(i).count-1 wrvstr(fcdl.object(i).object(j).s)
      }
    for i=0,m-1 {
        if (cd1==2 && mso[a].x[i]==1) {
            savenums(-1e9,cob.v[i].size,cob.v[i].x[0])
          } else if (fcd.x[i]==10) {
            cob.v[i].vwrite(tmpfile,4) // must save CODE fully
          } else {
            cob.v[i].vwrite(tmpfile,svsetting)
          }
      }
    x.vwrite(tmpfile)
    if (aflag!=2) tmpfile.close 
    dealloc(a)
  }


//** rd(FNAME[,FLAG]) read format saved by sv()
// flag==2 - only read header
func rd () { local n,hflag,cd1,cd3,cd4,ii,oco
    hflag=0 cob=this
    if (numarg()>=1) if (argtype(1)==2) {
        if (!tmpfile.ropen($s1)) { printf("%s: can't open file %s\n",this,$s1) return 0 }
      } // else continue reading from current point in file
    if (numarg()>=2) hflag=$2 // only read header 
    cnt=fc=foc=0 
    // backward compatible -- if only 2 vals then cnt=0, cd1-4 unused at present
    n=readnums(&ii,&fc,&cnt,&foc,&v0sz,&cd1,&svvers,&cd3,&cd4)
    if (n<9) v0sz=cd1=svvers=cd3=cd4=-1
    if (cd1==2 && hflag==1) printf("NQSrdWARN0: can't do partial reads on compressed: %s\n",$s1)
    noheader=cd3
    if (ii!=m) resize(ii)
    rdvstr(file) rdvstr(comment)
    if (sfunc.len(file)==0 && numarg()>0) file=$s1
    if (!noheader) for i=0,m-1 rdvstr(s[i].s)
    fcd.vread(tmpfile)
    fcds.remove_all
    if (isassigned(fcdl)) fcdl.remove_all
    for i=0,fc-1 {  fcds.append(Xo=new String()) rdvstr(Xo.s) }
    if (foc>=0) { fcdo=new List() out.fcdo=fcdo }
    for i=0,foc-1 { 
        oco=fgchar(tmpfile)
        if (oco==1) {
            fcdo.append(Xo=new Vector()) 
            Xo.vread(tmpfile) 
          } else if (oco==2) {
            fcdo.append(Xo=new NQS())
            Xo.rd() 
          } else if (oco==0) {
            printf("NQS:rd() WARNING: Nil being read for %s\n",this)
          } else {
            printf("NQS:rd() ERROR: unrecognized char %d for %s\n",oco,this)
          }
      }
    if (cnt>0) for i=0,fcd.size-1 if (fcd.x[i]==-1) { 
        readnums(&cnt)
        Yo=new List()
        for j=0,cnt-1 {Xo=new String() Yo.append(Xo) rdvstr(Xo.s)}
        useslist(i,Yo)
      }
    if (hflag==1) { // v0sz will tell size of all vectors
        tell=tmpfile.tell
        tmpfile.seek(0,2)
        tellend=tmpfile.tell()
        if (v0sz==-1) printf("%s: rd header: can't do seeks since v's not same size:%s\n",this,file)
        return v0sz
      } else {
        v0sz=-1 // indicates that everything has been read in
        for i=0,m-1 { 
            v[i].vread(tmpfile)
            if (v[i].size>2) if (v[i].x[0]==-1e9) { 
                ii=v[i].x[2]
                v[i].resize(v[i].x[1]) 
                v[i].fill(ii) 
              }
          }
        x.vread(tmpfile)
      }
    if (foc==0) for ii=0,fcd.size-1 if (fcd.x[ii]==1) v[ii].fill(-1) // clear obj pointers
    out.cp(this,0) // leave vectors empty
    chk()
    return 1
  }

//** rdpiece() read a section of each vector
func rdpiece () { local ii,ix,end,jump,loc,bswap
    ix=$1
    if (numarg()>=2) bswap=$2 else bswap=0
    tmpfile.seek(tell+8) // start of first one
    if (ix<0) {printf("%s:rdpiece ERR: no room: neg index\n",this) return 0}
    if (ix*chunk>v0sz) return 0
    if ((ix+1)*chunk>v0sz) end=v0sz-ix*chunk else end=chunk
    for ii=0,m-1 {
        loc=tell+8+ii*(v0sz*4+8)+ix*4*chunk
        tmpfile.seek(loc)
        if (loc+end*4>tellend){printf("%s:rdpiece ERRA: ran out: %d %d",this,loc+end,tellend) return 0}
        v[ii].fread2(tmpfile,end,3+bswap)
      }
    return 1
  }
    

//** func rdcols()
// reads columns of ascii with optional labels at the top
// still won't read strings -- prob not worth fixing any more
// -- may want to go back to v617 for this
func rdcols () { local i,ii,cols,li,errflag,num,hflag,loc localobj fi,st
    hflag=1 errflag=0 st=new String2()
    if (argtype(1)==2) {
        fi=tmpfile st.s=$s1 loc=0 tflg=0
        if (! fi.ropen(st.s)) { printf("\trdcols ERR0: can't open file \"%s\"\n",st.s) return 0}
      } else {fi=$o1 fi.getname(st.s) hflag=0 loc=fi.tell() tflg=1}
    if (fcd.count(2)+fcd.count(0)!=m) {printf("\trdcols ERRA: only rd strs and dbls\n") return 0}
    if (fi.scanstr(sstr)==-1) {printf("\trdcols ERR1: file \"%s\"\n",st.s) return 0}
    if (tflg) hflag=0 else { 
          if (isnum(sstr)) hflag=0 else hflag=1 } // hflag=0 -> no header
    if (numarg()>1) { // names of columns
        resize(numarg()-1)
        for i=2,numarg() sethdrs(i-2,$si)
        if (hflag) {
            printf("Header in file %s: %s vs %s\n",st.s,sstr,s[0].s)
            hflag=2
          }
      } else if (!hflag) printf("No Header read for %s\n",st.s)
    cols=0
    if (hflag==1) {
        while (! isnum(sstr)) { 
            cols+=1 fi.scanstr(sstr) 
            resize(sstr)
          }
      } else {
        ncols=fcd.count(0) // assume that NQS was set up ahead
        cols=fcd.size
      }
    li=file_len(st.s)
    if (hflag || tflg) li-=1 // hack -- assuming that threw away one line 
    printf("%d cols; %d lines of data in %s.\n",cols,li,st.s)
    fi.seek(loc) // back to top
    // WARN: this will screw up if numbers are to be included as strings
    num=scr.scanf(fi,li*ncols) // note that this will skip over non-nums
    if (num!=li*ncols) { // err not reached since scanf dumps out
        printf("WARNING: expected %d vals; found %d\n",li*ncols,num) errflag=3 }
    if (fi.scanstr(sstr)>-1) { 
        printf("WARNING: %s found after reading in %d vals\n",sstr,li*cols) errflag=4 }
    fi.seek(loc)
    for ii=0,cols-1 { 
        if (fcd.x[ii]>0) continue
        if (hflag) fi.scanstr(s[ii].s)
        v[ii].resize(li)
        v[ii].copy(scr,0,ii,li*ncols-1,1,cols) // v[ii].mcol(scr,ii,cols)
      }  
    if (fcd.count(0)!=m) {
        fi.seek(loc) // need to pick up some strings
        for ii=0,li-1 for jj=0,cols-1 { 
            if (fi.scanstr(st.t)==-1) {printf("ERR reading at %d\n",fi.tell()) errflag=5 return 0}
            if (fcd.x[jj]==2) v[jj].append(newval(2,jj))
          }
      }
    if (errflag) { printf("rdcols ERR%d\n",errflag) return 0 }
    return cols
  }

//** func svR([filename])
// saves in a format that can be read by my rdnqs.R program
func svR () { local ii,jj,cols,li,errflag,num
    errflag=0
    if (eqobj(cob,out) && verbose) printf(" *Selected* ") 
    if (numarg()==1) sstr=$s1 else {
        sstr=file
        repl_mstr(sstr,"\.nqs$",".nqR")
      }
    if (tmpfile.ropen(sstr)) if (!boolean_dialog("File exists","Overwrite","Cancel")) { 
        print "Cancelled" return 0 }
    if (! tmpfile.wopen(sstr)) { printf("\tsvR ERR0: can't open file \"%s\"\n",sstr) return 0}
    tmpfile.printf("%d\n",m)
    for ii=0,m-1 tmpfile.printf("%s\n",s[ii].s)
    for ii=0,m-1 cob.v[ii].vwrite(tmpfile)
    tmpfile.close()
    return ii
  }

//** func svcols(filename)
// saves numeric columns for R -- read with aa=read.table("filename")
func svcols () { local ii,jj,cols,li,errflag,num
    errflag=0
    if (tmpfile.ropen($s1)) if (!boolean_dialog("File exists","Overwrite","Cancel")) { 
        print "Cancelled" return 0 }
    if (! tmpfile.wopen($s1)) { printf("\tsvcols ERR0: can't open file \"%s\"\n",$s1) return 0}
    sstr2="\t"  // delimiter
    for ii=0,m-1 tmpfile.printf("%s%s",s[ii].s,sstr2)
    tmpfile.printf("\n")
    for ii=0,size(1)-1 {
        tmpfile.printf("%d%s",ii,sstr2)
        for jj=0,m-1 {
            getval(jj,v[jj].x[ii]) 
            tmpfile.printf("%g%s",nval,sstr2)
          }
        tmpfile.printf("\n")
      }
    tmpfile.close
    return ii
  }

//** join(nqs2,"PIVOT"[,"COLA",...]) 
// [selected fields of] nqs2 will be appended to this
// index field should only appear once in nqs2
func join () { local vn,vn1,vn2,i,ii,jj,kk,val localobj al,bl
    al=new List() bl=new List()
    if ((vn1=fi($s2))==-1 || (vn2=$o1.fi($s2))==-1) { 
        printf("NQS::join() %s not found in both %s %s\n",$s2,$o1,this) return -1 }
    if (!v[vn1].ismono) {   print "Sorting A..."  sort(vn1) }
    if (!$o1.v[vn2].ismono){print "Sorting B..."  $o1.sort(vn2) }
    if (!$o1.v[vn2].ismono(2)){ printf("Pivot B has repeats\n") return -1 }
    scr.resize($o1.m) scr.fill(-1)
    if (numarg()>2) for i=3,numarg() { 
        if ((vn=$o1.fi($si))==-1) return -1
        if (fi($si,"NOERR")!=-1) sprint(tstr,"%sB",$si) else tstr=$si
        scr.x[vn]=resize(tstr)-1 // index for this
      } else for ii=0,$o1.m-1 if (! strcmp($o1.s[ii].s,$s2)==0) { // don't add pivot field
        if ($o1.fcd.x[ii]!=0) {printf("%s:join ERRA not double field\n",this) return -1}
        if (fi($o1.s[ii].s,"NOERR")!=-1) sprint(tstr,"%sB",$o1.s[ii].s) else tstr=$o1.s[ii].s
        scr.x[ii]=resize(tstr)-1 // index for this
      } 
    pad()
    for jj=0,scr.size-1 { kk=scr.x[jj]
        if (kk!=-1) { al.append(v[kk]) bl.append($o1.v[jj]) }
      }
    v[vn1].join($o1.v[vn2],al,bl)
    return m
  }

//** cp(NQS[,VEC_COPY]) copy 1 NQS to another
// default: VEC_COPY==1; side effect of NO_VEC_COPY is no fcd,fcds creation
proc copy () { if (numarg()==2) cp($o1,$2) else cp($o1) }
proc cpout () { // copy .out to this
    cob=this
    for ii=0,m-1 v[ii].copy(out.v[ii])
  }
proc cp () { local ii,csz,veccp,outcp localobj o,oo
    cob=this
    csz=$o1.m
    outcp=0
    if (numarg()==2) veccp=$2 else veccp=1
    if (m!=csz) if (isassigned(out)) resize(csz) else {
        resize2(csz)
        outcp=1
      }
    noheader=$o1.noheader
    objl.remove_all
    for ii=0,$o1.objl.count-1 { objl.append($o1.objl.object(ii)) }
    file=$o1.file comment=$o1.comment
    if (outcp) for ii=0,m-1 { 
        if (!noheader) s[ii]=up.s[ii]
        v[ii]=new Vector()
      } else for ii=0,m-1 { 
        if (!noheader) s[ii].s=$o1.s[ii].s 
        if (veccp) v[ii].copy($o1.v[ii]) // 2nd arg to not copy vectors
      }
    if (veccp==1) {  // full copy
        fcd.copy($o1.fcd) 
        for ii=0,$o1.fcds.count-1 fcds.append($o1.fcds.object(ii)) // strings not being copies
        if (isobj($o1.fcdl,"List")) { fcdl=new List() out.fcdl=fcdl
            for ii=0,$o1.fcdl.count-1 fcdl.append($o1.fcdl.object(ii)) }
        if (isobj($o1.fcdo,"List")) { fcdo=new List() out.fcdo=fcdo
            o=$o1.fcdo
            for ii=0,o.count-1 {
                if (isojt(o.o(ii),v)) { // a vector
                    oo=new Vector(o.o(ii).size) oo.copy(o.o(ii)) fcdo.append(oo) 
                  } else if (isojt(o.o(ii),out)) { // a vector
                    oo=new NQS() oo.cp(o.o(ii)) fcdo.append(oo) 
                  } else {
                    printf("Can't copy a %s\n",o.o(ii)) return 
                  }
              }
          }
      } else if (! isassigned(fcd)) { // use pointers for .out
        fcd=$o1.fcd fcds=$o1.fcds fcdl=$o1.fcdl tmplist=$o1.tmplist
      } 
    x.copy($o1.x) x.resize(m)
    scr.copy($o1.scr) ind.copy($o1.ind)
  }

//** eq(NQS) -- just check the vecs
func eq () { local ii,jj,af,ix,epsilon localobj v1
    if (numarg()>=2) { 
        af=1 
        if ($2!=1) epsilon=$2 else epsilon=1e-5
      } else af=0 // af is flag for approx eq
    if ($o1.m!=m) { printf("# of cols differ %d vs %d\n",m,$o1.m) return 0 }
    if (!noheader) for ii=0,m-1 if (strcmp($o1.s[ii].s,s[ii].s)!=0) { 
        printf("%d col names differ: %s vs %s",ii,s[ii].s,$o1.s[ii].s) return 0 }
    for ii=0,m-1 if ($o1.v[ii].size != v[ii].size) { 
        printf("%d col lengths differ: %d vs %d",ii,v[ii].size,$o1.v[ii].size) return 0 }
    if (af) {
        a=allocvecs(v1)
        for ii=0,m-1 {
            v1.copy(v[ii])
            v1.sub($o1.v[ii])
            v1.abs()
            if (v1.max>epsilon) {
                ix=v1.max_ind
                if (noheader) {
                    printf("%d cols differ: \n",ii,ix,v[ii].x[ix],$o1.v[ii].x[ix])
                  } else printf("%s cols differ: \n",s[ii].s,ix,v[ii].x[ix],$o1.v[ii].x[ix])
              }
          }
        if (numarg()>=3) $o3.copy(v1)
        dealloc(a)
      } else for ii=0,m-1 if (! $o1.v[ii].eq(v[ii])) { 
        if (noheader) { printf("%d cols differ at ",ii)
          } else printf("%s cols differ at ",s[ii].s)
        for jj=0,v[ii].size-1 if ($o1.v[ii].x[jj] != v[ii].x[jj]) {
            printf("element %d: %g vs %g",jj,v[ii].x[jj],$o1.v[ii].x[jj])
            if ($o1.v[ii].x[jj]-v[ii].x[jj]<1e-5) {
                printf("\n\tTry for approximately equal using flag: nq.eq(nq2,1)\n")}
            return 0
          }
      }
    if (! fcdseq($o1)) return 0
    if (! fcdoeq($o1)) return 0
    return 1
  }

//** fcdseq() -- check that string lists are identical in two NQSs -- this is
// sufficient but not nec for comparing string columns for JOIN
// in order to use JOIN must share same fcds by setting up with strdec(NQS,...)
// (could break out separate lists for each str column -- tried in nqs.hoc220;
//  but separate lists would be problem: two columns might require same indices if 
//  either could be used to for "JOIN" to another nqs
func fcdseq () { local ii,jj,cnt
    cnt=fcds.count
    if (eqobj(fcds,$o1.fcds)) {
        printf("%s %s already share string list fcds\n",this,$o1)
        return 1
      }
    if (cnt!=$o1.fcds.count) {
        printf("DIFFERING (1) string lists (fcds) %d %d\n",fcds.count,$o1.fcds.count)
        return 0
      }
    for ii=0,cnt-1 if (!strcmp(fcds.object(ii).s,$o1.fcds.object(ii).s)==0) {
        printf("DIFFERING (2) string lists (fcds) %d:%s vs %s",ii,fcds.object(ii).s,$o1.fcds.object(ii).s)
        return 0
      }
    if (numarg()==2) return 1 // just check fcds and not fcd and fcdl
    if (! fcd.eq($o1.fcd)) {
        printf("DIFFERING (3) col keys (fcd) ") vlk(fcd) vlk($o1.fcd)
        return 0
      }
    if (! isassigned(fcdl) && isassigned($o1.fcdl)) {
          printf("DIFFERING (4) uselists() string lists: absent in %s\n",this)
          return 0
      }
    if (isassigned(fcdl)) {
        if (! isassigned($o1.fcdl)) {
            printf("DIFFERING (5) uselists() string lists absent in %s\n",$o1)
            return 0
          }
        if (fcdl.count!=$o1.fcdl.count) {
            printf("DIFFERING (6) uselists() list list counts %d vs %d",fcdl.count,$o1.fcdl.count)
            return 0
          }
        for ii=0,fcdl.count-1 if (fcd.x[ii]==-1) {
            if (!isobj(fcdl.object(ii),"List") || !isobj($o1.fcdl.object(ii),"List")) {
                printf("DIFFERING (7) uselists() string lists (fcdl.obj) %d:%s vs %s",ii,\
                           fcdl.object(ii),$o1.fcdl.object(ii))
                return 0
              }
            if (fcdl.object(ii).count != $o1.fcdl.object(ii).count) {
                printf("DIFFERING (8) uselists() string lists counts (fcdl.obj) %d:%d vs %d",ii,\
                           fcdl.object(ii).count,$o1.fcdl.object(ii).count)
                return 0
              }
            for jj=0,fcdl.object(ii).count-1 {
                if (!strcmp(fcdl.object(ii).object(jj).s,$o1.fcdl.object(ii).object(jj).s)==0) {
                    printf("DIFFERING (9) uselists() string lists (fcdl.obj) %d,%d:%s vs %s",ii,jj,\
                           fcdl.object(ii).object(jj).s,$o1.fcdl.object(ii).object(jj).s)
                    return 0
                  }
              }
          }
      }
    return 1
  }

//** fcdoeq() -- check that object lists are identical in two NQSs
func fcdoeq () { local ii,jj,cnt
    if (! isassigned(fcdo) && ! isassigned($o1.fcdo)) return 1
    if (! isassigned(fcdo)) {
        printf("No object list in %s\n",this)
        return 0
      }
    if (! isassigned($o1.fcdo)) {
        printf("No object list in %s\n",$o1)
        return 0
      }
    cnt=fcdo.count
    if (cnt!=$o1.fcdo.count) {
        printf("DIFFERING (1) object lists (fcdo) %d %d\n",fcdo.count,$o1.fcdo.count)
        return 0
      }
    for ii=0,cnt-1 {
        if (!isojt(fcdo.o(ii),$o1.fcdo.o(ii))) {
            printf("DIFFERING (2) obj lists (fcdo) %s,%s (%s,%s)",fcdo.o(ii),$o1.fcdo.o(ii),this,$o1)
            return 0
          }
        if (1) { // vector and nqs both use .eq() a vector: isojt(fcdo.o(ii),v)
            if (! fcdo.o(ii).eq($o1.fcdo.o(ii))) {
                printf("DIFFERING obj lists (fcdo) : differ %s,%s (%s,%s)",\
                       fcdo.o(ii),$o1.fcdo.o(ii),this,$o1)
                return 0
              }
          }
      }
    return 1
  }

//** strdec() -- declare these columns to be strings
func strdec () { local i,min
    min=1
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) {
        printf("strdec() ERR: string fields can only be declared at top level\n") return 0}
    if (numarg()==0) { 
        printf("strdec(NAME[,NAME1 ...])\n\tdeclare these field to be string fields\n") return 0}
    out.fcd=fcd
    if (argtype(1)==1) {
        if (fcds.count>0) if (! fcdseq($o1,1)) {  // just check fcds and not fcd, fcdl
            printf("Pre-existing string lists differ; unable to join %s %s\n",this,$o1)
            return 0
          }
        fcds=$o1.fcds // share string list to allow JOIN on a string field
        min=2 
      }
    for i=min,numarg() { 
        if (argtype(i)==2) fl=fi($si) else fl=$i
        if (fl>-1) {
            fcd.x[fl]=2
            sval="`EMPTY'"
            newval(2,fl)   // don't want to put on more than one
          }
      }
    return 1
  }

//** fdec() -- declare these columns to be files with methods
func fdec () { local i,j,na
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) {
        printf("fdec() ERR: object fields can only be declared at top level\n") return 0}
    na=numarg()
    if (na==0 || na%3!=0) { printf("fdec(\"COLNAME\",\"METHOD\",\"PATH\"[,...])\n") return 0 }
    out.fcd=fcd
    for (j=1;j<=na;j+=3) { 
        i=j
        if (argtype(i)==0) fl=$i else fl=fi($si)
        if (fl==-1) return 0 else fcd.x[fl]=11
        i+=1 s[fl].t=$si i+=1 
        if (sfunc.len($si)==0) { sprint(s[fl].t,"%s(\"",s[fl].t)
          } else sprint(s[fl].t,"%s(\"%s/",$si,s[fl].t)
      }
    if (! isobj(fcdo,"List")) { fcdo=new List() out.fcdo=fcdo }
    return 1
  }

obfunc methget () { local fl,ix localobj o
    fl=$1 ix=$2
    if ((o=fcdo.o(ix).o)!=nil) return o
    sprint(tstr,"tmpobj=%s%s\")",s[fl].t,fcds.o(fcdo.o(ix).x).s)
    execute(tstr)
    o=tmpobj // need to use external global tmpobj
    fcdo.o(ix).o=o
    return o
  }

//** coddec() -- declare these columns to be coded
func coddec () { local i,min
    min=1
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) {
        printf("coddec() ERR: CODE fields can only be declared at top level\n") return 0}
    if (numarg()==0) { 
        printf("coddec(NAME[,NAME1 ...])\n\tdeclare these field to be code fields\n") return 0}
    out.fcd=fcd
    for i=min,numarg() { 
        fl=fi($si)
        if (fl>-1) fcd.x[fl]=10
      }
    return 1
  }

//** deriv("COLA",...) generates a col with differences between each row value and preceding
proc deriv () { local fl,i
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) { printf("Take deriv on whole set only\n") return }
    for i=1,numarg() { 
        if (argtype(i)==0) fl=$i else fl=fi($si)
        if (fl==-1) return
        sprint(tstr,"%s'",s[fl].s)   resize(tstr)
        v[m-1].deriv(v[fl],1,1)
        v[m-1].insrt(0,0)
      }
  }

//** odec() -- declare these columns to be objects
func odec () { local i
    if (eqobj(cob,out)) {
        printf("odec() ERR: object fields can only be declared at top level\n") return 0}
    if (numarg()==0) { 
        printf("odec(NAME[,NAME1 ...])\n\tdeclare these field to be object fields\n") return 0}
    out.fcd=fcd
    for i=1,numarg() { 
        if (argtype(i)==0) fl=$i else fl=fi($si)
        if (fl>-1) fcd.x[fl]=1
      }
    if (! isobj(fcdo,"List")) { fcdo=new List() out.fcdo=fcdo }
    return 1
  }

//** mo([flag][,STAT1,...]) -- create global objectvars that point to the vectors
// first time use flag=1 to create new global objrefs, else just shift them
// flag=1 reassign objl but don't care if they already exist
// flag=2 don't print out the assignments
// flag=3 reassign objl; make sure they're unique
// flag=4 clear the vectors
// should we also create a set of global scalars to assign to in an iterator?
proc mo () { local ii,flag,i,hf
    if (numarg()>=1) flag=$1 else flag=0 // flag:create objrefs
    if (flag==1 || flag==3) {
        if (objl.count>0) {
            if (flag==3) if (batch_flag) {
                printf("NQS mo(3) WARNING: Renamed object pointers.\n")
              } else if (! boolean_dialog("New name object pointers?","YES","NO")) return
            if (flag==1) if (batch_flag) {
                printf("NQS mo(1) WARNING: Rassigned object pointers.\n")
              } else if (! boolean_dialog("Reassign object pointers?","YES","NO")) return
          }
        objl.remove_all
        for ii=0,m-1 if (sfunc.len(s[ii].s)>0) {
            sstr=s[ii].s
            repl_mstr(sstr,"[^A-za-z0-9]","",execstr)
            sprint(sstr,"%sv",sstr)
            if (flag==3) { // make sure it's unique
                hf=0
                while (name_declared(sstr)) { hf=1
                    printf("%s exists ... ",sstr)
                    sprint(sstr,"%sv",sstr) 
                  } 
                if (hf) printf(" -> %s\n",sstr)
              } else if (name_declared(sstr)) printf("%s reassigned: ",sstr)
            printf("%s -> v[%d] (%s)\n",sstr,ii,s[ii].s)
            sprint(execstr,"objref %s",sstr) execute(execstr)
            sprint(execstr,"%s=%s",sstr,v[ii]) execute(execstr)
            objl.append(new String(sstr))
          }
        sprint(execstr,"objref indv") execute(execstr)
        sprint(execstr,"indv=%s",ind) execute(execstr)
      } else {
        if (objl.count==0) { 
            printf("Must create vecs with mo(1)\n") 
          } else if (objl.count>m) { 
            printf("STAT:mo ERR: wrong objref count in objl: %d vs %d\n",objl.count,m)
            return
          } else {
            if (objl.count<m) { 
                printf("STAT:mo WARNING: unreferenced vecs for %s: refs %d<m %d\n",this,objl.count,m) }
            for ii=0,objl.count-1 {
                Xo=objl.object(ii)
                if (flag==0) printf("%s -> %s.v[%d] (%s)\n",Xo.s,this,ii,s[ii].s)
                if (flag==4) {sprint(execstr,"%s=nil",Xo.s) 
                  } else        sprint(execstr,"%s=%s",Xo.s,v[ii]) 
                execute(execstr)
              }
          }
        sprint(execstr,"objref indv") execute(execstr)
        if (flag!=4) { sprint(execstr,"indv=%s",ind) execute(execstr) }
      }
    if (numarg()>1) for i=2,numarg() { // propagate the objl to other STATs
        $oi.objl.remove_all
        for ii=0,objl.count-1 $oi.objl.append(objl.object(ii))
      }
  }

//** unnan() gets rid of nans and inf's in numerical cols
proc unnan () { local ii
    for ii=0,m-1 if (fcd.x[ii]==0) v[ii].unnan(0)
  }

func version () { local x
    if (numarg()==0) print nqsvers
    sfunc.tail(nqsvers,",v [1-9]*.",tstr)
    sscanf(tstr,"%d",&x)
    return x
  }

//* endtemplate
endtemplate NQS

//* array template -- an array pretending to be a list
begintemplate OARR
public oo,max,count,o,object,append,o2l,l2o,name,id
objref oo[1]
strdef name

proc init () {
    max=$1 id=count=0
    objref oo[max] 
  }
obfunc o () { // allow an array to pretend to be a list
    if ($1<0 || $1>=max) {printf("OOB for OARR: %d >= %d\n",$1,max) return oo[0]} 
    if ($1>=count) printf("OARR WARNING: %d not assigned\n",$1)
    return oo[$1]
  }
obfunc object () { // allow an array to pretend to be a list
    if ($1<0 || $1>=max) {printf("OOB for OARR: %d >= %d\n",$1,max) return oo[0]} 
    if ($1>=count) printf("OARR WARNING: %d not assigned\n",$1)
    return oo[$1]
  }
func append () {
    if (count>max-1) {printf("OARR ERR: out of room: %d\n",max) return -1}
    oo[count]=$o1 count+=1
    return count
  }
// copy array to a list
proc o2l () { local jj,min,mx
    if (numarg()==3) {min=$2 mx=$3} else {min=0 mx=count}
    for jj=min,mx $o1.append(oo[jj])
  }
// copy list to array
proc l2o () { local jj,min,mx
    if (numarg()==3) {min=$2 mx=$3} else {min=0 mx=$o1.count-1}
    for jj=min,mx oo[jj]=$o1.o(jj)
  }
endtemplate OARR

//* ancillary routines
//* sopset() returns symbolic arg associated with a string
proc sopset() { local i
    for i=1,20 sops[i-1]=$i // AUGMENT TO ADD NEW OPSYM
  }
sopset(ALL,NEG,POS,CHK,NOZ,GTH,GTE,LTH,LTE,EQU,EQV,EQW,EQX,NEQ,SEQ,RXP,IBE,EBI,IBI,EBE) // ADD NEW OPSYM NAME

proc sofset () {
    for scase(XO,"ALL","NEG","POS","CHK","NOZ","GTH","GTE","LTH","LTE","EQU","EQV","EQW","EQX","NEQ","SEQ","RXP","IBE","EBI","IBI","EBE") for j=1,5 { 
        sprint(tstr,"%s%d=%s*%d",XO.s,j,XO.s,j+1)
        execute(tstr)
      }
  }
sofset()

//** whvarg
func whvarg () { local ret
    ret=-1
    // ADD NEW OPSYM STRING
            // ALL  NEG   POS  CHK  NOZ   GTH  GTE  LTH LTE EQU   EQV   EQW   EQX  NEQ  SEQ  RXP  IBE  EBI  IBI   EBE
    for scase("ALL","<0",">0","CHK","!=0",">",">=","<","<=","===","EQV","EQW","EQX","!=","=~","~~","[)","(]","[]","()") {
        if (strcmp($s1,temp_string_)==0) {ret=i1 break}
      }
    if (ret==-1) return ret else return sops[ret]
  }

//** whkey(KEY,STR) 
// place name of KEY from vecst.mod in temp_string_
func whkey () { local key
    for scase("ALL","NEG","POS","CHK","NOZ","GTH","GTE","LTH","LTE","EQU","EQV","EQW","EQX","NEQ","SEQ","RXP","IBE","EBI","IBI","EBE") { // ADD NEW OPSYM NAME
        sprint(tstr,"x=%s",temp_string_) execute(tstr)
        if (x==$1) {
            if (numarg()==2) $s2=temp_string_ else print temp_string_
            break
          }
      }
    return x
  }

//** varstr(tstr) -- make a variable out of string by removing nonalphanumeric characters
func varstr () { local a,z,A,Z,a0,a9,a_,len,ii,sflag
    a=97 z=122 A=65 Z=90 a0=48 a9=57 a_=95 // ascii codes
    if (numarg()==2) sflag=1 else sflag=0
    len = sfunc.len($s1)
    for ({x=0 ii=0};ii<len && !((x>=a&&x<=z)||(x>=A&&x<=Z));ii+=1) { // allowed first char
        sscanf($s1,"%c%*s",&x)
        sfunc.right($s1,1)
      }
    if (ii==len) { printf("varstr() ERR: no useable characters") return 0}
    sprint($s1,"%c%s",x,$s1)
    for (;ii<=len;ii+=1) {
        sscanf($s1,"%c%*s",&x)
        sfunc.right($s1,1)
        if ((x>=a&&x<=z)||(x>=A&&x<=Z)||(x>=a0&&x<=a9)||(x==a_)) { // allowed chars
            sprint($s1,"%s%c",$s1,x)
          }
      }
    if (sflag) { 
        sprint($s1,"strdef %s",$s1) 
        execute($s1) 
        sfunc.right($s1,7) // strip leading "strdef"
      } else {
        sprint($s1,"%s=0",$s1) 
        execute($s1) 
        sfunc.left($s1,sfunc.len($s1)-2) // strip the =0
      }
    return 1
  }

strdef h1
h1="Select operators: \nALL <0  >0  CHK !=0  >  >=  <   <=  ==  EQV EQW EQX !=  =~  ~~  [)  (]  []  ()\nALL NEG POS CHK NOZ GTH GTE LTH LTE EQU EQV EQW EQX NEQ SEQ RXP IBE EBI IBI EBE\nmost are obvious; those that are not\nEQV: value equal to same row value another column (takes string arg)\nEQW: value found in other vector (takes vector or NQS arg)\nSEQ: string equal (takes string)\nRXP: regular expression comparison (takes string)\nIBE,EBI...: I=inclusive, E=exclusive for ranges\n"

proc nqshelp () {
    if (numarg()==0) {
      } else {
        if (strcmp($s1,"select")==0) {
            // ed=new TextEditor(h1,9,160) ed.map
            printf("%s",h1)
          }
      }
  }

proc delnqs () { local i
    for i=1,numarg() nqsdel($oi) 
  }
proc nqsdel () { localobj iq,xo
    if (isassigned($o1)) {
        iq=$o1
        if (isassigned(iq.fcdo)) for ltr(xo,iq.fcdo) if (isojt(xo,iq)) nqsdel(xo)
        if (isassigned(iq.out)) {iq.out.cob=nil  iq.out=nil}
        iq.cob=nil iq=nil 
      }
    if (!istmpobj($o1)) $o1=nil
    tmpobj=nil
  }

//* pmap() maps a function arg1 onto multiple args or a , sep string of args
proc pmap () { local i,na localobj st
    st=new String()
    na=numarg()
    sprint(st.s,"%s(",$s1) // 1st arg is name of proc
    for i=2,na sprint(st.s,"%s%s,",st.s,$si)
    if (na>=2) chop(st.s)
    sprint(st.s,"%s)",st.s)
    execute1(st.s)
  }

func fmap () { local i,na localobj st,o
    st=new String() o=new DBL()
    na=numarg()
    sprint(st.s,"%s.x=%s(",o,$s1) // 1st arg is name of proc
    for i=2,na sprint(st.s,"%s%s,",st.s,$si)
    if (na>=2) chop(st.s)
    sprint(st.s,"%s)",st.s)
    execute1(st.s)
    return o.x
  }

//* bugs and missing features
// 1. for NQS, does resize work with object columns? i.e. 
// >  >  nqs1 has an object column
// >  >  can i do nqs2.resize(nqs1) to add nqs1 to nqs2?
// >  looks like I haven't bothered with that case (nqs.hoc_579:2188)
// 2. oc>  for ii=2,3 nq[ii-2].resize(nq[ii]) -- meaningless err messages?
// (~/nrniv/place/load.hoc_54:60)
// NQS[48] fi ERR: regexp matches more than once: 1 spkstats.killp
// NQS[48] fi ERR: regexp matches more than once: 2 spkstats.prup
// END /usr/site/nrniv/local/hoc/nqs.hoc
//================================================================
gnum=-1
declare("show_panel",1)
obfunc file_with_dot(){} // stubs to declare later, otherwise external barfs
obfunc filname(){} 
obfunc dirname(){}
func file_len(){}
proc tog (){if (numarg()==1) print $&1=1-$&1 else print gvmarkflag=1-gvmarkflag}
proc pvout2 () { }  // stub for manipulating printlist
proc rv2 () { }  // stub for manipulating the vectors before graphing
proc rv3 () { }  // stub for manipulating the label
func setfilt2 () { return 0 }  // stub for setting filter
func dir2mf2() {return 1} // stub for checking whether to include a trace

//* template vfile_line (vector file line) template gives information about a line
//  in a file that gives a vector: name, size and location
begintemplate vfile_line
  public name, size, loc, segs, num, ix, f, ty
  strdef name,f
  double loc[1]
  proc init () { 
      segs=1 ty=4
      if (argtype(5)==0) segs=$5 else if (argtype(5)==2) f=$s5
      name=$s1 size=$2 num=$4
      double loc[segs]
      loc[0] = $3
      ix=-1 // can be used as index if needed
    }
endtemplate vfile_line

//* template vitem (vector item) is an internal vector used to store output from 
// new vitem(var_name,vec_size,friendly_name)
// new vitem(var_name,vec_size,1) -- force tvec creation even if not cvode_local
// a simulation holds the name and the vector itself
tvflag_on=1
begintemplate vitem
  external cvode,tvflag_on,isassigned
  public tvec,vec,name,tvflag,pstep,o,code,resize
  objref tvec,vec,o,this // o not set here but used for Acells
  strdef tstr,name // variable name
  proc init () {
      name=$s1  tvflag=0 pstep=0 code=0
      if (cvode.active()) { if (cvode.use_local_dt()) tvflag=1 else tvflag=-1 }
      if (tvflag_on) tvflag=1
      if (argtype(2)==0) vec=new Vector($2) else if (argtype(2)==1) vec=$o2
      if (argtype(3)==0) { // sloppy -- what if pstep=1??
          if ($3==1) tvflag=1 else {tvflag=0 pstep=$3} 
        } else if (argtype(3)==1) {
          tvec=$o3
          tvflag=1 // don't create another one
        }
      if (argtype(4)==0) if ($4==1) tvflag=1 else {tvflag=0 pstep=$4}
      if (tvflag==1 && !isassigned(tvec)) tvec=new Vector($2) 
      if (tvflag==-1) {
          sprint(tstr,"if (!isassigned(tvec)) tvec=new Vector(%d)",$2) execute(tstr) 
          sprint(tstr,"%s.tvec=tvec",this) execute(tstr)
        }
    }
  proc resize () {
      vec.resize($1) 
      if (isassigned(tvec)) tvec.resize($1)
    }
endtemplate vitem

//* main template: GRV
// the attributes of a particular set of graphs including line colors,
// world coordinates, etc
// glist is a list of all graphs created from this panel
// llist is a list of available names and associated vectors or locations
begintemplate GRV
  public color,line,super,curcol,comment,vecpanel,mesg,tmplist,gxpan
  public glist,oglist,llist,tvec,size,shift,vsz,vjmp,tloc,vloc,remote
  public entries,segments,clear,keepgr
  public read_vfile,rvaltdisp,read_file,grvec,remgrs,clear,record,read_pclamp
  public cpplitem,chgplname,npl,new_pri,prlexp,numovecs,fchooser
  public read_vdotfile,rpanel,panobjl,ddir,filter
  public rlist,rvlist,attrpanl,wvpanl,remgrs,collapsegrs,viewplot,nvwall
  public geall,lblall,relbl,grall,grsel,tposvec,fliptb,setrange,setgrransel,grransel
  public chrange,rv,rv_readvec,rvec,rvl,read_rfile,gv
  public grrtsize,ge,pvall,pvother,pvplist,pvclose,vf2fwf
  public pvnext,pvout,prvec,pv,lpvec,nvplt,apbrowse,apkill
  public newpl,find_secname,mkmenu,dir2pr,dir2mf,read_mf
  public mkpanel,pbrgr,remprl,filename,onum,po,stub,go
  public rvtr,vrdr,prdr,tmpobj,printlist,output_file,attr0,attrnum,s,vite
  public glist,llist,tvec,ind,vec,vrtmp,tmpvec,tf1,tmpobj,apvb,printStep
  public gvmarkflag,gveraseflag,fchooser_flag,byte_store,bst,szstr,regexp,tmpfile
  public magga,mvga,ll

  double size[4],vsz[2],wvloc[4],x[4]
  objref glist, oglist, llist, tvec, ind, vec, vrtmp, tmpvec, tf1, tmpobj, apvb, ovb, printlist
  objref vite,scob,printlist,szstr[4],g,this,tmplist,panobj,panobjl,Xo,Yo,tmpfile, gcomms
  strdef comment,recstr,grvecstr,readtag,rvvec_name,grep,tstr,tstr2,ddir,filter
  strdef temp_string_,temp_string2_,output_file,s,filename,mesg,regexp
  external sfunc,osname,vfile_line,vitem,uname,nil,simname,gnum,XO,YO,graphList,isassigned
  external isobj,isit,mso,msoptr,allocvecs,dealloc,tstop,method,cvode,show_panel,rv2,rv3,setfilt2
  external cvode_active,cvode_local,datestr,runnum,i1,graphItem,GRV,strm,objnum,DBL,dir2mf2
  external file_with_dot,count_substr,file_len,filname,dirname,dir,grv_,repl_mstr,pvout2

// list iterator ltr
// usage 'for ltr(YO, tmplist) { print YO }'
iterator ltr () { local i
    ii1=0
    for i = 0,$o2.count-1 {
        $o1 = $o2.object(i)
        iterator_statement
        ii1+=1
      }
    $o1=nil
  }

proc init () { local flag,nopan
    flag=1e9
    if (numarg()==1) if (argtype(1)==0) flag=$1 
    if (numarg()==2) if (argtype(2)==0) flag=$2 else printf("2nd arg for GRV should be flag\n")
    nopan=0 color=1 line=1 curcol=1 keepgr=tloc=-1 nvec=bvec=super=0 vjmp=50 entries=1 segments=1
    fchooser_flag=0
    vsz[0] = 300  vsz[1] = 200
    glist = new List()
    tmpfile = new File()
    oglist = glist // save old glist for after superimpose
    llist=new List() gcomms=new List() printlist=llist
    tvec=new Vector(0) ind=tvec.c vec=tvec.c vrtmp=tvec.c tmpvec=tvec.c
    rvvec_name = "vec"
    ddir = "data/"
    printStep=gvmarkflag=gveraseflag=mff=0
    remote=0
    entries=segments=shift=0
    tloc=vloc=vjmp=x=y=luprd=0
    wvloc[0]=50 wvloc[1]=50 wvloc[2]=800 wvloc[3]=150
    onum=objnum(this)
  
    for ii=0,3 { szstr[ii] = new String() }
    if (sfunc.substr(osname,"inux")==1) grep="grep -a" else grep="grep"
    readtag = "^//[:pbCM ]"  // regexp used to identify header in mixed binary files
    { szstr[0].s="Set xmin" szstr[1].s="Set xmax" szstr[2].s="Set ymin" szstr[3].s="Set ymax" }
    multi_files = 1 // set 0 to show individual segments of multi-seg files
    dec_runnum = 0  // whether to decrement runnum when saving a new file
    byte_store = 4  // store as ascii (0), byte (1), int (2), float (3), double (4)
    tvec_bytesize = 4  // always store tvecs with more precision
    outvecint = 0     // dump vectors every outvecint time if not 0
    outvect = 0     // time for next vec dump
    labelm = 1       // set to 0 to turn off labeling
    attr0=0 // default is a panel for reading files
    if (flag==0) { // make a sim-recording panel
        if (numarg()>1) printf("GRV WARNING: creating simpan, ignoring filename\n")
        attr0=1 attrnum=0
        if (! isobj(panobjl,"List")) panobjl = new List() 
        attrnum=panobjl.append(this)-1
        if (attrnum!=0) printf("GRV WARNING: attr0 with attrnum=%d!\n",attrnum)
        if (show_panel) vecpanel()
        sprint(tstr,"printlist=%s.printlist",this)
        execute(tstr)
        sprint(s,"GRV[%d]:%s (sim vecs)",objnum(this),simname)
        return
      }
    panobjl=grv_.panobjl
    attrnum=panobjl.append(this)-1
    if (flag==-2) nopan=1 
    if (flag==-1) { fchooser() // ask user for filename
      } else if (numarg()>=1) {
        if (argtype(1)==2) read_vfile($s1)
      }
    if (!nopan) attrpanl()
  }

//** newfile() calls fchooser
proc newfile () { localobj o
    o = apvb
    fchooser() 
    attrpanl()
  }

//** bst() selects byte_store
func bst () { 
    if (numarg()>=1) byte_store=$1 
    if (numarg()>=2) tvec_bytesize=$2
    return byte_store 
  }

//* attrpanl() gives attributes for a set of graphs
proc attrpanl () { local ii,jj
    sfunc.tail(filename,"data.*/",grvecstr)
    apvb=new VBox() 
    apvb.intercept(1) 
    xpanel(temp_string_)
    xvarlabel(filename)
    if (sfunc.len(mesg)>40) sfunc.left(mesg,40)
    xvarlabel(mesg)
    xvalue("Color(-1=multi)","color",1,"if (color==0) curcol=0",0,1)
    xvalue("Line","line",1,"",0,1)
    xpanel()
    xpanel("",1)
    xbutton("Superimpose: ","tog(&super) if (super==0) gnum=-1 sprint(mesg,\"super=%d\",super)")
    xbutton("Where?","sprimp()")
    xbutton("Restore","glist=oglist sprint(mesg,\"Restore graph list\")")
    xpanel()
    xpanel("",1)
    xbutton("Limits","wvpanl()")
    xbutton("Erase","geall()")
    xbutton("Mark","togmark()")
    if (attr0) xbutton("Panel","pbrgr(\"Graph\",\"gv\")") else {
        xbutton("New file","newfile()") }
    xpanel()
    xpanel("",1)
    xmenu("Graphs")
    xbutton("Erase/redraw","gveraseflag=-(gveraseflag-1) if (gveraseflag==1) super=1 else super=0 sprint(mesg,\"Erase=%d\",gveraseflag)")
    xbutton("Erase graphs","geall()")
    xbutton("Remove graphs","remgrs()")
    xbutton("Clean graph list","collapsegrs()")
    xbutton("Erase axes","setrange(3)")
    xbutton("Draw axes","setrange(0)")
    xbutton("Label graphs","lblall()")
    sprint(tstr,"execute(\"disptray(%d)\")",onum)
    xbutton("Make tray",tstr)
    xbutton("View = plot","for ltr(Xo,glist) Xo.exec_menu(\"View = plot\")")
    xbutton("Crosshair","for ltr(Xo,glist) Xo.exec_menu(\"Crosshair\")")
    xbutton("New view","for ltr(Xo,glist) Xo.exec_menu(\"NewView\")")
    xbutton("Zoom","for ltr(Xo,glist) Xo.exec_menu(\"Zoom in/out\")")
    xbutton("Delete Text","for ltr(Xo,glist) Xo.exec_menu(\"Delete\")")
    xbutton("Move Text","for ltr(Xo,glist) Xo.exec_menu(\"Move Text\")")
    xbutton("Change Text","for ltr(Xo,glist) Xo.exec_menu(\"Change Text\")")
    xmenu()
    // sprint(temp_string_,"remote",attrnum)
    // sprint(temp_string2_,"grall(%d)",attrnum)
    // xvalue("Graph all",temp_string_,0,temp_string2_)
    if (attr0) redo_printlist() else xbutton("Show full panel","rpanel()")
    xpanel()
    apvb.intercept(0) 
    if (attr0) {   sprint(s,"GRV[%d] %s SIM CONTROL",objnum(this),simname)
      } else       { 
        if (sfunc.len(filename)>0) filname(filename,grvecstr)
        sprint(s,"GRV[%d] %s:%s",objnum(this),simname,grvecstr) 
      }
    apvb.map(s)
  }

//** sprimp() superimpose on another sim
proc sprimp () {
    super=1
    sprint(tstr,"SUPERIMPOSE %s ON?",s)
    ovb=new VBox() 
    ovb.intercept(1) 
    xpanel(tstr)
    xvalue("Superimpose on Graph[#]","gnum",1)
    for ltr(Xo,panobjl) {
        sprint(temp_string2_,"glist=%s.glist sprint(mesg,\"Using graph list from %s\") ovb.unmap() ovb=nil",Xo,Xo)
        xbutton(Xo.s,temp_string2_)
      }
    xpanel()
    ovb.intercept(0) 
    ovb.map(tstr)
    ovb.dismiss_action("ovb.unmap ovb=nil")
  }

//** fchooser() finds file and then create panel from it using rpanel
proc fchooser () { 
    if (fchooser_flag == 0) {  // create panel first time only
        if (setfilt2(filter)) { // do nothing
          } else if (strm(filter,"\\*")) { // do nothing
          } else sprint(filter,"*%s*",datestr)
        tmpfile.chooser("","Read from a file",filter,"Open","Cancel",ddir)
      }
    fchooser_flag = 1
    if (tmpfile.chooser()) {
        // find out whether this is a vector file or not
        tmpfile.getname(filename)
        if (strm(filename,"\.mf")) read_mf() else read_vfile() 
      }
  }

//** newpan() create a new panel and call fchooser from there
proc newpan () { tmpobj=new GRV(-1) }

//** read_vfile() creates a panattr object from information in a file
// (uses grep to avoid loading big file)
// assumes file in tmpfile
func read_vfile () { local flag, ii, sz, loc, mult, sze, cloc, segs
    if (numarg()>=2) if (strcmp(filename,$s1)==0) return 2 // check if file is already active 
    if (attr0) {
        if (!boolean_dialog("Look at file data instead of sim?","YES","NO")) {
            printf("Read file cancelled\n")
            return 0
          }
      } else { attr0=0 }
    if (numarg()>=1) filename=$s1 else tmpfile.getname(filename)
    if (strm(filename,"\.mf$")) return read_mf(filename)
    sprint(s,"GRV[%d] %s: %s",objnum(this),simname,filename)
    clear()
    // grab hold of the different lines using grep
    file_with_dot(filename,temp_string_) // put .filename into temp_string_
    if (!tmpfile.ropen(temp_string_)) {
        print "E1: Can't open ",temp_string_ // avoid grep error
        return 0
      } else flag = 1 // signifies that .file exists to use as key
    while ((numr = tmpfile.gets(tstr)) != -1) {  // throw out the leading '//'
        // read the line
        if (sfunc.head(tstr,"//[^b]",temp_string2_)==0) {
            read_vinfo()  // a line giving info about the file (eg comment)
          } else {   // NB: code in v60:516 to pickup byte_store value
            if (flag && entries > 1) { // a .file with MULTI segs
                tmpfile.seek(-numr,1) // backup to beginning of line
                read_vdotfile()
              } else if (segments > 1) { // mult segs: different times for same var
                tmpfile.seek(-numr,1) // backup to beginning of line
                segments = read_vsegs() //**** NEEDS to be recovered from grvec.hoc442
              } else {  // read each line in for itself
                if (  sscanf(tstr,"//b%1ld %g %s %ld %ld",&bvec,&nvec,tstr2,&sze,&loc)!=5) {
                    if (sscanf(tstr,"//b%1ld %s %ld %ld",&bvec,tstr2,&sze,&loc)!=4) {
                        printf("**** GRV read_vfile() parse ERR on %s in %s",tstr,filename)
                      } else if (printStep==-2) nvec=-2 else nvec=-1 // guess
                  }
                if (nvec==2) {
                    printf("read_vfile forward compat. **** WARNING ****\n\t****consider edit of %s dot file to change 2 to -2\n",filename)
                    nvec=-2
                  }
                if (strcmp(tstr2,"CVODE1.0 tvec")==0) {
                    tvec.resize(0)
                    printStep=-1
                    tloc = loc // where to find tvec later
                  } else {
                    tmpobj = new vfile_line(tstr2,sze,loc,nvec) // name size loc num
                    tmpobj.ty=bvec
                    llist.append(tmpobj)
                    tmpobj = nil
                  }
              }
          }
      }
    if (llist.count==0) {
        printf("grvec.hoc::read_vfile ERR no vecs read from %s\n",filename)}
    if (entries==1) entries = llist.count
    if (! flag && segments>1) write_vsegs()  // create key .file
    if (! tmpfile.ropen(filename)) { print "E3: Can't open ",filename
        return 0
      }
    if (printStep==-1) rtvec() // code for cvode_active()
    mff=0
    return 1
  }

//** rtvec() reads tvec if it exists, returns -1 if it doesn't
func rtvec () {
    if (tloc > -1) {
        tmpfile.seek(tloc)
        tvec.vread(tmpfile)
        return 1
      } else {
        return 0
      }
  }

proc write_vsegs () { print "NEEDS to be ported from grvec.hoc442" }

//** read_vinfo()
proc read_vinfo () {
    if (strm(tstr,"//printStep")) {
        sfunc.tail(tstr," ",tstr) // just take end of string following space
        sscanf(tstr,"%g",&printStep) // printstep==-1 means cvode
      } else if (strm(tstr,"^//:")) { // a comment
        sfunc.tail(tstr,"//: *",tstr)
        sfunc.head(tstr,"\n",comment) // chop final newline
        mesg=comment
      } else if (strm(tstr,"^//CPU")) { // the machine type for byte storage
        sfunc.tail(tstr," ",tstr)
        if (! strm(tstr,uname)) {
            printf("%s written from %s\n",filename,tstr)
          }
      } else if (strm(tstr,"^//MULTI")) { // multiple lines for each entry
        sfunc.tail(tstr," ",tstr)
        if (sscanf(tstr,"%d %d",&entries,&segments)==2) {
            if (! multi_files) printf("**************** GRV read_vinfo ERRa\n") 
          } else segments=1
      } else {
        printf("Line:\t%s\n\tnot recognized in %s\n",tstr,filename)
      }
  }

//** read_vdotfile() read .file in abbreviated format (see write_vsegs)
proc read_vdotfile() { local loc,entries,segments,ii
    entries=entries segments=segments
    for i=1,entries {  // read this abbreviated file version (much faster)
        tmpfile.scanstr(temp_string_)
        loc = tmpfile.scanvar()
        tmpobj = new vfile_line(temp_string_,-1,loc,segments) // don't set size
        llist.append(tmpobj)
        for ii=1,segments-1 { tmpobj.loc[ii] = tmpfile.scanvar() }
      }
  }

//** rpanel() creates a panel from information in llist
proc rpanel () { local ii
    if (llist.count > 8) { rlist() return }
    sprint(temp_string_,"%s ",simname)
    xpanel(temp_string_)
    xlabel(filename)
    for ii=0,llist.count-1 {
        sprint(temp_string2_,"rv(%d)",ii)
        xbutton(llist.object(ii).name,temp_string2_)
      }
    xbutton("Attributes","attrpanl()")
    sprint(temp_string_,"lpvec(filename,vrtmp,%g)",printStep)
    xbutton("Print last vec",temp_string_)
    xbutton("Erase","ge()")
    xpanel()
  }

//** rlist(): like rpanel() but puts up a browser list instead of a panel
proc rlist () {
    sprint(tstr,"%d items on list: Enter regexp for subset or \"All\"",llist.count)
    if (llist.count>50 || numarg()>=1) {
        if (numarg()>=1) regexp=$s1 else if (!string_dialog(tstr,regexp)) return
        if (! strm(regexp,"[Aa][Ll][Ll]")) {
            if (! isobj(tmplist,"List")) tmplist = new List()
            tmplist.remove_all
            for ltr(Xo,llist) {
                Xo.ix=ii1
                if (strm(Xo.name,regexp)) tmplist.append(Xo)
              }
            tmplist.browser(filename,"name")
            tmplist.accept_action("rv(tmplist.object(hoc_ac_).ix)")
            printf("%d selected\n",tmplist.count)
            return
          }
      }
    llist.browser(filename,"name")
    llist.accept_action("rv(hoc_ac_)")
  }

//** rvlist(): like rpanel() but puts up a browser list instead of a panel
proc rvlist () { local flag,rdstr
    rdstr = 1
    flag = $1
    if (numarg()==2) { recstr=$s2  rdstr=0 }
    if (flag==0) {
        llist.browser(filename,"name")
        llist.accept_action("rvec(hoc_ac_)")
      } else if (flag==1) { // proc(vec)
        if (rdstr) string_dialog("Procedure name: proc, called as proc(vec)",recstr)
        llist.browser(recstr,"name")
        sprint(temp_string_,"rv_readvec(hoc_ac_,%s) execute1(\"%s(%s)\")",rvvec_name,recstr,rvvec_name)
        llist.accept_action(temp_string_)
        print ":",recstr,":",temp_string_,":",rvvec_name
      } else if (flag==2) { // vec.command
        if (rdstr) string_dialog("comm: print vec.comm",recstr)
        llist.browser(recstr,"name")
        sprint(temp_string_,"{rvec(hoc_ac_) print %s.%s}",rvvec_name,recstr)
        llist.accept_action(temp_string_)
      }
  }

//* rv() reads line of vector file into IV graph via vector
// rv(llist_ind1[,llist_ind2])
// rvaltdisp(tvec,vec,name)
func rvaltdisp () { return 0 } // if returns 1 means there is an alternate display for rv
obfunc rv () { local inx,inx2 localobj o
    // open the file and go to correct position
    if (numarg() == 0) { print "rv(ind1,ind2) reads into vrtmp bzw vec" return this}
    inx = $1
    if (attr0) {return gv(inx)}
    o=llist.object(inx)
    if (numarg()>1) inx2 = $2 else inx2 = -1 // to graph one vec against another 
    rv_readvec(inx,vrtmp)
    rv2(vrtmp,tvec)
    // create a new plot if necessary and set color
    if (vrtmp.size==0) { // assume this is a spike train in tvec
        nvplt(ind,vrtmp)
        ind.resize(tvec.size) ind.fill(0)
        ind.mark(graphItem,tvec,"O",line,curcol)
      } else if (inx2>-1) { // only make sense if they share the same tvec
        rv_readvec(inx2,vec)
        nvplt(vec,vrtmp)
        if (numarg() >= 3) {
            vec.mark(graphItem,vrtmp,$s3,line,curcol)
          } else {
            vec.mark(graphItem,vrtmp,"O",line,curcol)
          }
      } else if (o.num==-2) {
        nvplt(vrtmp,tvec)
        if (gvmarkflag) {
            if (! rvaltdisp(tvec,vrtmp,llist.object(inx).name)) {
                vrtmp.mark(graphItem,tvec,"O",line,curcol,4) }
          } else vrtmp.line(graphItem,tvec,curcol,line)
      } else if (o.num==-1) {
        printf("rv() PROBLEM: CVODE global read not implemented\n")
      } else {
        if (o.num==0) {
            printf("rv WARNING: taking printstep %g for %s\n",printStep,o.name)
            o.num=printStep
          }
        nvplt(vrtmp,o.num)
        if (gvmarkflag) {
                 vrtmp.mark(graphItem,o.num,"O",line,curcol,4)
          } else vrtmp.line(graphItem,o.num,curcol,line)
      }
    // too much fussing with labels
    if (sfunc.substr(filename,"batch")!=-1 || \
        sfunc.substr(filename,"data")==-1) {
        grvecstr = filename
        } else sfunc.tail(filename,"data",grvecstr)
    if (sfunc.len(llist.object(inx).name)>40) {
        grvecstr=llist.object(inx).name } else {
        sprint(grvecstr,"%s:%s",grvecstr,llist.object(inx).name) }
    rv3(grvecstr)
    if (super == 0 && labelm) { graphItem.label(0,0.9,grvecstr)
      } else if (labelm) graphItem.label(0.0,0.95,grvecstr)
    return graphItem
  }

//* gv(vnum) graphs vector
obfunc gv () {  local a,inx,lin localobj o,v1,vtmp
    inx=-1
    lin=line
    a=allocvecs(vtmp)
    if (numarg()==0) { inx = hoc_ac_ } else { 
        if (argtype(1)==0) inx = $1
        if (argtype(1)==2) {
            for ltr(Xo,printlist) if (strm(Xo.name,$s1)) inx=ii1
            if (inx==-1) {print $s1," not found" return this}}
      }
    if (numarg()>=2) { color=curcol=$2 }
    if (numarg()>=3) { lin=$3 }
    o = printlist.object(inx)
    vtmp.copy(o.vec)
    rv2(o.vec) // alters vtmp
    if (o.vec.size==0) { // assume that this is spk trace
        if (o.tvec.size==0) { printf("\tNO SPIKES IN %s\n",printlist.object(inx).name)
          } else {
            nvplt(o.tvec)
            ind.resize(o.tvec.size) ind.fill(1)
            ind.mark(graphItem,o.tvec,"O",lin,curcol)
          }
      } else { 
        if (o.tvflag!=0) { // o.tvec should point to tvec if tvflag==-1
            nvplt(o.vec,o.tvec)
            if (gvmarkflag) { o.vec.mark(graphItem,o.tvec,"O",lin,curcol)
              } else {          o.vec.line(graphItem,o.tvec,curcol,lin) }
          } else {
            if (o.pstep==0) {
                printf("gv WARNING: vitem.pstep not set with tvflag==0 (%s)\n",o)
                o.pstep=printStep
              }
            nvplt(o.vec,o.pstep)
            if (gvmarkflag) { o.vec.mark(graphItem,o.pstep,"O",lin,curcol)
              } else {          o.vec.line(graphItem,o.pstep,curcol,lin) }
          }
        if (labelm) {
            grvecstr=printlist.object(inx).name
            rv3(grvecstr) graphItem.label(0.,0.9,grvecstr) 
          }
      }
    o.vec.copy(vtmp) // in case has been changed by rv2()
    dealloc(a)
    return graphItem
  }


// go(n) will goto location in the data file
obfunc go () { localobj o
    if (argtype(1)==0) { inx=$1 o=llist.object(inx) } else o=$o1
    tmpfile.seek(o.loc)
    return o
  }

// rv_readvec(index,vec)
// read vector #index from file into vector vec
func rv_readvec () { local inx,ii,n,bvec localobj o
    if (argtype(1)==0) { inx=$1 o=llist.object(inx) } else o=$o1
    n=o.num
    if (mff) {tstr=filename filename=o.f}
    tmpfile.getname(temp_string_) // may not be necessary?
    if (strcmp(temp_string_,filename)!=0 || tmpfile.isopen()==0) { // don't reopen file if there
        if (! tmpfile.ropen(filename)) {
            print "ERROR rv() can't read ",filename 
            return 0
          }
      }
    tmpfile.seek(o.loc)
    bvec=o.ty
    if (numarg()>=3) { 
        if (n!=-2) {
            printf("ERROR rv() called with 2 vecs but only find 1 in %s %s %d\n",filename,o.name,inx)
            return 0
          }
        if (bvec>5) {
            $o2.fread(tmpfile,o.size,bvec-5) $o3.fread(tmpfile,o.size,bvec-5) 
          } else {
            $o2.vread(tmpfile) $o3.vread(tmpfile) 
          }
      } else {
        if (n==-2) {
            if (bvec>5) {
                tvec.fread(tmpfile,o.size,bvec-5) // no error check
              } else if (!tvec.vread(tmpfile)) {
                printf("rv_readvec tvec READ failure in %s %s %d\n",filename,o.name,inx) return 0 }
            if (bvec>5) {
                $o2.fread(tmpfile,o.size,bvec-5) // no error check
              } else  if (! $o2.vread(tmpfile)) {
                printf("rv_readvec vec READ failure in %s %s %d\n",filename,o.name,inx) return 0 }
          }
        if (n==-2 && (tvec.size != $o2.size)) {
            printf("rv_readvec size mismatch in %s %s %d\n",filename,o.name,inx)
            return 0
          }
      }
    if (segments>1) { // needs rewrite
        tmpvec = new Vector($o2.size)
        for ii=1,segments-1 {
            tmpfile.seek(llist.object(inx).loc[ii])
            tmpvec.vread(tmpfile)
            $o2.copy(tmpvec,$o2.size)
          }
        tmpvec = nil
      }
    if (mff) filename=tstr // restore
    return n
  }

//** vf2fwf() take a file in vformat and prints out as multiple fwrites
proc vf2fwf () { local ii localobj f
    f=new File()
    f.wopen($s1)
    for ii=0,entries-1 {
        rv_readvec(ii,vrtmp)
        vrtmp.fwrite(f)
        printf("%d ",vrtmp.size)
      }
    f.close
    printf("\n dt=%g\n",printStep)
  }

//** rvec(num[,vec]) writes to vec, or contents of rvvec_name or
//  to vector of same name if rvvec_name is empty
proc rvec () { local flag,on
    flag=0
    if (sfunc.len(rvvec_name)==0) flag=1
    if (numarg()<1) on=hoc_ac_ else on=$1
    if (numarg()>1) sprint(rvvec_name,"%s",$o2)
    if (sfunc.len(rvvec_name)==0) rvvec_name=llist.object(on).name 
    printf("Copying %s to %s\n",llist.object(on).name,rvvec_name) 
    sprint(temp_string_,"%s.rv_readvec(%d,%s)",this,on,rvvec_name)
    if (flag) rvvec_name="" // clear it again
    if (! execute1(temp_string_)) print "ERROR: Declare target as a vector"
    if (numarg()==4) $o4.copy(tvec)
  }

//** rvl() reads line of vector file into IV graph via vector
// rvl(name,pos[,pos2,pos3,etc])
proc rvl () { local i
    // open the file and go to correct position
    tmpfile.getname(temp_string_)
    if (strcmp(temp_string_,filename)!=0 || tmpfile.isopen()==0) {
        tmpfile.ropen(filename) }  // only open if necessary
    if (tmpfile.isopen==0) { printf("ERROR: %s not found.\n",filename)
          return }
    if (numarg() == 3) { 
        tmpfile.seek($3)
        tmpfile.gets(temp_string_) // throw away line
        vrtmp.vread(tmpfile)
      } else {
        tmpvec = new Vector()
        for i=3,numarg() {
            tmpfile.seek($i)
            tmpvec.vread(tmpfile)
            vrtmp.copy(tmpvec,vrtmp.size)
          } 
      }
    tmpvec = nil
    nvplt(vrtmp)
    vrtmp.line(graphItem,printStep,curcol,line)
    // graph it and label the graph
    if (sfunc.substr(filename,"batch")!=-1) { grvecstr = filename
      } else { sfunc.tail(filename,"data",grvecstr) }
    sprint(grvecstr,"%s:%s",grvecstr,$s2)
    if (super==0 && labelm) { graphItem.label(0,0.9,grvecstr)
      } else if (labelm) graphItem.label(grvecstr)
  }

//* utility programs (not all used or even all usable)
//** nvplt() put up new voltage plot
obfunc nvplt () { local xs,ys,flag,prstep
    prstep=10
    if (super == 0) flag=1 else {
        if (gnum>-1) {
            sprint(tstr,"{Graph[%d]}",gnum)
            if (execute1(tstr,0)) { // Graph[gnum] exists
                if (Graph[gnum].view_count>0) { 
                    graphItem=Graph[gnum] flag=0
                  }               
              } 
          } else if (isobj(graphItem,"Graph")) if (graphItem.view_count() > 0) { 
            flag=0
          } else { flag=1 }                   // else need new graph
      }
    if (flag) {
        if (numarg()==2) if (argtype(2)==0) prstep=$2 else prstep=-1
        if (size[1] != 0) { // xmax is set
            newpl(size[0],size[1],size[2],size[3])
          } else if (prstep<0) {
            newpl(0,$o2.max,$o1.min,$o1.max)
          } else {
            newpl(0,$o1.size()*prstep,$o1.min,$o1.max)
          }
      } else if (gveraseflag) graphItem.erase_all
    if (color == -1) {
        curcol += 1
        if (curcol == 0 || curcol>7) curcol = 1 
      } else curcol = color
    graphItem.color(curcol)
    g=graphItem
    return g
  }

//** grrtsize() use view=plot and then pad a little
proc grrtsize () { local h,w,frac
    if (numarg()>=1) tmpobj=$o1 else tmpobj=graphItem
    if (numarg()>=2) frac = $2 else frac=.05
    tmpobj.exec_menu("View = plot")
    tmpobj.size(&x)
    w=frac*(x[1]-x[0])  h=frac*(x[3]-x[2])
    x[0]-=2*w x[1]+=w x[2]-=4*h x[3]+=h // need extra padding on bottom
    tmpobj.size(x[0],x[1],x[2],x[3])
  }

//** newpl()
proc newpl () { local w,h
    if (numarg()==5) newPlot($1,$2,$3,$4) // 5th arg is flag
    if (numarg()==8) {wvloc[0]=$5 wvloc[1]=$6 wvloc[2]=$7 wvloc[3]=$8}
    graphItem = new Graph(0) 
    g=graphItem
    graphItem.xaxis()	// view axis for x and y
    graphItem.view($1,$3,$2-$1,$4-$3,wvloc[0],wvloc[1],wvloc[2],wvloc[3])
    glist.append(graphItem)
  }

//** find_secname(variable,result): put secname into result
proc find_secname () { localobj o
    if ((sfunc.head($s1,"\.[_A-Za-z0-9]+$",$s2))==0) { // strip off stuff after terminal .
        printf("grvec.hoc:find_secname ERR: no section found: %s\n",$s1) err() }
    if (    strm($s1,"\.[_A-Za-z0-9]+[(][0-9.]+[)]$")) {  // form eg v(0.5)
        sfunc.head($s1,"\.[_A-Za-z0-9]+[(][0-9.]+[)]$",$s2)
      } else {
        o=isit($s2)
        if (o.x) {  // the stem is an obj
          o.o.get_loc() 
          sectionname($s2)
          pop_section()
          } else {
            printf("grvec.hoc:f_s ERR0: Can't find sec: %s\n",$s1) err() 
          }
      }
  }

//** vecpanel() main panel
proc vecpanel () {
    if (! attr0) {printf("vecpanel (main panel) can only be run from attr0\n") return }
    fchooser_flag = 0  // used to initialize the file chooser
    sprint(temp_string_,"%s Vectors",simname)
    xpanel(temp_string_)
    xbutton("Graph from file","newpan()")
    xbutton("Sim vectors","pbrgr(\"Graph\",\"gv\")")
    xbutton("Sim attributes","attrpanl(0)")
    xbutton("Save Sim","pvall()")
    xbutton("Panels","apbrowse()")
    redo_printlist()
    xpanel()
  }

//** lpvec(title,vector,printstep) dumps a single vector onto the printer using jgraph
proc lpvec () { local inx,ii
    tmpfile.wopen("lptmp")
    tmpfile.printf("newgraph\nnewcurve pts\n")
    for ii = 0,$o2.size-1 {
        tmpfile.printf("%g ",ii*$3)
        $o2.printf(tmpfile,"%g",ii,ii)
      }
    tmpfile.printf("marktype none\nlinetype solid\ntitle : %s\n",$s1)
    tmpfile.close()
    system("jgraph -P lptmp > lptmp2")
    system("lpt lptmp2")
  }

//** remgrs() -- clears glist
proc remgrs () { local ii
    for ltr(Xo,glist) Xo.unmap
    if (keepgr!=-1) {
        for (ii=glist.count-1;ii>0;ii-=1) glist.remove(ii) // leave #1
      } else glist.remove_all
  }

//** clear() -- clears llist
proc clear () {
    entries=1 segments=1
    comment = ""
    llist.remove_all()
  }

//** ll() same as external llist
proc ll () { 
    if (numarg()==1) {
        if (attr0==1) { for ltr(XO,printlist) if (strm(XO.name,$s1)) print ii1,XO.name,XO.vec.size
          } else          for ltr(XO,llist) if (strm(XO.name,$s1)) print ii1,XO.name,XO.size
      } else {
        if (attr0==1) { for ltr(XO,printlist) print ii1,XO.name,XO.vec.size
          } else          for ltr(XO,llist) print ii1,XO.name,XO.size
      }
  }

//* read_pclamp(file,vscale,tscale): read physiol data file, similar to read_file()
proc read_pclamp () { local ii,cols,pt,length,pstep,tscale,vscale
    if (! tmpfile.ropen($s1)) { printf("\tERROR: can't open file \"%s\"\n",$s1) }
    if (numarg()>=2) vscale=$2 else vscale=1
    if (numarg()>=3) tscale=$3 else tscale=1e3
    printlist.remove_all()
    method("implicit") printStep=0.1
    tmpfile.gets(temp_string_)  
    length=1
    while (! strm(temp_string_,"^\"Time")) {
        length += 1
        tmpfile.gets(temp_string_)  // first word in line was not a number so next line
      }
    temp_string2_ = temp_string_ // column def line
    cols = count_substr(temp_string_,"[(]") // destructive function
    pt = tmpfile.tell()
    length = file_len($s1) - length
    vrtmp.scanf(tmpfile,length,1,cols) // tvec
    pstep=vrtmp.x[1]-vrtmp.x[0]
    pstep*=tscale // typically gives it in s statt ms
    print "Reading ", cols, " columns; ", length, " lines; tstep=",pstep
    for ii=2,cols { // pick up all of the columns
        tmpfile.seek(pt)
        vrtmp.scanf(tmpfile,length,ii,cols)
        vrtmp.mul(vscale) // correct for a common scaling
        npl("col",ii,vrtmp,pstep)
      }
    if (1) {
        sprint(temp_string2_,"%s:%s",$s1,temp_string2_)
        file_with_dot($s1,filename,"v") // put vfilename into name
        print "Saving to ",filename
        pvplist(filename,temp_string2_)
      }
  }

//* read_file(file,cols[,length]): read multicolumn file
//  see also read_pclamp() above
func read_file () { local ii,cols,pt,length
    if (numarg()==0) { print "\tread_file(\"file\",cols)"
        print "\t(must set tstop and printStep.)"
        return 0
      }
    printStep=10
    if (cvode_status()!=0) print "WARNING: Turn off cvode."
    if (numarg()==3) { length = $3 } else { length=tstop/printStep }
    cols = $2
    if (! tmpfile.ropen($s1)) { printf("\tERROR: can't open file \"%s\"\n",$s1) return 0}
    //  printlist.remove_all()
    tmpfile.scanstr(temp_string_)  pt = 0
    // skip over a comment line; note that this will skip extra line if comment line is
    // just one word long
    while (sfunc.head(temp_string_,"[^-+0-9.e]",temp_string2_) != -1) {
        tmpfile.gets(temp_string_)  // first word in line was not a number so next line
        pt = tmpfile.tell()         // location at next line
        tmpfile.scanstr(temp_string_) // get first word here
        print temp_string2_
      }
    for ii=1,cols { // pick up all of the columns
        tmpfile.seek(pt)
        vrtmp.scanf(tmpfile,length,ii,cols)
        npl("col",ii,vrtmp)
      }
    return 1
  }

//* read_rfile(file): read multirow file
//  use col2row to transpose columnar file first
proc read_rfile() { local num
    if (numarg()==0) { print "\tread_rfile(\"file\")" return }
    if (! tmpfile.ropen($s1)) { printf("\tERROR: can't open file \"%s\"\n",$s1) return}
    printlist.remove_all()
    while (tmpfile.scanstr(temp_string_) != -1) {  // read lines
        num = tmpfile.scanvar() // pick up number of items in col
        vrtmp.scanf(tmpfile,num)
        npl(temp_string_,vrtmp)
      }
  }

//* redo_printlist() menu allows removal or addition of inidividual items
proc redo_printlist () {
    xmenu("Printlist")
    xbutton("Save Sim","pvall()")
    xbutton("Add var to printlist","redolist(0)")
    xbutton("Clear printlist","printlist.remove_all()")
    xbutton("Remove item from printlist","redolist(1)")
    xbutton("Vector.op","redolist(2)")
    xbutton("Proc(vector)","redolist(6)")
    xbutton("Link XO->vec,YO->tvec","redolist(7)")
    xbutton("Graph vector","redolist(4)")
    xbutton("Save printlist","redolist(5)")
    xbutton("Archive to file:","pbrgr(\"Archive\",\"pv\")")
    xbutton("Add all obj's of this type to printlist","redolist(3)")
    xmenu()
  }

//* redolist() set of functions for altering the printlist called by redo_printlist()
proc redolist () { local ii,flag
    if (! isobj(printlist,"List")) printlist = new List()
    flag = $1  rdstr = 1
    if (numarg()==2) { recstr=$s2  rdstr=0 }
    if (flag==0) {
        if (! isobj(scob,"SymChooser")) scob = new SymChooser()
        if (scob.run()) {
            scob.text(temp_string_)
            npl(temp_string_)
          }
      } else if (flag==1) { // remove item
        printlist.browser("Double click on item to remove","name")
        printlist.accept_action("printlist.remove(hoc_ac_)")
      } else if (flag==2) { // .op
        if (rdstr) string_dialog("Enter operation to be run on vec",recstr)
        temp_string_ = "\"%s.%s = %g\\n\""
        sprint(temp_string_,"printf(%s,printlist.object(hoc_ac_).name,\"%s\",x=printlist.object(hoc_ac_).vec.%s)",temp_string_,recstr,recstr)
        printlist.browser(recstr,"name")
        printlist.accept_action(temp_string_)
      } else if (flag==3) { // put another set of things on list
        if (! isobj(scob,"SymChooser")) scob = new SymChooser()
        if (rdstr) string_dialog("String to be used as suffix for all items on list",recstr)
        scob.run()
        scob.text(temp_string_)
        tmplist = new List(temp_string_)
        record(tmplist,recstr)
      } else if (flag==4) { // show it
        pbrgr("Graph","gv")
      } else if (flag==5) {
        fchooser_flag = 0
        tmpfile.chooser("a","Add printlist to file")
        if (tmpfile.chooser()==1) {
            tmpfile.printf("\nproc make_printlist() { \n")
              tmpfile.printf("  printlist.remove_all()\n")
              for ii=0,printlist.count-1 {
                  tmpfile.printf("  npl(\"%s\")\n",printlist.object(ii).name)
                }
              tmpfile.printf("}\nmake_printlist()\n")
            tmpfile.close()
          }
      } else if (flag==6) { // proc(vec)
        if (rdstr) string_dialog("Enter procedure name \"proc\",called as proc(vec,var,num)",recstr)
        printlist.browser(recstr,"name")
        sprint(temp_string_,"%s(printlist.object(hoc_ac_).vec,printlist.object(hoc_ac_).name,hoc_ac_)",recstr)
        printlist.accept_action(temp_string_)
      } else if (flag==7) { // XO is pointer to vec
        printlist.browser("XO","name")
        sprint(temp_string_,"{tmpobj=printlist.object(hoc_ac_) print hoc_ac_,tmpobj.name XO=tmpobj.vec YO=tmpobj.tvec}")
        printlist.accept_action(temp_string_)
      } 
  }

//** mkmenu(title,action,proc) makes a menu from printlist
proc mkmenu () { local ii
    xmenu($s1)
    for ii=0,printlist.count-1 {
        sprint(temp_string_,"%s %s",$s2,printlist.object(ii).name)
        sprint(temp_string2_,"%s(%d)",$s3,ii)
        xbutton(temp_string_,temp_string2_)
      }
    sprint(temp_string_,"mkpanel(\"%s\",\"%s\",\"%s\")",$s1,$s2,$s3)
    xbutton("Leave up",temp_string_)
    xmenu()
  }

//** pbrgr(browser name,action) is used to put up a browser
// note action given without '()'
proc pbrgr () {
    if (printlist.count == 1) {
        gv(0)
      } else if (printlist.count <= 8) {
        mkpanel("Vector",$s1,$s2)
      } else {
        sprint(temp_string_,"%s:%s",simname,$s1)
        printlist.browser(temp_string_,"name")
        sprint(temp_string2_,"%s()",$s2)
        printlist.accept_action(temp_string2_)
      }
  }

//** mkpanel(title,action,proc) makes a panel from printlist
proc mkpanel () { local ii
    sprint(temp_string_,"%s:%s",simname,$s1)
    xpanel(temp_string_)
    for ii=0,printlist.count-1 {
        sprint(temp_string_,"%s %s",$s2,printlist.object(ii).name)
        sprint(temp_string2_,"%s(%d)",$s3,ii)
        xbutton(temp_string_,temp_string2_)
      }
    xpanel()
  }

//** remprl() -- remove printlist item by name
proc remprl () { local flag
    flag=0
    if (numarg()==2) flag=1 else print "LISTING ONLY; rerun with 2 args to remove"
    for (ii=printlist.count-1;ii>=0;ii-=1) {
        Xo=printlist.object(ii)
        if (strm(Xo.name,$s1)) if (flag) printlist.remove(ii) else print Xo.name
      }
  }

// for ltr(XO,glist) { print XO,XO.view_count }

//** wvpanl() 
proc wvpanl () { local  ii
    sfunc.tail(filename,"data.*/",grvecstr)
    sprint(temp_string_,"%s:%s (WVPANL)",simname,grvecstr)
    xpanel(temp_string_)
    sprint(temp_string_,"%d Vectors",llist.count)
    xlabel(temp_string_)
    for ii=0,3 {
         sprint(temp_string_,"size[%d]",ii)
         sprint(temp_string2_,"chrange(%d)",ii)
         xvalue(szstr[ii].s,temp_string_,0,temp_string2_,0,1)
      }
    xvalue("Shift L/R","shift",0,"chrange(-2)",0,1)
    xmenu("Other")
    xbutton("Clear/Set to G0","chrange(-1)")
    xbutton("View=plot","viewplot()")
    xbutton("0,tstop,-90,50","setrange(0,tstop,-90,50)")
    // xbutton("Clean graph list","collapsegrs()")
    xbutton("Attributes","attrpanl()")
    xmenu()
    xpanel()
    if (glist.count>0) for ii=0,3 if (size[ii]==0) size[ii]=glist.object(0).size(ii+1)
  }

//** chrange() changes range for a set of graphs (called from attrpanl)
proc chrange () { local cnt, flag, ii, sz1, sz2, sz3, sz4
    if (numarg()==1) { flag = $1 } else { flag = -1 }
    cnt = glist.count()
    for (ii=cnt-1;ii>=0;ii=ii-1) if (glist.object(ii).view_count() == 0) glist.remove(ii)
    cnt = glist.count() // check again after removing any with no views
    if (cnt==0) { for ii=0,3 size[ii]=0 return }
    // flag -1 means set everything from the first graph
    if (flag==-1) for ii=0,3 size[ii] = glist.object(0).size(ii+1)
    if (flag==-2) for ii=0+luprd,1+luprd size[ii] += shift // shift right or left
    if (flag==5) { size[0]=0 size[1]=tstop } // just set x
    // for each of the graphs
    for ltr(Xo,glist) {
        sz1=Xo.size(1) sz2=Xo.size(2) sz3=Xo.size(3) sz4=Xo.size(4)
        if (flag==0) Xo.size(size[0],sz2,sz3,sz4)
        if (flag==1) Xo.size(sz1,size[1],sz3,sz4)
        if (flag==2) Xo.size(sz1,sz2,size[2],sz4)
        if (flag==3) Xo.size(sz1,sz2,sz3,size[3])
        if (flag==-1 || flag==4) Xo.size(size[0],size[1],size[2],size[3])
        if ((flag==-2 && !luprd) || flag==5) Xo.size(size[0],size[1],sz3,sz4)
        if (flag==-2 && luprd) Xo.size(sz1,sz2,size[2],size[3])
      }
    for ii=0,3 if (size[ii]==0) size[ii]=glist.object(0).size(ii+1)
  }

//** grall() graphs all of the lines from the file
// use vector $o2 as indices for vectors (see tposvec)
proc grall () { local cnt,ii,min,max,gr,skip,iskp,vind,sind,a
    if (numarg()==0) {printf("grall(min,max,gr_offset,skipgr,iskp]): graph vectors.\n") return }
    sind=vind=0
    cnt = llist.count()
    min=0 max=cnt-1
    // will reset max if is vector with numarg()==2
    // with 2 args, vector $o2 gives indices for vectors (see tposvec)
    if (numarg()>=1) {
        if (argtype(1)==0) { min=$1
          } else { // a vector of indices or a string for prdr/vrdr
            a=allocvecs(1)
            if (argtype(1)==1) { vind=1 mso[a].copy($o1) } else sind=1
          }
      }
    if (numarg()>1) { max=$2 if (max<0) max+=llist.count }
    if (numarg()>2) gr=$3 else gr=0
    if (numarg()>3) skip=$4 else skip=1
    if (numarg()>4) iskp=$5 else iskp=1
    if (iskp==0) iskp=1
    if (super==1 && glist.count==0) { 
        remgrs()
        print "Creating plot"
        skip=0
        newPlot(0,tstop,-100,100) glist.append(graphItem)}
    if (super==0 && glist.count==0) size[1]=0
    if (sind) { 
        // for vrdr(aa,$s2,1,1) aa.x(0).append(ii1)
        vind=1
      }
    if (vind) { min=0 max=mso[a].size-1 }
    for (ii=min;ii<=max;ii+=iskp) {
        if (super == 1) { 
            if (gr >= glist.count()) break
            graphItem = glist.object(gr) 
            gr=gr+skip
          }
        if (vind) rv(mso[a].x[ii]) else rv(ii)
      }
    if (vind) dealloc(a)
  }

// go through tmplist selected in rlist and graph onto glist
proc grsel () { localobj o
    for ii=0,tmplist.count-1 {
        rv_readvec((o=tmplist.o(ii)),vrtmp)
        if (ii<glist.count) graphItem=glist.o(ii) else {
            printf("GRV grsel() glist exhausted\n")
            return }
        if (o.num==-2) { // guess should do mark
            vrtmp.mark(graphItem,tvec,"O",line+2,curcol,4)
          } else vrtmp.line(graphItem,o.num,curcol,line)
      }
  }    

// tposvec(rows,cols): generate the indices for a transposed matrix of rows x cols
proc tposvec () { local rows,cols,i,j
    rows=$2 cols=$3
    $o1.resize($2*$3)
    for (i=0;i<rows;i+=1) for (j=0;j<cols;j+=1) $o1.x[j*rows+i]=i*cols+j
  }

// fliptb(rows,cols): generate the indices for a transposed matrix of rows x cols
proc fliptb () { local rows,cols,i,j,p
    rows=$2 cols=$3
    if ($o1.size != $2*$3) {print "Wrong size vector in fliptb()" return}
    p = allocvecs(1) mso[p].resize(rows)
    for (j=0;j<cols;j+=1) {
        mso[p].copy($o1,j*rows,(j+1)*rows-1)
        mso[p].reverse
        $o1.copy(mso[p],j*rows)
      }
  }

//** setrange() sets the range
// setrange(x0,x1,y0,y1)
proc setrange () { local i,ii
    if (numarg()==0){print "setrange(x0,x1,y0,y1)\n setrange(3) erases axes"}
    if (numarg()==0) { for ltr(Xo,glist) Xo.size(0,tstop,-100,50)
      } else if (numarg()==1) { for ltr(Xo,glist) Xo.xaxis($1)
      } else if (numarg()==2) { for ltr(Xo,glist) Xo.size(0,tstop,$1,$2)
      } else {
        size[0]=$1
        for ltr(Xo,glist) Xo.size($1,$2,$3,$4)
        for i=1,4 size[i-1]=$i
      }
    for ii=0,3 if (size[ii]==0) size[ii]=glist.object(0).size(ii+1)
  }

//* gxpan()
proc gxpan () { local x localobj xo,yo,g1
    gcomms.remove_all
    gcomms.append(new String2("Move","mvga"))
    gcomms.append(new String2("Mag","magga"))
    for ltr(xo,gcomms) for ltr(yo,glist) {
        yo.menu_remove(xo.s)
        yo.menu_tool(xo.s,xo.t)
      }
    gcomms.append(new String2("Crosshair",""))
    xpanel("Manipulate graphs",1)
    x=-1
    for ltr(xo,gcomms) {sprint(tstr,"mvgaset(%d)",x+=1) xradiobutton(xo.s,tstr)}
    xpanel()
  }  

proc mvgaset () { localobj yo
    print $1,gcomms.o($1).s
    for ltr(yo,glist) yo.exec_menu(gcomms.o($1).s) 
  }

proc mvga () { local type,x,y,keystate,sz1,sz2,sz3,sz4 localobj xo,yo
    type=$1 x=$2 y=$3 keystate=$4 // 2 for press, 1 for dragging, and 3 for release
    xo=glist.o(0)
    sz1=xo.size(1) sz2=xo.size(2) sz3=xo.size(3) sz4=xo.size(4)
    if (type == 2) {
        begx=x begy=y
      } else if (type==3) {
        x-=begx y-=begy
        size[0]=sz1-x size[1]=sz2-x size[2]=sz3-y size[3]=sz4-y
        for ltr(xo,glist) xo.size(sz1-x,sz2-x,sz3-y,sz4-y)
      }
  }

proc magga () { local tmp,type,x,y,begx,begy,keystate,sz1,sz2,sz3,sz4 localobj xo,yo
    type=$1 x=$2 y=$3 keystate=$4 // 2 for press, 1 for dragging, and 3 for release
    xo=glist.o(0)
    sz1=xo.size(1) sz2=xo.size(2) sz3=xo.size(3) sz4=xo.size(4)
    if (type == 2) {
        begx=x begy=y
      } else if (type==3) {
        if (x<begx) { tmp=x x=begx begx=tmp }
        if (y<begy) { tmp=y y=begy begy=tmp }
        size[0]=begx size[1]=x size[2]=begy size[3]=y
        for ltr(xo,glist) xo.size(size[0],size[1],size[2],size[3])
      }
  }

//* grransel() -- graph range select
proc setgrransel () {
    for ltr(Xo,glist) { 
        Xo.menu_remove("REVIEW")
        sprint(tstr,"proc p%d(){grransel($1,$2,$3,$4,%d,%s)}",ii1,ii1,Xo)
        execute1(tstr)
        sprint(tstr,"p%d",ii1)
        Xo.menu_tool("REVIEW", tstr)
        Xo.exec_menu("REVIEW")
      }
  }
  
//** grransel(): CTL-hit == Crosshair
//               SHT-hit == resize
//               hit-drag-release == show in square
//               SHT-hit-drag-release == show new thing there
// Type: press (2), drag (1), release (3)
// Keystate: META-SHT-CTL eg 101=5 is META-CTL
grrcnt=-1
// not debugged
proc grransel () { local type, x0, y0, keystate, ii, gr
    type=$1 x0=$2 y0=$3 keystate=$4 gr=$5
    graphItem=$o7 // = glist.object(gr)
    if (keystate==1 && type==2) { graphItem.exec_menu("Crosshair") // CTL-MOUSE-1
      } else if (keystate==3 && type==3) { 
        print grrcnt
        if (grrcnt>-1) { printf("Graphing %s\n",printlist.object(grrcnt).name)
            graphItem.erase_all()
            rv(grrcnt) 
            graphItem.exec_menu("View = plot")
          }
        graphItem.size(size[0],size[1],size[2],size[3])
      } else if (keystate==2 && type==2) { grrcnt=-1
      } else if (keystate==2 && type==1) { 
        x+=1 // slow it down five-fold
        if (x>5) { grrcnt=(grrcnt+1)%printlist.count
            printf("%d: %s\n",grrcnt,printlist.object(grrcnt).name)
            x=0
          }
      } else if (keystate==0 && type==2) { x=x0 y=y0 } else if (keystate==0 && type==3) {
        graphItem.size(x,x0,y,y0) // resize to chosen square
      } 
  }

//** remgrs() gets rid of all of the graphs (called from attrpanl)
proc remgrs () { local ii,cnt
    if (isobj(graphItem,"Graph")) { graphItem.unmap graphItem = nil }
    for ltr (Xo,glist) Xo.unmap()
    glist.remove_all
  }

//** collapsegrs () take off of glist graphs that have been closed on screen
proc collapsegrs () { local ii
    for (ii=glist.count-1;ii>=0;ii-=1) {
        if (glist.object(ii).view_count() == 0) { 
            glist.remove(ii)
          }
      }
  }

//** viewplot() set the world for each graph correctly
proc viewplot () { local cnt,ii,flag,sz1,sz2,sz3,sz4
    if (numarg()==1) flag=$1 else flag=-1
    if (flag==0) { sz1=sz3=1e10 sz2=sz4=-1e10 }
    for ltr(Xo,glist) {
        Xo.size(&x[0])
        if (flag==0) { 
            if (x[0]<sz1) sz1=x[0]
            if (x[1]>sz2) sz2=x[1]
            if (x[2]<sz3) sz3=x[2]
            if (x[3]>sz4) sz4=x[3]
          } else if (flag==9) {
            Xo.size(0,tstop,x[2],x[3])
          } else { Xo.size(x[0],x[1],x[2],x[3]) }
      }
    if (flag==9) { size[0]=0 size[1]=tstop }
    if (flag==0) for ltr(Xo,glist) Xo.size(sz1,sz2,sz3,sz4)
  }

//** nvwall() changes the size of the graphs
proc nvwall () { local cnt,ii,sz1,sz2,sz3,sz4,wd,ht
    if (numarg()==2) { wd=$1 ht=$2 } else { wd=vsz[0] ht=vsz[1] }
    cnt = glist.count()
    for (ii=cnt-1;ii>=0;ii=ii-1) { 
        if (glist.object(ii).view_count()==0) {glist.remove(ii)
          } else {
            sz1 = glist.object(ii).size(1)
            sz2 = glist.object(ii).size(2)
            sz3 = glist.object(ii).size(3)
            sz4 = glist.object(ii).size(4)
            glist.object(ii).unmap()
            vloc = vloc+vjmp
            if (vloc > 700) { vloc = 0 }
            glist.object(ii).view(sz1,sz3,sz2-sz1,sz4-sz3,0,vloc,wd,ht)
          }
      }
  }

//** geall() erases all of the graphs
proc geall () { local cnt,ii
    cnt = glist.count()
    for ii=0,cnt-1 { 
        glist.object(ii).erase_all()
      }
  }

//** lblall(label,#,xloc,yloc) put label on all of the graphs
// arg3 tells which single graph to put it on
proc lblall () { local cnt,ii,min,max,lx,ly
    if (numarg()==0) { printf("lblall([,loc])\n")  return }
    cnt = glist.count()
    if (numarg()>1) { min=max=$2 } else { min=0 max=cnt-1 }
    if (numarg()==5) { lx=$3 ly=$4 } else { lx=0.1 ly=0.8 }
    if (numarg()>1) { if (sfunc.len($s1)>0) { temp_string_ = $s1
        }}
    for ii=min,max { 
        glist.object(ii).color(color)
        glist.object(ii).label(lx,ly,temp_string_)
      }
  }

//** relbl() put appropriate label on all of the graphs
proc relbl () { local cnt,ii,min,max,lx,ly
    if (numarg()==0) { printf("relbl([str])\n")  return }
    cnt = glist.count()
    if (numarg()==4) { lx=$3 ly=$4 } else { lx=0.1 ly=0.8 }
    if (numarg()>1) glist.object(0).label($s2)
    for ii=0,glist.count-1 {
        Xo=glist.object(0) Yo=llist.object(0)
        Xo.color(0)
        Xo.label(0.,.9,Yo.name) 
        Xo.color(color)
        Xo.label(lx,ly,Yo.vec.label)
      }
  }

//** toggle functions
proc tog (){if (numarg()==0) print super=1-super else print $&1=1-$&1}
proc togmark () {
    if (gvmarkflag==0) { gvmarkflag=1 if (line<4) line+=1
      } else {             gvmarkflag=0 if (line>6) line-=1
      }
    sprint(tstr,"gvmarkflag=%d",gvmarkflag) // set external gvmarkflag as well
    execute(tstr)
    sprint(mesg,"mark=%d",gvmarkflag)
  }

//* panobjl stuff
proc apbrowse () {
    panobjl.browser("attrpanls","s")
    panobjl.accept_action("panobjl.object(hoc_ac_).attrpanl()")
  }

//** po(NUM) set global panobj to that number
proc po () { 
    sprint(tstr,"panobj=GRV[%d]",$1)
    execute(tstr)
  }

proc apkill () {
    panobjl.browser("attrpanls","s")
    panobjl.accept_action("panobjl.remove(hoc_ac_)")
  }

//* printlist stuff

//** record(list,what,vecptr) from items in $o1 object(ii).$s2 in vectors
// $o1 is the list arg $s2 is the thing to be recorded [eg soma.v(0.5)]
// optional $3 is the name of an object belonging to list items that will
// serve as a pointer to the recording vector
proc record () { local ii, dur, na3
    if (isobj($o1,"List")) for ltr(Xo,$o1) {
        sprint(recstr,"%s.%s",Xo,$s2)
        npl(recstr) 
        if (numarg()==3) { 
            sprint(temp_string_,"%s.%s=printlist.object(printlist.count-1).vec",Xo,$s3)
            execute(temp_string_) // only way to get call by ref for object
          }
      } else forsec $o1 { // assume sectionlist
        sprint(recstr,"%s.%s",secname(),$s2)
        npl(recstr) 
        if (numarg()==3) { 
            sprint(temp_string_,"%s.%s=printlist.object(printlist.count-1).vec",Xo,$s3)
            execute(temp_string_) // only way to get call by ref for object
          }
      } 
  }

//** npl(name) adds this item to the printlist
//  npl(name,vec) adds this vec to the printlist
//  npl(name,vec,tvec) adds this vec to the printlist
//  npl(var,name) use name instead of variable name
//  npl(var,ptr) provide an objref to point to the vec
//  npl(name,num,vec)??adds this vec to the printlist under name_num0,name_num1,etc
proc npl () { local dur,nflag,tvflag,prstep  // METHOD DEPENDENT
    if (! isobj(printlist,"List")) printlist = new List()
    tvflag=nflag=0  prstep=0.05
    if (cvode_status()==0.0) {
        sprint(tstr,"%s.printStep=printStep",this)
        execute(tstr)
        prstep=printStep
      } else if (cvode_status()==1.1) {
        tvflag=1
      } else if (cvode_status()==1.0) { // ??
      }
    if (outvecint == 0) dur = tstop else dur = outvecint
    grvecstr = $s1
    repl_mstr(grvecstr," ","",temp_string2_) // no longer splits on '/'
    // eg npl(name,ii,vec)
    if (numarg()>=4) if ($4<=0) tvflag=1 else { tvflag=0 prstep=$4 }
    if (numarg()>=3) { // allows formation of tags on the fly
        if (argtype(3)==0) { 
            if ($3<=0) tvflag=1 else { tvflag=0 prstep=$3 }
          } else if (argtype(2)==0) {
            sprint(temp_string_,"%s%s",grvecstr,":%d")
            sprint(temp_string_,temp_string_,$2)
            vite = new vitem(temp_string_,$o3.size)
            vite.vec.copy($o3)
            if (numarg()==4) if (argtype(4)==1) {
                vite.tvec.copy($o4) vite.tvflag=1 vite.pstep=0
              } else if (argtype(4)==0) { vite.pstep=$4
              } else printf("Arg 4 unrecognized in npl?\n")
            printlist.append(vite)
            return
          } else if (argtype(2)==1) { 
            vite = new vitem(grvecstr,$o2.size,1)
            vite.vec.copy($o2) vite.tvec.copy($o3)
            printlist.append(vite)
            return
          }
      } 
    if (numarg()>=2) { // second arg is a vector to store
        if (argtype(2)==1) {
            vite = new vitem(grvecstr,$o2.size)
            vite.tvflag=tvflag vite.pstep=prstep
            vite.vec.copy($o2)
            printlist.append(vite)
            return
          } else if (argtype(2)==2) {  // give explicit name for the thing to store
            nflag=1
          }
      }
    if (cvode_status()==1.0) { 
        if (tvec.buffer_size==0){tvec.resize(dur/prstep+10) tvec.resize(0)}
        tvec.record(&t) 
      } else if (isobj(tvec,"Vector")) if (tvec.size!=0) { 
        tvec.resize(0) tvec.play_remove()          
      }
    if (nflag) { 
        if (tvflag) { vite = new vitem($s2,dur/prstep+10,1) } else {
                        vite = new vitem($s2,dur/prstep+10,prstep)   }
      } else {
        if (tvflag) { vite = new vitem(grvecstr,dur/prstep+10,1) } else {
                        vite = new vitem(grvecstr,dur/prstep+10,prstep) }
      }
    if (numarg()==2) if (argtype(2)==1) $o2=vite.vec // allow user to assign a pointer
    printlist.append(vite)
    if (tvflag) {
        vite.vec.resize(dur/prstep+10) vite.tvec.resize(dur/prstep+10)
        find_secname(grvecstr,temp_string_) // with lvardt, need to assign in proper context
        sprint(temp_string_,"%s {cvode.record(&%s,%s.vite.vec,%s.vite.tvec)}",temp_string_,grvecstr,this,this)
      } else if (cvode_status()==1.0) { // don't give an explicit prstep
        vite.vec.resize(dur/prstep+10)
        sprint(temp_string_,"%s.vite.vec.record(&%s)",this,grvecstr)
      } else {
        sprint(temp_string_,"%s.vite.vec.record(&%s,%g)",this,grvecstr,prstep)
      }
    if (! execute1(temp_string_)) print "Unable to excute ",temp_string_
    vite=nil
  }

//** store cvode state in a double in form active.local
func cvode_status () { return cvode.active() + cvode.use_local_dt()/10 }

proc ulv () {  }

//** pvall() dumps all vectors to output_file
// Save logic:
// 1) Interactive mode: you're watching simulations while printing out
// data.  You see something you like and save it - the runnum in the
// index file then corrsponds to the number on the data file, it is
// subsequently augmented
// 2) Batch mode: you're running very long sims and saving directly to
// vector files.  You put together a simulation you want and save it
// immediately rather than waiting for the sim to return (in 1 or 2
// days).  To correspond, the data file (v*) must then be numbered
// 'runnum-dec_runnum'
proc pvall () { 
    if (numarg()>=1) { 
        comment = $s1 // a comment
      } else if (sfunc.len(comment)==0) {
        sprint(tstr,"%s.comment=comment",this) execute(tstr)
        sprint(tstr,"Use: %s ?",comment)
        if (!boolean_dialog(tstr)) return
      }
    if (numarg()>=2) output_file=$s2 else {
        sprint(output_file,"%sv%s.%02d",ddir,datestr,runnum-dec_runnum)
        while (tmpfile.ropen(output_file)) { runnum = runnum+1
            printf("%s found, trying %sv%s.%02d\n",output_file,ddir,datestr,runnum-dec_runnum)
            sprint(output_file,"%sv%s.%02d",ddir,datestr,runnum-dec_runnum) 
          }
      }
    printf("Saving to %s\n",output_file)
    pvplist(output_file,comment)
    sprint(output_file,"%sv%s.%02d",ddir,datestr,runnum)
    comment=""
  }

//** pvplist(file,comment,tback) print out the printlist with comment at head
proc pvother () {}  // user can dump other vectors at top with prvec()
proc pvplist () { local inx,tmin,tmax,tback localobj oq,xo
    output_file=$s1
    if (! pvplist0()) return // open file(s)
    pvplist1($s2) // print string header
    if (numarg()==3) if ($3>1) {
        tback=$3 tmax=printlist.o(0).tvec.max
        if (tmax>tback) {
            tmin=tmax-tback
            oq=new NQS() 
            for ltr(xo,printlist) {
                oq.setcols(xo.tvec,xo.vec)
                oq.select(0,">",tmin)
                oq.cpout()
                oq.resize(0)
              }
          }
      }
    pvout() 
    if (numarg()<3) { // leave for appending if $3==1
                         tmpfile.close() tf1.close()
      } else if ($3>1) { tmpfile.close() tf1.close() }
  }

//** pvclose() -- close files used for writing
proc pvclose () {
    tmpfile.close()
    tf1.close()
  }

//** pvplist0() -- open output_file and ancillary dot file if needed
func pvplist0 () { localobj st
    st=new String2()
    file_with_dot(output_file,st.s) // put .filename into st.s
    if (numarg()==0) {
        if (tmpfile.ropen(st.s)) { printf("WARNING: removing %s\n",st.s)
            sprint(st.t,"rm %s",st.s) system(st.t) }
        if (tmpfile.wopen(st.s)==0) { print "Can't open ",st.s  return 0}
        if (! isojt(tf1,tmpfile)) tf1=new File()
        tf1.wopen(output_file)
      } else {
        if (tmpfile.aopen(st.s)==0) { print "Can't open ",st.s," to append" return 0}
        if (! isojt(tf1,tmpfile)) tf1=new File()
        tf1.aopen(output_file)
      }
    return 1
  }

//** prplist1()
proc pvplist1 () {
    tmpfile.printf("//: %s\n",$s1) // comment
    if (cvode_status()==1.1) {
        tmpfile.printf("//printStep -2\n")
      } else if (cvode_status()==1.0) {
        tmpfile.printf("//printStep -1\n")
      } else {
        sprint(tstr,"%s.printStep=printStep",this)
        execute(tstr)
        tmpfile.printf("//printStep %g\n",printStep)
      }
    if (byte_store) tmpfile.printf("//CPU %s\n",uname)
  }

//** pvnext() append another printlist set to same file
proc pvnext () { local ii
    if ($1==0) { 
        pvplist(output_file,comment,1)
        return
      }
    pvplist0(0) // open for appending
    pvout()
    printf("Append to %s\n",output_file)
    tmpfile.close()
    tf1.close
  }

//** pvout() called by pvplist() and pvnext(), actually puts out the vecs
proc pvout () {  // METHOD DEPENDENT
    pvout2()
    if (cvode_status()==1.0 && tvec.max>0) { 
        tmpfile.printf("//b%d 1 %s %d %d\n",tvec_bytesize,"CVODE1.0 tvec",tvec.size,tf1.tell)
        tvec.vwrite(tf1,tvec_bytesize) 
      }
    for ltr(Xo,printlist) { // no whitespace allowed
        if (Xo.code==2) continue
        if (sfunc.len(Xo.vec.label)>0) sprint(temp_string_,"%s__(%s)",Xo.vec.label,Xo.name) else {
            temp_string_=Xo.name } 
        pvpone(Xo)
      }
  }

//** dir2pr(item#[,OUTFILE,OUTCOMMENT]) read the files in dir and add one item to printlist
// see also collect.hoc for batch use
proc dir2pr () { local ix,ps
    printlist.remove_all 
    ix=$1
    for ltr(Xo,dir) {
        read_vfile(Xo.s)
        rv_readvec(ix,vrtmp)
        ps=llist.o(ix).num // pstep: need if want to save a fixed step entry
        grv_.npl(comment,vrtmp,tvec)
      }
    if (numarg()==3) { grv_.pvplist($s2,$s3) read_vfile($s2) }
  }

//** dir2mf(FILENAME,COMMENT) read the files in dir and create a master file
proc dir2mf () { local ix,ps,n localobj f
    f=new File()
    f.wopen($s1)
    f.printf("//: %s\n",$s2)
    for ltr(Xo,dir) {
        read_vfile(Xo.s)
        n=-1
        for ltr(Yo,llist) if (dir2mf2(n+=1)) {
            // repl_mstr(comment," ",";",temp_string2_) // no spaces allowed
            // sprint(temp_string_,"%s_%s",Yo.name,comment)
            f.printf("//b%d %g %s %d %d %s\n",bvec,Yo.num,Yo.name,Yo.size,Yo.loc,filename)
          }
      }
    f.close()
  }

//** read_mf() reads a master file
// assumes file in tmpfile
func read_mf () { local ii,sz,loc,mult,sze,cloc,segs localobj o
    if (attr0) {
        if (!boolean_dialog("Look at file data instead of sim?","YES","NO")) {
            printf("Read file cancelled\n")
            return 0
          }
      } else { attr0=0 }
    if (numarg()==1) filename=$s1 else tmpfile.getname(filename)
    sprint(s,"GRV[%d] %s: %s",objnum(this),simname,filename)
    clear()
    if (!tmpfile.ropen(filename)) { print "E1: Can't open ",filename return 0 }
    while ((numr = tmpfile.gets(tstr)) != -1 && (sfunc.head(tstr,"//[^b]",temp_string2_)==0)) {
        read_vinfo()  // a line giving info about the file (eg comment)
      }
    tmpfile.seek(-numr,1) // back up
    ii=0
    while ((numr = tmpfile.gets(tstr)) != -1) {
        if (((ii+=1)%10000)==0) printf("%d ",ii)
        if (sscanf(tstr,"//b%1ld %g %s %ld %ld %s",&bvec,&nvec,tstr2,&sze,&loc,tstr)!=6) {
            printf("**** GRV read_mf() parse ERR on %s in %s",tstr,filename)
            return 0
          }
        llist.append(new vfile_line(tstr2,sze,loc,nvec,tstr))  // name size loc num
      }
    if (llist.count==0) {
        printf("grvec.hoc::read_mf ERR nothing read from %s\n",filename)
        return 0
      }
    entries=llist.count
    mff=1
    return 1
  }

//** prvec(name,vec,byte_flag[,file])
proc prvec () { local bflag
    if (numarg()>3) { tmpfile.aopen($s4) }
    bflag = $3
    tmpfile.printf("//b%d 1 %s %d %d\n",bflag,$s1,$o2.size,tf1.tell())
    $o2.vwrite(tf1,bflag) 
    if (numarg()>3) { tmpfile.close() }
  }

//** pv() dumps a single vector into output_file
proc pv () { local inx  
    sprint(output_file,"%sv%s.%02d",ddir,datestr,runnum-dec_runnum)
    if (numarg()==0) { inx = hoc_ac_ } else { inx = $1 }
    printf("Printing %s to %s\n",printlist.object(inx).name,output_file)
    // string_dialog("Name for saved vector",printlist.object(inx).name)
    if (tmpfile.ropen(output_file)) { // file exists already
        file_with_dot(output_file,temp_string_) // put .filename into temp_string_
        tmpfile.aopen(temp_string_) tf1.aopen(output_file)
        printf("Appending to %s\n",output_file)
      } else { 
        pvplist0()
        pvplist1(comment)
      }
    pvpone()
    tmpfile.close()
    tf1.close
  }

//** pvpone() -- write out a vector or vector pair to the file
proc pvpone () {  // METHOD DEPENDENT
    if (byte_store) {
        if (isassigned($o1.tvec)) {
            tmpfile.printf("//b%d -2 %s %d %d\n",byte_store,temp_string_,$o1.vec.size,tf1.tell)
            $o1.tvec.vwrite(tf1,tvec_bytesize) 
          } else if ($o1.pstep>0) {
            tmpfile.printf("//b%d %g %s %d %d\n",byte_store,$o1.pstep,temp_string_,$o1.vec.size,tf1.tell)
          } else {
            tmpfile.printf("//b%d -1 %s %d %d\n",byte_store,temp_string_,$o1.vec.size,tf1.tell)
          }
        $o1.vec.vwrite(tf1,byte_store)
      }
  }

//** cpplitem([num]) copy X0 to new item in printlist, optional arg can be pos or neg
proc cpplitem () { local num,cnt
    cnt = printlist.count
    if (numarg()>0) {if ($1>=0) num=$1 else num=cnt+$1} else num=cnt-1
    if (num>cnt-1 || num<0) {
        printf("%d!: Only %d items (0-%d) in list.\n",num,cnt,cnt-1) return 
      }
    if (numarg()>1) grvecstr=$s2 else sprint(grvecstr,"Copy_of_%s",printlist.object(num).name)
    npl(grvecstr,printlist.object(num).vec)
    print printlist.count-1,":XO -> ",grvecstr
    XO = printlist.object(printlist.count-1).vec
  }

//** chgplname([num],STR) change name of item in printlist
proc chgplname () { local num,cnt
    cnt = printlist.count
    if (numarg()>0) {if ($1>=0) num=$1 else num=cnt+$1} else num=cnt-1
    if (num>cnt-1 || num<0) {
        printf("%d!: Only %d items (0-%d) in list.\n",num,cnt,cnt-1) return 
      }
    printlist.object(num).name=$s2
  }

// new_pri(NAME,TVEC,VEC) quick and dirty new_printlist_item
proc new_pri () {
    vite = new vitem($s1,$o2.size)
    if (numarg()==3) { vite.tvec.copy($o2) vite.vec.copy($o3) } else vite.vec.copy($o2)
    printlist.append(vite)
    vite=nil
  }

//* prlexp(sz) expands all the vectors in printlist to size sz
proc prlexp () { 
    sz = $1
    tvec.resize(sz)
    for ltr(Xo,printlist) { Xo.vec.resize(sz) }
  }

//* iterators for printlist and files
//** rvtr() read vector iterator
// usage 'for rvtr(vec) XO.vec.printf' where # is attrpanl#
// not debugged for presence of tvec in cvode
iterator rvtr () { local i,flag,s4flag
    if (numarg()>=2) {$&2=0} else {i1 = 0}
    if (numarg()==3) s4flag=1 else s4flag=0
    for i = 0, entries-1 {
        tstr = llist.object(i).name
        if (s4flag) {if (strm(tstr,$s3)) flag=1 else flag=0}
        if (flag) {
            rv_readvec(i,$o1)    
            iterator_statement
            if (numarg()>=2) { $&2+=1 } else { i1+=1 }
          }
      }
  }

//** vrdr(vlist[,REGEXP or INDV,flag,&y]) -- used for llist
// similar to rvtr() but does interpolation
// use regexp eg for prdr("PYR2.8") { etc }
// optional flag to NOT interpolate
// indv gives set of llist nums to search through (can use with "" as regexp)
// sets 4 vectors in vlist: voltage,times,interp v, interp t
iterator vrdr () { local flag,a,ii localobj rxp,v1,tv1,v2,tv2,ipt
    if (numarg()==0) printf("\t**** HELP::  vrdr(vlist[,REGEXP or INDV,flag,&y]) ****\n")
    curcol=0
    rxp=new String()
    a=allocvecs(ipt)
    if (!isojt($o1,llist)) $o1=new List()
    if ($o1.count==4) { // use the list we're given
        for ii=0,3 if (!isojt($o1.o(ii),vrtmp)) {
            printf("vrdr: Nonvector in vlist:%s\n",$o1.o(ii))
            return
          }
      } else {
        $o1.remove_all 
        for ii=0,3 $o1.append(new Vector())
      }
    v1=$o1.o(0) tv1=$o1.o(1) v2=$o1.o(2) tv2=$o1.o(3) 
    ipt.indgen(0,llist.count-1,1)
    if (numarg()>=2) if (argtype(2)==1) { ipt.copy($o2) 
                } else if (argtype(2)==2) { rxp.s=$s2
                } else { printf("vrdr() ERR arg 2 should be vector or string\n") }
    if (numarg()>=3) flag=$3 else flag=0
    if (numarg()>=4) {$&4=0} else {ii1 = 0}
    if (!flag) {
        if (tvec.max != tstop) printf("WARNING: tvec set?: %g %g\n",tstop,tvec.max)
        tv2.copy(tvec)  // tvec must be preassigned for interpolation
      }
    tmpfile.ropen(filename)
    for (ii1=0;ii1<llist.count;ii1+=1) {
        if (ipt.contains(ii1) && strm(llist.object(ii1).name,rxp.s)) {
            XO=llist.object(ii1)
            if (mff) if (strcmp(filename,XO.f)!=0) { filename=XO.f tmpfile.ropen(filename) }
            tmpfile.seek(XO.loc)
            if (XO.num==-2) tv1.vread(tmpfile) else {
                if (XO.num<=0) {printf("vrdr INTERR; ?printStep for interpolation\n") err()}
                tv1.indgen(0,tstop+0.01,XO.num) }
            v1.vread(tmpfile)
            v2.resize(0)
            if (XO.num==-2 && !flag) v2.interpolate(tv2,tv1,v1)
            i1=ii1
            iterator_statement
            if (numarg()>=4) { $&4+=1 }
          }
      }
    tmpfile.close
    dealloc(a)
  }

//** prdr() -- used for printlist
// use regexp eg for prdr("PYR2.8") { etc }
// optional flag to NOT interpolate
// ind=tvec, vec1=original trace, vec interpolated on tvec
// note that i1 here gives list number, not sequential
// eg for panobj.prdr("V$",1) gv(i1)
iterator prdr () { local flag
    if (numarg()>1) flag=$2 else flag=0
    if (numarg()==3) {$&3=0} else {i1 = 0}
    v1=tv1=v2=tv2=allocvecs(4) tv1+=1 v2+=2 tv2+=3
    if (!flag) {
        if (tvec.max != tstop) printf("WARNING: tvec set?: %g %g\n",tstop,tvec.max)
        mso[tv2].copy(tvec)  // tvec must be preassigned for interpolation
      }
    curcol=0
    if (attr0) for (ii1=0;ii1<printlist.count;ii1+=1) {
        XO=printlist.object(ii1)
        if (strm(XO.name,$s1)) {
            sprint(tstr,"tstr=\"%s\"",XO.name) execute(tstr) // set global tstr
            mso[v1].copy(XO.vec) 
            if (isit(XO.tvec)) mso[tv1].copy(XO.tvec) 
            if (!flag && isit(XO.tvec)) mso[v2].interpolate(mso[tv2],XO.tvec,XO.vec)
            i1=ii1
            iterator_statement
            if (numarg()==3) { $&3+=1 }
          }    
      } else for (ii1=0;ii1<llist.count;ii1+=1) {
        if (strm(llist.object(ii1).name,$s1)) {
            XO=llist.object(ii1)
            i1=ii1
            iterator_statement
            if (numarg()>=3) { $&3+=1 }
          }
      }
    dealloc(v1)
  }

//* outvec() routines for printing out in sections - NOT DEBUGGED

//** outvec_init([output_file,comment])
proc outvec_init() { local segs
    if (numarg()>0) { output_file = $s1 } else {
        sprint(output_file,"%sv%s.%02d",ddir,datestr,runnum-dec_runnum)
        while (tmpfile.ropen(output_file)) { runnum = runnum+1 // don't allow an overwrite
            sprint(output_file,"%sv%s.%02d",ddir,datestr,runnum-dec_runnum) }
      }
    if (numarg()>1) { comment = $s2 }
    print "\nOutput to ",output_file
    if (print_flag) { print "WARNING: print_flag=1 --> 0\n"
        print_flag = 0 }
    if (outvecint==0 || outvecint>tstop) {
        printf("WARNING: outvecint being set to tstop\n")
        outvecint = tstop }
    outvect = outvecint
    segs = int(tstop/outvecint)
    if (tstop/outvecint > segs) { segs=segs+1 }
    tmpfile.wopen(output_file)
    if (strcmp(comment,"")!=0) { tmpfile.printf("//: %s\n",comment) }
    tmpfile.printf("//printStep %g\n",printStep)
    tmpfile.printf("//MULTI %d %d\n",printlist.count,segs)
    tmpfile.close()
  }

//** outvecs()  : print out the vectors and reset them for recording
proc outvecs () { local ii
    if (t<outvect || outvecint == 0) { return }
    tmpfile.aopen(output_file)
    for ii=0,printlist.count-1 {
        tmpfile.printf("//b%d 1 %s %d %d\n",byte_store,printlist.object(ii).name,t-outvecint,tmpfile.tell())
        printlist.object(ii).vec.vwrite(tmpfile,byte_store)
        tmpfile.printf("\n")
        printlist.object(ii).vec.play_remove()
        sprint(temp_string_,"printlist.object(%d).vec.record(&%s,%g)",\
               ii,printlist.object(ii).name,printStep)
        execute(temp_string_)
      }
    tmpfile.close
    outvect = outvect+outvecint
  }

//** outvec_finish () : put out the last section if needed, update the output_file name
proc outvec_finish() {
    if (t > outvect-outvecint+2*dt) {
        tmpfile.aopen(output_file)
        for ii=0,printlist.count-1 {
            tmpfile.printf("//b%d 1 %s %d %d\n",byte_store,printlist.object(ii).name,t-outvecint,tmpfile.tell())
            printlist.object(ii).vec.vwrite(tmpfile,byte_store)
            tmpfile.printf("\n")
          }
        tmpfile.close()
      }
  }

//* endtemplate; assignments:
endtemplate GRV

printStep=0.1
grv_ = new GRV(0)
{panobj=grv_ printlist=grv_.printlist panobjl=grv_.panobjl}

//* external routines
//** new_printlist_item(name) adds this item to the printlist
//  new_printlist_item(name,vec) adds this vec to the printlist
//  new_printlist_item(name,vec,tvec) adds this vec to the printlist
//  new_printlist_item(var,name) use name instead of variable name
//  new_printlist_item(var,ptr) provide an objref to point to the vec
//  new_printlist_item(name,num,vec)??adds this vec to the printlist under name_num0,name_num1,etc
proc new_printlist_item () { local dur,nflag,tvflag
    if (! isassigned(grv_)) { grv_ = new GRV(0) printlist=grv_.printlist }
    if (numarg()==1) { grv_.npl($s1)
      } else if (numarg()==2) {
        if (argtype(2)==1) {
            grv_.npl($s1,$o2)
          } else if (argtype(2)==2) {
            grv_.npl($s1,$s2)
          } else grv_.npl($s1,$2)
      } else if (numarg()==3) {
        if (argtype(2)==1) {
            grv_.npl($s1,$o2,$o3)
          } else if (argtype(2)==0) {
            grv_.npl($s1,$2,$o3)
          }
      }
  }

//** llist() print out contents of a list
proc llist () { local done localobj o,st,xo
    st=new String()  o=panobj
    if (numarg()==2) st.s=$s2
    if (numarg()>=1) { 
        if (argtype(1)==1) {
            if (isobj($o1,"List")) { 
                if ($o1.count==0) {print "empty list" return}
                if (isobj($o1.object(0),"String2")) {
                    for ltr(xo,$o1) if (strm(xo.s,st.s)) print xo.s,xo.t
                  } else if (isobj($o1.object(0),"String")) { 
                    for ltr(xo,$o1) if (strm(xo.s,st.s))  print xo.s
                  } else if (isobj($o1.object(0),"Vector")) {
                    done=0
                    if (name_declared("oform")) if (oform(vec)!=NOP) {
                        for ltr(xo,$o1) print xo,oform(xo) 
                        done=1 
                      }
                    if (!done) for ltr(xo,$o1) print xo,xo.size
                  } else if (isobj($o1.object(0),"Union")) {
                    for ltr(xo,$o1) if (strm(xo.s,st.s)) print xo,xo.s,xo.t,xo.u,xo.v
                  } else for ltr(xo,$o1) print xo
                return
              } else o=$o1
          } else if (argtype(1)==2) st.s=$s1
      }
    if (o.attr0) { for ltr(xo,printlist) if (strm(xo.name,st.s)) print i1,xo.name,xo.vec.size
      } else         for ltr(xo,o.llist) if (strm(xo.name,st.s)) print i1,xo.name,xo.size      
  }

//** cpprl(PRINTLIST,TMPLIST) copies printlist vitem's to tmplist
proc cpprl () { localobj xo,yo
    $o2.remove_all
    for ltr(xo,$o1) {
        $o2.append((yo=new vitem(xo.name,xo.vec.size)))
        yo.tvflag=xo.tvflag yo.pstep=xo.pstep yo.o=xo.o yo.vec.copy(xo.vec)
        if (yo.tvflag) {yo.tvec=new Vector() yo.tvec.copy(xo.tvec)}
      }
  }

//** abbreviated proc calls
proc gvpwpl () { pwman_place(500,500) }
proc vp () { grv_.vecpanel }
obfunc gvnew () { 
    if (numarg()==1) {
        if (argtype(1)==0) {
            panobj=new GRV($1)
          } else if (argtype(1)==2) {
            panobj=new GRV($s1)
          } else if (argtype(1)==1) {
            $o1=new GRV(-2)
            panobj=$o1
          }
      } else if (numarg()==2) {
        if ($2>0) {
            panobj=panobjl.object($2)
            panobj.read_vfile($s1)
          } else panobj=new GRV($s1,$2) // file,flag
      } else panobj=new GRV(1) // default
    return panobj
  }

proc ap () { local ii,attr0,nopan localobj o
    nopan=ii=0
    if (numarg()==0) { o=panobj 
      } else if (numarg()>=1) {
        if (argtype(1)==0) { ii=$1 
            o=grv_.panobjl.object(ii)
            if (ii<0 || ii>=grv_.panobjl.count) { 
                printf("**** ap(%d) ERR panobj #%d not found -- run gvnew() \n",ii,ii) return }
          } else o=$o1
      }
    if (numarg()>=2) if (argtype(2)==0) if ($2==-2) nopan=1
    attr0=o.attr0
    o.attrpanl()
    if (!nopan) if (attr0) o.pbrgr("Graph","gv") else o.rpanel()
    panobj=o
  }
proc disptray () { print "Must load boxes.hoc to get trays" }

//** gg() graph vectors and functions directly
//** gs(#) select graph (by setting g and graphItem to this Graph#
proc gs () { 
    if (argtype(1)==1) {      g=$o1 graphItem=g 
      } else if (numarg()==2) { g[$1]=Graph[$2] 
      } else {                  g=Graph[$1] graphItem=g }
  }
// gg(g[i],vec) gg(vec,step) gg(vec,ind) gg(g,"FUNC","min,max") [color,line,symbol]
strdef symb
symb = "O"
gvmarkflag=0
obfunc gg () { local gp,na,newgr,clr,a,stp,i,tmp localobj ty,ts,abs,ord,o,go
    a=allocvecs(ty,abs,ord)
    ts=new String2()
    na=numarg() newgr=1
    ty.resize(10) ty.fill(-1)
    for i=1,na ty.x[i]=argtype(i)
    i=1
    clr=panobj.color lne=panobj.line
    if (ty.x[i]==0) { 
        gp=$i                                         i+=1
      } else gp=0
    if (gp<10) {
        if (isassigned(g[gp])) if (g[gp].view_count>0) newgr=0
        if (newgr) g[gp]=new Graph()
        go=graphItem=g[gp]
        graphList[0].append(g[gp])  panobj.glist.append(g[gp])
      } else {
        graphItem=go=new Graph()
        graphList[0].append(go)  panobj.glist.append(go)
      }
    if (gvmarkflag) ts.t="mark" else ts.t="line"
  
    if (na==1 && ty.x[0]==0) { return  // gg(#) just put up the graph
      } else if (na==i && ty.x[i]==1) { 
        sprint(ts.t,"%s.%s(%s,1",$oi,ts.t,go)   // gg(vec)
      } else if (ty.x[i]==2) { // gg("FUNC","min,max,step")
        min=0 max=10 stp=0
        ts.s=$si                                      i+=1
        if (ty.x[i]==2) {
            split($si,abs,"[:/]") min=abs.x[0] max=abs.x[1] 
            if (abs.size==3) stp=abs.x[2]               i+=1
          }
        if (stp==0) stp=(max-min)/200
        abs.indgen(min,max,stp) ord.copy(abs) 
        if (!name_declared(ts.s)) { // look for an x that will become $1
            if (!strm(ts.s,"[$]1")) { printf("gg ERR Can't find '$1' in %s\n",ts.s) return nil }
            sprint(ts.s,"func _gg_f(){return %s}",ts.s) execute1(ts.s)
            print ts.s
            ts.s="_gg_f"
          }
        ord.apply(ts.s)
        sprint(ts.t,"%s.%s(%s,%s",ord,ts.t,go,abs)
      } else if (ty.x[i]==1 && ty.x[i+1]==0) {     // gg(vec,step)
        o=$oi                                         i+=1
        if (isobj(o,"List")) {
            tmp=$i   i+=1
            if (int($i)!=$i) { // a timestep
                sprint(ts.t,"%s.%s(%s,%g",o.o(tmp),ts.t,go,$i)      i+=1  
              } else {
                sprint(ts.t,"%s.%s(%s,%s",o.o(tmp),ts.t,go,o.o($i)) i+=1  
              }
          } else { // vector
            sprint(ts.t,"%s.%s(%s,%g",o,ts.t,go,$i)     i+=1  
          }                                          
      } else if (ty.x[i]==1 && ty.x[i+1]==1) {     // gg(vec,ind)
        o=$oi                                         i+=1
        sprint(ts.t,"%s.%s(%s,%s",o,ts.t,go,$oi)   i+=1
      }
    if (ty.x[i]==0) { clr=$i                        i+=1 }
    if (ty.x[i]==0) { lne=$i                        i+=1 }
    if (ty.x[i]==2) { symb=$si                      i+=1 }
    if (sfunc.len(ts.t)>4) {
        if (gvmarkflag) { sprint(ts.s,"%s,\"%s\",%d,%d,1)",ts.t,symb,lne,clr)
          } else { sprint(ts.s,"%s,%d,%d)",ts.t,clr,lne) }
        execute(ts.s)
      }
    dealloc(a)
    return graphItem
  }

//*** ge() erases IV graph
proc ge () { if (numarg()==0) graphItem.erase_all() else g[$1].erase_all }

//** gv() calls internal gv
proc gv () {  local inx,na // EXTERNAL VERSION -- same name in template
    na=numarg()
    if        (argtype(1)==0) { inx = $1
      } else if (argtype(1)==2) {
          for ltr(XO,printlist) if (strm(XO.name,$s1)) inx=i1
          if (inx==-1) {print $s1," not found" return }
      }
    if (na==1) grv_.gv(inx) else if (na==2) grv_.gv(inx,$2) else if (na==3) grv_.gv(inx,$2,$3)
  }

//** restore_printlist() restores the plist from a file in an attrnum
objref vite
proc restore_printlist () { local cnt,ii,attrnum,savlvar localobj aa,st
    printf("NOT WORKING\n")
    st=new String()
    attrnum=$1
    printlist.remove_all
    panobj=grv_.panobjl.object(attrnum)
    for panobj.vrdr(aa,"",1) {
        vite= new vitem(st.s,aa.o(0).size)
        vite.vec.copy(aa.o(0))
        printlist.append(vite)
      }
  }

//** dirname(full,path) filname(full,file) splits up path/file
// eg filname("/home/billl/nrniv/thal/params.hoc",temp_string_)
//    temp_string_ => params.hoc
obfunc dirname () { localobj st
    st=new String2()
    sfunc.head($s1,"[^/]+$",st.s)
    sfunc.tail($s1,st.s,st.t)
    if (numarg()==2) $s2=st.s
    return st
  }

//** filname()
obfunc filname () { localobj st
    st=new String2()
    sfunc.head($s1,"[^/]+$",st.t)
    sfunc.tail($s1,st.t,st.s)
    if (numarg()==2) $s2=st.s
    return st
  }

//** file_with_dot(filename,[result,prefix]): put .filename into result
obfunc file_with_dot () { localobj st
    st=dirname($s1)
    if (numarg()==3) { sprint(st.s,"%s%s%s",st.s,$s3,st.t)
      } else             sprint(st.s,"%s.%s", st.s,    st.t)
    if (numarg()>=2) $s2=st.s
    return st
  }

//* fexists()
func fexists () { localobj o
    o=new File()
    return o.ropen($s1)
  }

//** ftype()
func ftype () { local ty localobj st
    ty=0
    st=new String2()
    sprint(st.t,"stat -c %%F %s 2>&1",$s1)
    system(st.t,st.s)
    chop(st.s)
    if (strm(st.s,"\n")) {               return 10 //  more than 1 file -- ie * used
      } else if (strm(st.s,"No such"))   { return -1
      } else if (strm(st.s,"directory")) { return 0
      } else if (strm(st.s,"symbolic")) {  return 8
      } else if (strm(st.s,"regular"))  {  return 2
      } else { // not identified
        printf("File %s is a %s\n",$s1,st.s)
        return -2
      }
  }

//** file_len() uses wc
func file_len () { local x localobj st
    st=new String()
    sprint(st.s,"wc -l \"%s\"",$s1)
    system(st.s,st.s)
    sscanf(st.s,"%d",&x)
    return x
  }

func cvode_status () { return cvode.active() + cvode.use_local_dt()/10 }

proc pvall () { localobj o
    o=panobjl.o(0)
    if (! o.attr0) { printf("pvall() ERR %s not attr0==0\n",o)
      } else o.pvall()
  }

//** procbutt() put up a single proc in a button
proc procbutt () {
    xpanel($s1)
    xbutton($s1,$s1)
    xpanel(500,500)
  }

// mdl2view(g,X,Y) converts model coordinates to view coordinates
// eg {XO=mdl2view(g,12,533.7) g.label(XO.x,XO.x[1],"AA",2,2,0.5,0.5,1)}
// translate from world coordinates into view coordinates
obfunc mdl2view () { local a,ii,x0,y0 localobj o,v1,g
    g=$o1 x0=$2 y0=$3
    if (argtype(4)==1) v1=$o4 else { v1=new Vector(4) g.size(&v1.x[0]) }
    o=new Union()
    o.x=   (x0-v1.x[0])/(v1.x[1]-v1.x[0])
    o.x[1]=(y0-v1.x[2])/(v1.x[3]-v1.x[2])  
    o.x[2]=o.x[0]*0.8+0.1 
    o.x[3]=o.x[1]*0.8+0.1 // scale and move over to where graph usually is
    return o
  }

proc stopper () {
    xpanel("STOP")
    xbutton("STOP","stoprun=1")
    xbutton("FINI","finish()")
    xbutton("CONT","time(\"cvode.solve(tstop)\")")
    xbutton("RUN","time()")
    xpanel()
  }

// END /usr/site/nrniv/local/hoc/grvec.hoc
//================================================================
//load_file("nqs.hoc")
//load_file("decnqs.hoc")
//================================================================
// INSERTED /usr/site/nrniv/local/hoc/boxes.hoc
// =Id=  boxes.hoc,v 1.55 2006/03/26 20:28:29 billl Exp 

// load_file("boxes.hoc")
proc boxes () {}

// factor(num) finds the factors that are closest together
// NB: must be at top since declared external in template BX
func factor () { local num, srt, ii
    num = $1
    srt = int(sqrt(num))
    for (ii=srt;ii<num && num/ii!=int(num/ii);ii+=1) {}
    if (ii>num/ii) ii=num/ii // return smaller factor
    return ii
  }

// template for putting up trays and decks
begintemplate BX
public mktray,mkdeck,name,boxes,map,unmap,closebox
public min,max,attrnum,rows,cols,trnum,gl,stub,label
external factor

objref boxes[3], ob, gitem,gl,XO,nil
double min[1],max[1],trnum[1]
strdef temp_string_,name

proc init () {
    min = -1 max = -1
    trnum=$1
    gl = new List()
  }

//mktray(panattr) graph out from llist of a panattr
proc mktray () { local ci, ri, gi, m1, m2, bi
    ob = $o1
    cols=$3 rows=$2
    if (numarg()==6) {xs=$4 ys=$5} else {xs=100 ys=50}
    ri = 0 // count the rows
    gi = 0 // count the graphs
    boxes[0] = new VBox()
    boxes[0].dismiss_action("closebox()")
    boxes[0].intercept(1)
    name=""
    xpanel("",1)
    xvarlabel(name)
    xpanel()
    for ri=0,rows-1 {
        boxes[2] = new HBox()
        boxes[2].intercept(1)
        for ci=0,cols-1 {
            gitem = new Graph(0)
            gitem.view(0,-100,1000,50,0,0,xs,ys)
            gl.append(gitem)
            ob.glist.append(gitem)
            gi = gi+1
          }
        boxes[2].intercept(0)
        boxes[2].map("")
      }
    boxes[0].intercept(0)
    if (strcmp(name,"")==0) name=ob.filename
    sprint(name,"%d:%s",trnum,name)
    boxes[0].map(name)
  }

proc map() { boxes[0].map() }
proc unmap() { boxes[0].unmap() }

proc closebox () { local ii
    for (ii=gl.count-1;ii>=0;ii-=1) {
        XO=gl.object(ii)
        XO.unmap
      }
    ob.glist.remove_all
    gl.remove_all
    boxes[0].unmap
    boxes[0]=nil
    boxes[2]=nil
  }

proc mkdeck () { local rows, cols, ci, ri, gi, m1, m2
    ob = $o1
    if (min==-1 || max==-1) {
        m1 = 0 m2 = ob.llist.count()-1
      } else { m1=min    m2=max }
    cnt = m2-m1+1
    cols=factor(cnt) rows=cnt/factor(cnt)
    ri = 0 // count the rows
    gi = 0 // count the graphs
    boxes[0] = new VBox()
    boxes[0].intercept(1)
    xpanel("",1)
    xbutton("Next","boxes[1].flip_to(decknum=decknum+1)")
    xbutton("Previous","boxes[1].flip_to(decknum=decknum-1)")
    xpanel()
    boxes[1] = new Deck()
    boxes[1].intercept(1)
    for ri=0,rows-1 {
        boxes[2] = new HBox()
        boxes[2].intercept(1)
        for ci=0,cols-1 {
            ob.rv(gi+m1)
            gi = gi+1
          }
        boxes[2].intercept(0)
        boxes[2].map("")
      }
    boxes[1].intercept(0)
    boxes[1].map("")
    boxes[0].intercept(0)
    boxes[0].map("Deck")
    decknum = 0
    boxes[1].flip_to(decknum)
    if (! ob.attr0) {
        for ii = 0,gi-1 { 
            ob.glist.object(ii).label(0.3,0.5,ob.llist.object(ii).name)
          }
      }
  }

endtemplate BX

objref boxer, boxerl
boxerl = new List()
proc mktray () { local i,na,namef localobj o
    if (numarg()==0) { print "mktray(attrnum,rows,cols[,xsize,ysize,label])"
        print "Create a tray for attr panel ATTRNUM to superimpose upon."
        return }
    boxer = new BX(boxerl.count)
    boxerl.append(boxer)
    trnum=boxer.trnum
    if (argtype(numarg())==2) { namef=1 na=numarg()-1 i=numarg() 
      } else                    { namef=0 na=numarg() }
    if (na==2) o=panobj else if (argtype(1)==0) o=GRV[$1] else o=$o1
    o.super = 1
    if        (na==5) { boxer.mktray(o,$2,$3,$4,$5)
      } else if (na==3) { boxer.mktray(o,$2,$3) 
      } else if (na==2) { boxer.mktray(o,$1,$2)
        printf("Mapping trays to %s\n",o)
      }
    if (namef) boxer.name=$si
  }

proc rmtray () { local ix
    ix=$1
    if (boxerl.count<=1) boxerl.remove_all else {
        for (ii=boxerl.count-1;ii>=0;ii-=1) {
            if (boxerl.object(ii).attrnum==attrnum) boxerl.remove(ii) 
          }}
    remgrs(attrnum)
    GRV[ix].super=0
  }

proc trsz () {
    if (boxerl.count>0) for ltr (XO,boxerl) printf("%d:%d x %d\n",XO.attrnum,XO.rows,XO.cols)
  }

proc mktrpanl () {
    xgetargs("Make Tray","mktray","Which","rows","cols","xsize","ysize","0,2,3,100,50")
  }

//* disptray() redisp() redispv()
proc disptray () { local ix,ii,jj,kk
    if (numarg()==0) {print "disptray(ix[,cols])" return}
    ix=$1
    ii=GRV[ix].llist.count 
    if (numarg()==2) jj=$2 else jj=factor(ii)
    kk=GRV[ix].glist.count
    mktray(GRV[ix],round(ii/jj),jj,100,50) 
    GRV[ix].grall(0,ii-1)
    for ltr(XO,GRV[ix].glist) if(i1>=kk) { 
        XO.size(&x[0]) 
        XO.size(x[0],x[1],x[2],x[3]) }
  }

proc redisp () { local supsav
    panobj=$o1
    if (numarg()>=2) trnum=$2
    supsav=panobj.super  panobj.super=1
    for ltr(graphItem,boxerl.object(trnum).gl) {
        graphItem.erase_all()
        panobj.rv(i1)
      }
    panobj.super=supsav
  }

// for bxit () {}  go through all the graphs in tray trnum
// for bxit (g1,g2,g3,g4) {}  go through selected graphs
// for bxit (-1,g1,g2) {}  go through g1-g2
bxn=-1
proc bxop () { g=boxerl.object(trnum).gl.object($1) graphItem=g}
proc bxinc () { 
    if (bxn>=boxerl.object(trnum).gl.count) bxn=0 else bxn+=1
    g=boxerl.object(trnum).gl.object(bxn) 
    graphItem=g
  }
iterator bxit () { local i,ii
    i1=0
    if (numarg()>0) {
        if (numarg()==3  && $1==-1) {
            for ii = $2, $3 {
                g=boxerl.object(trnum).gl.object(ii)
                graphItem=g
                iterator_statement
                i1+=1
              }
          } else {
            for i = 1, numarg() {
                if (numarg()==1) XO=$o1.object(ii)
                g=boxerl.object(trnum).gl.object($i)
                graphItem=g
                iterator_statement
                i1+=1
              }
          }
      } else {
        for ii=0,boxerl.object(trnum).gl.count-1 {
            g=boxerl.object(trnum).gl.object(ii)
            graphItem=g
            iterator_statement
            i1+=1
          }
      }
  }

// redispv(VEC,ATTRNUM,TRNUM) -- all args optional
proc redispv () { local supsav
    panobj=$o1
    if (numarg()>=2) trnum=$2
    supsav=panobj.super  panobj.super=1
    for bxit() {
        g.erase_all()
        if (numarg()>0) panobj.rv($o1.x[i1]) else panobj.rv(vec.x[i1])
      }
    panobj.super=supsav
  }

proc bxcomm () { 
    if (numarg()==1) boxerl.object(boxerl.count-1).name=$s1 else {
        boxerl.object(boxerl.count-1).name=comment }
  }

//* gin() search through param strings to graph particular members of llist
// eg regexp="SPCX SPTC SPSM " then 'gin(1)' to create regexp: 'SPCX.+%sSPTC.+%sSPSM.+%s'
// gin("5","","") will find examples with SPCX=5 and graph SPTC against SPSM
// ginpr() will search through llist and just print out the file names
// meant to be used after running dir2pr() to get a summary file
strdef regexp
proc gin () { local i,a
    a=allocvecs(1)
    revec(mso[a]) tstr=regexp
    for i=1,numarg() repl_str(tstr,"%s",$si,temp_string2_)  // replace sprint
    for ltr(XO,panobj.llist,&y) if (strm(XO.name,tstr)) mso[a].append(y)
    if (mso[a].size!=boxer.rows*boxer.cols) {
        printf("gin() ERR: %d!=%dx%d\n",mso[a].size,boxer.rows,boxer.cols)
        dealloc(a) return
      }
    geall(1)
    for bxit() panobj.rv(mso[a].x[i1]) 
    tstr=regexp 
    repl_mstr(tstr,".\\+%s","=%s,",temp_string2_)
    chop(tstr)
    for i=1,numarg() repl_str(tstr,"%s",$si,temp_string2_)
    sprint(tstr,"%s: %s",panobj.filename,tstr)
    bxcomm(tstr)  print tstr
    dealloc(a)
  }

proc ginpr () { local base,i
    if (numarg()==0) { 
        print "Set regexp to begin: eg\n\tregexp=\"SMTC SPSM NSTC \" (space at end)"
        print "Then call ginpr(regexp) to reset regexp"
        print "Then call eg ginpr(\"0.015\",\"\",\"\") to list or gin(...) to graph"
        return }
    if (numarg()==1) { 
        regexp=$s1 repl_mstr(regexp," ",".+%s,",tstr) 
        chop(regexp,",")
        print regexp return }
    base=1 tstr=regexp // where they start numbering
    for i=1,numarg() repl_str(tstr,"%s",$si,temp_string2_)  // replace sprint
    for ltr(XO,panobj.llist,&y) if (strm(XO.name,tstr)) printf("%03d %s\n",base+y,XO.name)
  }
// END /usr/site/nrniv/local/hoc/boxes.hoc
//================================================================
//================================================================
// INSERTED /usr/site/nrniv/local/hoc/parset.hoc
// =Id=  parset.hoc,v 1.112 2009/01/13 15:44:25 billl Exp 

proc parset () {}
declare("mesg","hello")

// load_file("parset.hoc")

//* minimal usage
// load_file("soma.hoc")
// cvode_active(0)
// prsfor("AMP","stim.amp",1,1.8,.2)
// prsvals("LEAK","gl_hh",1e-3,3e-3,4e-3,5e-3)
// new_printlist_item("soma.v(0.5)")
// sims=setprs()
// exerun()
// xpospanl()

//* usage
//  ob=new PRS("PARAM NAME","clear command")
//  ob.append("allele1","set command #1")
//  ob.append("allele2","set command #1")
//     ... or
//  ob=new PRS("PARAM NAME","clear command","allele1","set command #1","allele2","set command #2",...)
//  see autorun() for calling sequence
// 
//  with setting simple params use 
//  ob=new PRS("PARAM NAME","stem_name=",num1,num2,...)
//  ob.appnums(num3,num4,num5,...)
//  NB: finish with sims=setprs()

objref prsl,prsl2,ob,prslp,bx,XX,YY,pc
strdef tt
prsl=new List()
prsl2=new List() // prsl2 is for reading -- includes dumped states as list
prslp = prsl // default for prsl pointer 
trnum=-1

// permit side effect outside of template
proc prsadd () { prslp.append($o1) }
// for ltr(XX,prsl) for ltr(YY,XX.l) print YY.s,YY.t
//* template PRS
begintemplate PRS
  public n,l,clr,name,clear,exe,exec,nam,com,comm,do,append,appnums,v,pcomm,post,ale
  strdef name,clr,stem,tstr
  double n[1],flag[1]
  objref l,ob,nil,v,this,pcomm
  external prsadd,sfunc,chop,String2

  proc init () { local i,j
      n=numarg()-2
      l=new List()
      v=new Vector() // v vector gives order in which to run the params
      name = $s1  clr=$s2
      pcomm=new String() // post command
      // if the clear command ends with equal sign this is a stem for all the param setting
      if (sfunc.tail(clr,"=",stem)>-1 && sfunc.len(stem)==0) { flag=1
          sfunc.head(clr,"=",stem) sprint(clr,"%s=0",stem) 
        } else { flag=0
          if (n%2!=0) { print "ERROR: Must give name/command pairs" return }
          n/=2
        }
      if (n>0) for i=3,numarg() {
          if (flag) { 
              ob = new String2()
              sprint(ob.s,"%g",$i) 
              sprint(ob.t,"%s=%g",stem,$i) 
            } else { ob=new String2($si) i+=1 ob.t=$si }
          l.append(ob)
        }
      prsadd(this)
    }

  proc append () { local i,nn
      nn=numarg()
      if (nn%2!=0) { print "ERROR: Must give name/command pairs" return }
      n+=(nn/2)
     for i=1,numarg() {
          ob = new String2($si)
          i+=1
          if (flag) sprint(ob.t,"%s=%s",stem,$si) else ob.t=$si
          l.append(ob)
        }
      ob=nil
    }
  proc post () { pcomm.s=$s1 }

  // use appnums() if have "name=" stem and not giving different names
  proc appnums () { local i
      if (! flag) { print "ERROR: Must have stem 'name='" return }
      n+=numarg()
      for i=1,numarg() {
          ob = new String2()
          sprint(ob.s,"%g",$i)
          sprint(ob.t,"%s=%g",stem,$i)
          l.append(ob)
        }
      ob=nil
    }
  // exec, clear and comm take object number for list l
  proc exe () { // set allele indicated in v vector
      sprint(tstr,"{%s %s}",l.object(v.x[$1]).t,pcomm.s)
      execute1(tstr) 
    } 
  proc exec () {   // set allele indicated by index
      sprint(tstr,"{%s %s}",l.object($1).t,pcomm.s)
      execute1(tstr) 
    }
  proc clear () { execute(clr) }   // run clear command for this
  proc nam () {        // append name of this param to comment
      if (sfunc.len($s1)) sprint($s1,"%s,%s",$s1,name) else $s1=name }
  proc com () {        // append comment indicated in v vector
      if (sfunc.len($s1)) sprint($s1,"%s, %s",$s1,l.object(v.x[$2]).s) else $s1=l.object(v.x[$2]).s }
  proc comm () {  // append comment by index
      if (sfunc.len($s1)) sprint($s1,"%s, %s",$s1,l.object($2).s) else $s1=l.object($2).s }
  obfunc ale () { return new String2(name,l.object(v.x[$1]).s) }
  proc do () { clear() exe($1) com($s2,$1) }   // clear,exe,com
endtemplate PRS

//* prsset(#[,print]) read and set params from comment
proc prsset () { local ii,sz localobj bb,name,val
    bb=new List()
    split(panobj.llist.o($1).name,bb,"[:_/=,]")
    sz=bb.count
    if (sz/2!=int(sz/2)) print "WARNING: not even # of name/num pairs: ",sz
    for (ii=bb.count-2;ii>=0;ii-=2) { name=bb.o(ii) val=bb.o(ii+1) 
        if (!isnum(name.s) && isnum(val.s)) { // name=val
            sprint(tstr,"%s=%s",name.s,val.s) 
            if (numarg()==2) print tstr else execute(tstr)
          } else {
            printf("WARNING: can't execute %s=%s\n",name.s,val.s)
          }
      }
  }

//* setprs() -- set parameters
// sets up v vector that gives order in which to run them
func setprs () { local nn,snum,flag,verbose
    if (numarg()==1) flag=1 else flag=0 // flag -- called during file parse
    verbose=0
    snum=1  nn=1
    if (verbose) temp_string_=""
    for ltr(XX,prsl) snum*=XX.n // total number of sims to be run
    if (verbose) for ltr(XX,prsl) sprint(temp_string_,"%s %d(%s) x",temp_string_,XX.n,XX.name)
    for ltr(XX,prsl) { // go through the parameters
        XX.v.resize(snum)
        divup(XX.v,XX.n,nn) // make ind a vector of indices for 
        nn *= XX.n
      }
    if (verbose) {chop(temp_string_) print temp_string_}
    // check that using cvode local
    if (cvode_local()==0 && flag==0) { // called before a run
        cvode_local(1)
        printlist.remove_all()
        print "WARNING: must recreate printlist before running exerun()"
      }
    return snum
  }

//** divup(vec,grp_size,sets) -- #_grps = vec.size/grp_size 
proc divup () { local sets,num,grp,sz,ii,jj,kk,ll
    sz=$o1.size grp=$2 sets=$3 num=sz/sets/grp  kk=-1
    for ll=1,sets for jj=0,grp-1 for ii=1,num $o1.x[kk+=1]=jj 
  }

//* autoset
//  sims = setprs()
//  if (ncells<sims) print "ERROR -- don't have enough cells."
//  eg: for ii=0,sims-1 for ltr(XX,prsl) cell[ii].soma XX.exe(ii)
//  for ltr(XX,prsl) XX.nam(tt) print tt
//  for ii=0,sims-1 { tt="" for ltr(XX,prsl) { XX.com(tt,ii) } print tt }

//* autorun puts out to different files -- NOT updated
proc autorun () { local ii
    sims = setprs()
    for ii=0,sims-1 {
        sprint(panobj.output_file,"v%s.s%02d",datestr,ii)
        comment=""
        for ltr(XX,prsl) XX.do(ii,panobj.comment)
        printf("%s %s\n",panobj.output_file,panobj.comment)
        tmpfile.aopen("index")  tmpfile.printf("%s %s\n",output_file,comment) tmpfile.close()  
        run()
        sprint(output_file,"data/%s",output_file)
        pvplist(output_file,comment)
      }
  }

//** exerun() appends to the same file
proc exeruncall () {}
proc run1 () { run() }
proc exerun () { local ii,ok localobj XX,YY,o,tl,st
    if (sims==0) {printf("parset not initialized\n") return }
    tl=new List() st=new String()
    if (numarg()>=1) st.s=$s1
    panobj=grv_
    system("date")
    prsnames(panobj.comment)
    for ltr(XX,printlist) tl.append(new String(XX.name))
    for ii=0,sims-1 { 
        for ltr(XX,prsl) XX.clear
        for ltr(XX,prsl) XX.exe(ii)
        exeruncall(ii)
        ok = execute1("run1()")
        if (ok) prsplist2(tl,ii,st.s)
        printf("%d/%d: %s (%d)\n",ii+1,sims,tt,ok)
        panobj.pvnext(ii)
      }
    for ltr2(XX,YY,printlist,tl) XX.name=YY.s // restore labels
    prssave()
    system("date")
    prsshow()
  }

proc mpirun () { local ii,ok localobj XX,YY,o,tl,st
    pc = new ParallelContext()
    if (sims==0) {printf("parset not initialized\n") return }
    tl=new List() st=new String()
    if (numarg()>=1) st.s=$s1
    panobj=grv_
    for ltr(XX,printlist) tl.append(new String(XX.name))
    for ltr(XX,prsl) XX.clear
    printf("Master launch: %s",tstr)
    pc.runworker()          // master returns immediately, workers wait for jobs
    for ii=0,sims-1 pc.submit("mpirun2",ii)
    while (pc.working) {}   // await results  
    pc.done                 // wait for workers to finish printing
  }

proc mpirun2 () { local ii
    ii=$1
    for ltr(XX,prsl) XX.exe(ii)
    sprint(output_file,"data/%s/v%s.%02d",datestr,datestr,runnum+ii)
    comment=output_file
    prsnames(comment,ii)
    exeruncall(ii)
    ok = execute1("run1()")
    printf("%s in %s from %d (%d,%d)\n",comment,output_file,ii,pc.id,ok)
    panobj.pvplist(output_file,comment)
  }

proc pard () {}
proc pardisp () { local ii
    tmpfile.wopen($s1)
    prsnames(comment)
    tmplist.remove_all // save the label names in tmplist
    for ltr(XX,printlist) {tmpobj=new String(XX.vec.label) tmplist.append(tmpobj)}
    // for ltr(XX,prsl) vlk(XX.v)
    for ii=0,sims-1 { 
        for ltr(XX,prsl) XX.clear
        for ltr(XX,prsl) { 
            XX.exe(ii)
            tmpfile.printf("\t%d:%d: %s :: %s\n",ii,i1,XX.l.object(XX.v.x[ii]).s,XX.l.object(XX.v.x[ii]).t)
          }
        exeruncall(ii)
        pard (ii) // callback stub
        tmpfile.printf("%d/%d: %s\n",ii+1,sims,tt)
      }
    for ltr2(XX,YY,printlist,tmplist) XX.vec.label=YY.s // restore labels
    tmpfile.close
  }

//** autopr() prints out a series of pictures, use cutps and ps2gif afterward
proc autopr () {
    for ltr(XX,dir) {
        geall(1)
        read_vfile(1,XX.s)
        grall(1)
        sprint(filename,"%s.ps",XX.s)
        print_session(0, filename)
      }
  }

//* xpostray(name1,name2): organize name1 vs name2 on a tray
objref xposvec
xposvec = new Vector()
xpf=1 // flag for new disp or superimpose
// ppo -- just show the comment
proc ppo () { local i
    for i=1,xposvec.size xposvec.x[i-1]=$i
    xpostray(-1)
  }
// execute the xposvec given as arguments -- allows setting for a run
proc expo () { local i
    for i=1,numarg() {
        XX=prsl.object(i-1)
        XX.clear
        XX.exec($i) // exec doesn't use the xposvec
        printf("%s:%s,%s\n",XX.name,XX.l.object($i).s,XX.l.object($i).t)
      }
    exeruncall()
  }

// display the xposvec given as arguments
proc xpo () { local i
    for i=1,xposvec.size xposvec.x[i-1]=$i
    if (xpf==1 && panobj.super==0) { 
        print "ERROR: no tray available to draw on" return }
    xpostray(xpf)
  }

// eliminate labels written by rv()
proc rv3 () { $s1="" }

proc xpostray () { local rows,cols,i,j,k,p,g1,flag,xs,ys,sz localobj grvecstr,XX,YY,ob
    if (numarg()==1) flag=$1 else flag=0
    if (vcount(xposvec,-1)!=1 || vcount(xposvec,-2)!=1) {
        sprint(mesg,"ERR: Rows/cols?: xpo(%d",xposvec.x[0])
        for vtr(&x,xposvec) if (i1>0) sprint(mesg,"%s,%d",mesg,x) sprint(mesg,"%s)",mesg)
        print mesg  return } 
    p = allocvecs(1)
    grvecstr=new String()
    g1 = panobj.glist.count
    grvecstr.s = ""
    for vtr(&x,xposvec,&y) {
        if (x==-1) XX=prsl2.object(y) else { // rows
            if (x==-2) YY=prsl2.object(y) else { // cols
                sprint(grvecstr.s,"%s%s %s;",grvecstr.s,prsl2.object(y).name,prsl2.object(y).l.object(x).s) }}}
    if (sfunc.len(grvecstr.s)>0) chop(grvecstr.s) 
    sprint(grvecstr.s,"%s - %s v %s:%s",panobj.filename,XX.name,YY.name,grvecstr.s)
    printf("xpo(%d",xposvec.x[0]) for vtr(&x,xposvec) if (i1>0) printf(",%d",x) print ")"
    print grvecstr.s
    rows=XX.n  cols=YY.n  sz=rows*cols
    // printf("%d x %d\n",rows,cols)
    if (flag==-1) { return }
    if (flag) {
        ob=boxerl.object(trnum) // specify tray
        ob.name = grvecstr.s
        if (rows!=ob.rows || cols!=ob.cols) { 
            sprint(mesg,"ERROR: tray %dx%d; not %dx%d\n",ob.rows,ob.cols,rows,cols) 
            print mesg return }
        for ltr(graphItem,ob.gl) graphItem.erase_all()
        g1 -= sz
      } else {
        if (cols>5) xs=1200/cols-50 else xs=200
        if (rows>7) ys=900/rows-50 else ys=100
        mktray(panobj,rows,cols,xs,ys)
        boxer.name=grvecstr.s
        trnum=boxerl.index(boxer)
        ob=boxer
      }
    mso[p].resize(sz)
    for vtr2(&x,&y,XX.v,YY.v,&y[1]) if (xprsok(y[1])) mso[p].x[x*cols+y]=y[1]
    for lvtr(graphItem, &x, ob.gl, mso[p]) {
        panobj.rv(x)
        sprint(grvecstr.s,"%s:%s v %s:%s",XX.name,XX.l.object(XX.v.x[x]).s,YY.name,YY.l.object(YY.v.x[x]).s)
        graphItem.label(0.1,0.9,grvecstr.s)
      }
    panobj.viewplot()
    dealloc(p)
  }

//** xprsok()
// need to avoid XX,YY,x,y globals since nested 
func xprsok () { local i,flag
    i=$1 flag=1
    for lvtr(tmpobj,&x[1],prsl2,xposvec) {
        if (x[1]!=-1 && x[1]!=-2 && x[1]!=tmpobj.v.x[i]) {flag=0 continue}
      }
    return flag
  }
  
proc xpostrmp () {
    ob=boxerl.object(boxerl.count-1) // last tray
    ob.boxes[0].unmap
    ob.boxes[0].map(ob.name)
  }

// prsfor(NAME,VAL,FROM,TO,INC)
// eg prsfor("LEAK","g_Pass",1e-3,9e-3,1e-3)
proc prsfor () { local from,to,inc,ii
    if (numarg()==0) { print "prsfor(NAME,VAL,FROM,TO,INC)" return }
    from=$3 to=$4 inc=$5 
    sprint(tt,"ob=new PRS(\"%s\",\"%s=\"",$s1,$s2)
    for (ii=from;ii<=to;ii+=inc) sprint(tt,"%s,%g",tt,ii)
    sprint(tt,"%s)",tt)
    execute(tt)
  }

// prsvals(NAME,VAL,val1,val2,...)
// eg prsvals("LEAK","g_Pass",1e-3,9e-3,30e-3,75e-3)
proc prsvals () { local i
    if (numarg()==0) { print "prsvals(NAME,VAL,val1,val2,...)" return }
    sprint(tt,"ob=new PRS(\"%s\",\"%s=\"",$s1,$s2)
    for i=3,numarg() sprint(tt,"%s,%g",tt,$i)
    sprint(tt,"%s)",tt)
    execute(tt)
  }

//** xpospanl() -- panel for choosing params to graph
proc xpospanl () { local ii localobj ob
    bx=new VBox()
    bx.intercept(1)
    if (0) if (attrnum==0 && sims!=printlist.count)  {
        printf("WARNING: not enough printlist items (%d); read from file\n",sims) 
        prsread() }
    labelm = 0 // xpostray() will do own labeling
    if (0) if (attrnum==0 && printlist.count>1) { prsl2prsl2() ob=prsl2 } else ob = prsl
    ob = prsl
    xposvec.resize(ob.count)
    xpanel("Set params")
    xvarlabel(mesg)
    for ltr(XX,ob,&x) {
        xmenu(XX.name)
        for ltr(YY,XX.l,&y) {
            sprint(temp_string_, "xposvec.x[%d]=%d",x,y)
            xradiobutton(YY.s, temp_string_)
          }
        sprint(temp_string_, "xposvec.x[%d]=%d",x,-1)
        xradiobutton("ROWS", temp_string_)
        sprint(temp_string_, "xposvec.x[%d]=%d",x,-2)
        xradiobutton("COLS", temp_string_)
        xmenu()
      }
    xbutton("Make tray","xpostray()")
    xbutton("Reuse tray","xpostray(1)")
    xvalue("Tray #","trnum",1)
    xbutton("Remove trays","rmtray(attrnum)")
    xbutton("Limits","panobj.wvpanl()")
    xbutton("Read file","prsread()")
    xpanel()
    sprint(tstr,"PARSET:%s",filename)
    bx.intercept(0) bx.map(tstr)
    if (xposvec.size>1) { 
        xposvec.fill(0) xposvec.x[0]=-1 xposvec.x[1]=-2
      } else { print "Something wrong in parset." }
  }

//** prsl2prsl2() adds the printlist onto prsl2
proc prsl2prsl2 () { local p,prct,ii,jj
    p=allocvecs(1)
    print "Adding printlist items onto parameter lists"
    prct = printlist.count  
    prscp(prsl2,prsl)
    for ltr(XX,prsl2,&x) {   // expand out each of the param entries
        mso[p].copy(XX.v)      // save temporarily 
        XX.v.resize(sims*prct) // intersperse 'pointers' to printlist items
        for vtr(&x,mso[p]) for ii=0,prct-1 XX.v.x[i1*prct+ii]=x
      }
    ob = new PRS("states","{}")
    prsl.remove(prsl.count-1) // automatically added on to prsl, take it off
    for ltr(XX,printlist) if (sfunc.len(XX.vec.label)==0) {
        ob.append(XX.name,"{}") } else ob.append(XX.vec.label,"{}")
    ob.v.resize(sims*prct)
    for ii=0,sims-1 for jj=0,prct-1 ob.v.x[ii*prct+jj]=jj
    prsl2.append(ob)
    dealloc(p)
  }

//** proc prscp(p1,p2) -- copy from p2 to p1
proc prscp () {
    $o1.remove_all
    tmpobj=prsl  prslp=$o1 
    for ltr(XX,$o2) {
        ob = new PRS(XX.name,XX.clr)
        for ltr(YY,XX.l) ob.append(YY.s,YY.t)
        ob.v.copy(XX.v)
      }
    prslp=tmpobj // restore the pointer
  }

//* prsnames,-vals,-show,-show2
proc prsnames () {  localobj XX,st
    if (numarg()==2) for ltr(XX,prsl) {
        st=XX.ale($2)
        sprint($s1,"%s, %s=%s",$s1,st.s,st.t)
      } else for ltr(XX,prsl) XX.nam($s1) 
  }
proc prsvls () {  $s1="" for ltr(XX,prsl) XX.com($s1,$2) }
proc prsshow () { local flag
    if (numarg()==1) flag=$1 else flag=0
    prsnames(tt) print tt
    if (flag==2) for ii=0,sims-1 { 
        tt="" prsvls(tt,ii) printf("%s; ",tt) 
      } else for ltr(XX,prsl) {
        tt=""
        sprint(tt,"%s: %d (",XX.name,XX.n)
        for ltr(YY,XX.l) sprint(tt,"%s%s,",tt,YY.s)
        sfunc.left(tt,sfunc.len(tt)-1)
        printf("%s)\n",tt)
      }
  }

//** prsplist() -- rename the items in printlist
proc prsplist () { local min,max,flag
    prsnames(tt) comment=tt
    if (printlist.count != sims) { print "ERROR prsplist" return }
    for ltr(YY,printlist,&x) {
        tt="" 
        for ltr(XX,prsl) sprint(tt,"%s,%s:%s",tt,XX.name,XX.l.object(XX.v.x[x]).s)
        sfunc.right(tt,1)
        sprint(YY.name,"%s",tt)
      }
  }

//** prsplist2() -- used by exerun
// put a suitable combination title on the printlist item.vec.label
proc prsplist2 () { local ii,x localobj XX,YY
    ii=$2
    if (numarg()==3) sprint(tt,",%s",$s3) else tt=""
    for ltr(XX,prsl) sprint(tt,"%s,%s=%s",tt,XX.name,XX.l.object(XX.v.x[ii]).s)
    sfunc.right(tt,1) // get rid of leading ,
    for ltr(YY,printlist,&x) sprint(YY.name,"%s:%s",tt,$o1.o(x).s)
  }

//** prspars(#) show the params for that exe #
proc prspars () {
    ii=$1  tt=""
    for ltr(XX,prsl) sprint(tt,"%s,%s:%s",tt,XX.name,XX.l.object(XX.v.x[ii]).s)
    sfunc.right(tt,1)
    print tt
  }

//** prsid(str) find the exe # for the param string
func prsid () { local ii
    for ii=0,sims-1 { 
        tt=""
        for ltr(XX,prsl) sprint(tt,"%s,%s:%s",tt,XX.name,XX.l.object(XX.v.x[ii]).s)
        sfunc.right(tt,1)
        if (strc($s1,tt)) break
      }
    if (ii==sims) return -1 else return ii
  }

//* prssave,prsread
proc prssave () { local ii
    if (numarg()==1) file_with_p($s1,temp_string_,temp_string2_) else {
        file_with_p(panobj.output_file,temp_string_,temp_string2_) }
    tmpfile.wopen(temp_string_)
    print "Writing ",temp_string_
    if (printlist.count<=1) ob=prsl else { prsl2prsl2() ob=prsl2 }
    for ltr(XX,ob) {
        tmpfile.printf("%s\n",XX.name)
        if (sfunc.len(XX.clr)) tmpfile.printf("%s\n",XX.clr) else tmpfile.printf("{}\n")
        tmpfile.printf("%d\n",XX.l.count)
        for ltr(YY,XX.l) {
            tmpfile.printf("%s\n",YY.s)
            if (sfunc.len(YY.t)) tmpfile.printf("%s\n",YY.t) else tmpfile.printf("{}\n")
          }
      }
    tmpfile.close()
  }

// run prsread() after reading in file
proc prsread () { local ii,num
    if (0) {
        file_with_p($s1,tt,temp_string2_) 
        read_vfile(1,$s1)
      } else { 
        file_with_p(panobj.filename,tt,temp_string2_) 
      }
    prsparsef(tt)
    prscp(prsl2,prsl)
    xpospanl()
  }

//** parse files; used by prsread() 
// usage: for ltr(XX,dir) {prsparsef(XX.s) prsshow() }
proc prsparsef () { local ii,num
    print "Reading ",$s1
    prsl.remove_all
    if (! tmpfile.ropen($s1)) { print $s1," not found."  return }
    while ((numr = tmpfile.scanstr(temp_string_)) != -1) { 
        tmpfile.gets(temp_string2_)
        chop(temp_string2_)
        ob = new PRS(temp_string_,temp_string2_)
        num = tmpfile.scanvar()
        for ii=1,num {
            tmpfile.gets(temp_string_)
            tmpfile.gets(temp_string2_)
            chop(temp_string_) chop(temp_string2_)
            ob.append(temp_string_,temp_string2_)
          }
      }
    sims = setprs(1)
  }

// showpars() prs explorer using dired
proc showpars () {
    dired(dir,"data/p*")
    lbrw(dir,"showpars1")
  }
proc showpars1 () { local outv
    tstr=dir.object(hoc_ac_).s
    prsparsef(tstr)
    if (strcmp(prsl.object(prsl.count-1).name,"states")==0) {
        outv=prsl.object(prsl.count-1).l.count
        printf("%d sims x %d states\n",sims/outv,outv)
      } else printf("%d sims\n",sims)
    prsshow() 
  }

//** file_with_p(filename,result,scratch): replace v99 with p99 in result
proc file_with_p() {
    if (sfunc.substr($s1,"/") == -1) {
        sprint($s2,".%s",$s1)
      } else {
        sfunc.tail($s1,".*/v",$s3)
        sfunc.head($s1,"/[^/]+$",$s2)
        sprint($s2,"%s/p%s",$s2,$s3)
      }
  }
// END /usr/site/nrniv/local/hoc/parset.hoc
//================================================================

// END init.hoc
//================================================================
//================================================================
// INSERTED labels.hoc
// =Id=  labels.hoc,v 1.2 1998/08/16 00:24:08 billl Exp 

// external fgabaa,fgabab, fampa, fnmda, ftc, fre, fgen

//* syn types: fgabaa = 0 fgabab = 1 fampa = 2 fnmda = 3
func fgabaa (){return  0 }
func fgabab (){return  1 }
func fampa () {return  2 }
func fnmda () {return  3 }
func finj () {return  4 }

//* cell types: ftc = 0 fre = 1 fgen = 2
func ctypes () {return  6 }
func ftc () {return  0 }
func fre () {return  1 }
func fti () {return  2 }
func fin () {return  3 }
func fpy () {return  4 }
func fgen (){return  5 }

//* field types:  nrn=1, syn=3, clm=3, idx=4
func nrn() { return 1 }  // neuron type (either RE or TC)
func syn() { return 2 }  // synapse type (GABAA, GABAB, AMPA, NMDA)
func clm() { return 3 }  // column number
func idx() { return 4 }  // nrn number in the column 

//* utility functions
// plmin(val,var)
func plmin() { return $1 + $2*(2*u_rand() - 1) } 
// END labels.hoc
//================================================================
//================================================================
// INSERTED geom.hoc
// =Id=  geom.hoc,v 1.32 1998/09/25 20:12:05 billl Exp 

//* RE Cell sRE
//    TEMPLATE FILE FOR DEFINING RETICULAR NEURONS
//       --------------------------------------------
//
//       One compartment model and currents derived from:
//
//       Destexhe, A., Contreras, D., Sejnowski, T.J. and Steriade, M.
//       A model of spindle rhythmicity in the isolated thalamic reticular
//       nucleus.  J. Neurophysiol. 72: 803-818, 1994.
//
//       Destexhe, A., Contreras, D., Steriade, M., Sejnowski, T.J.,
//       and Huguenard, J.R.  In vivo, in vitro and computational analysis of 
//       dendritic calcium currents in thalamic reticular neurons.  
//       Journal of Neuroscience 16: 169-185, 1996.
//
//       Modifications:
//
//       - passive parameters estimated from simplex
//       - IT2: Q10=2.5, strong conductance for broad bursts
//       - no IK[Ca], no ICAN
//       - Ca++: simple decay only
//
//
//       This model is described in detail in:
//
//       Destexhe, A., Bal, T., McCormick, D.A. and Sejnowski, T.J.
//       Ionic mechanisms underlying synchronized oscillations and propagating
//       waves in a model of ferret thalamic slices. Journal of Neurophysiology
//       76: 2049-2070, 1996.  (see http://www.cnl.salk.edu/~alain)
//
//
//       Alain Destexhe, Salk Institute and Laval University, 1995
//** begintemplate sRE

begintemplate sRE		// create a new template object
public soma
public nmda, ampa, gabaa, gabab
public up

external fgabaa,fgabab, fampa, fnmda, ftc, fre, fgen
objectvar nmda, ampa, gabaa, gabab
objref this,up

create soma[1]			// one-compartment of 14260 um2
soma {
    nseg = 1
    diam = 70
    L = 64.86
    cm=1
  }

proc init() { local v_potassium, v_sodium
  
    type = fre()  num = $1
    access soma
  
    v_potassium = -100		// potassium reversal potential 
    v_sodium = 50			// sodium reversal potential 
  
    soma {
    	Ra = 100		// geometry 
    	nseg = 1
    	diam = 70
    	L = 64.86
      }
  
    soma {
        gabaa = new GABAA(0.5)
        gabab = new GABAB(0.5)
        ampa = new AMPA(0.5)
        nmda = new NMDA(0.5)
      }
  }
endtemplate sRE

//* TC Cell sTC
//       TEMPLATE FILE FOR DEFINING THALAMOCORTICAL NEURONS
//       --------------------------------------------------
//
//       One compartment model and currents derived from:
//
//       McCormick, D.A. and Huguenard, J.R.  A model of the 
//       electrophysiological properties of thalamocortical relay neurons.  
//       J. Neurophysiology 68: 1384-1400, 1992.
//
//       - passive: parameters idem Rinzel
//       - HH: Traub with higher threshold
//       - IT: m2h, nernst, tau_h modified with double exponential
//       - Ih: Huguenard with Ca++ dependence added, Ca++-binding protein
//       - Ca++: simple decay, faster than McCormick
//
//
//       This model is described in detail in:
//
//       Destexhe, A., Bal, T., McCormick, D.A. and Sejnowski, T.J.
//       Ionic mechanisms underlying synchronized oscillations and propagating
//       waves in a model of ferret thalamic slices. Journal of Neurophysiology
//       76: 2049-2070, 1996.  (see http://www.cnl.salk.edu/~alain)
//
//
//	Alain Destexhe, Salk Institute and Laval University, 1995
//** begintemplate sTC

begintemplate sTC		// create a new template object
public soma , kl
public nmda, ampa, gabaa, gabab
public up

external fgabaa,fgabab, fampa, fnmda, ftc, fre, fgen
objectvar nmda, ampa, gabaa, gabab
objref this,up

create soma[1]			// one compartment of about 29000 um2
soma {
    nseg = 1
    diam = 96
    L = 96
    cm = 1
  }

objectvar kl

proc init() { local v_potassium, v_sodium
  
    type = ftc()  num = $1
    access soma
  
    objectvar kl
    kl = new kleak()
    v_potassium = -100		// potassium reversal potential 
    v_sodium = 50			// sodium reversal potential 
  
    soma {
        gabaa = new GABAA(0.5)
        gabab = new GABAB(0.5)
        ampa = new AMPA(0.5)
        nmda = new NMDA(0.5)
      }
  
    soma {
        diam = 96		// geometry 
        L = 96			// so that area is about 29000 um2
        nseg = 1
        kl.loc(0.5)		// K-leak
        Ra = 100
      }
  }
endtemplate sTC

//* Thalamic interneuron (sTI)
//** begintemplate sTI
begintemplate sTI
  public soma,dend
  public nmda, ampa, gabaa, gabab, p, inhib, excit, inj
  public up
  external fgabaa,fgabab, fampa, fnmda, ftc, fre, finj, fgen
  objectvar nmda, ampa, gabaa, gabab, inj
  objref this,up

create soma, dend[1]

proc init () { local i,j
    ndend = 14
    create soma, dend[ndend]
    soma {
        gabaa = new GABAA(0.5)
        gabab = new GABAB(0.5)
        ampa = new AMPA(0.5)
        nmda = new NMDA(0.5)
      }
  
    forsec "soma" {
        nseg = 1
        diam = 10
        L = 16
        cm = 1
      }
    for i = 0, ndend-13 dend[i] {
        nseg = 1
        diam = 3.25
        L = 240
        cm = 1
      }
    for i = 2, ndend-1 dend[i] {
        nseg = 1
        diam = 1.75
        L = 180
        cm = 1
      }
  
    for i = 0, 1 connect dend[i](0), soma (0+i)
    for i = 2, ndend-7 connect dend[i](0), dend[0] (1)
    for i = 8, ndend-1 connect dend[i](0), dend[1] (1)
    forall Ra = 100
  }
endtemplate sTI

//* 2 CMP Thalamic interneuron (tTI)
//** begintemplate tTI
begintemplate tTI
  public soma,dend
  public nmda, ampa, gabaa, gabab, p, inhib, excit, inj
  public up
  external fgabaa,fgabab, fampa, fnmda, ftc, fre, finj, fgen
  objectvar nmda, ampa, gabaa, gabab, inj
  objref this,up

create soma, dend

proc init () { local i,j
    create soma, dend
  
    soma {
        gabaa = new GABAA(0.5)
        gabab = new GABAB(0.5)
        ampa = new AMPA(0.5)
        nmda = new NMDA(0.5)
      }
    forsec "soma" {
        nseg = 1
        diam = 10
        L = 16
        cm = 1
      }
  forsec "dend" {
        nseg = 1
        diam = 50
        L = 50
        cm = 3
      }
    connect dend(0), soma (1)
    forall Ra = 50
  }
endtemplate tTI

//* Cortical interneuron sINT
//       TEMPLATE FILE FOR DEFINING RETICULAR NEURONS
// --------------------------------------------
// 
// One compartment model and currents derived from:
// 
// Destexhe, A., Contreras, D. and Steriade, M.
// Mechanisms underlying the synchronizing action of corticothalamic
// feedback through inhibition of thalamic relay cells
// J. Neurophysiol.
//** begintemplate sINT
begintemplate sINT		// create a new template object
public soma
public nmda, ampa, gabaa, gabab
public up

external fgabaa,fgabab, fampa, fnmda, ftc, fre, fpy, fin, fgen
objectvar nmda, ampa, gabaa, gabab
objref this,up

create soma[1]			// one-compartment of 14260 um2
soma {
    nseg = 1
    diam = 70
    L = 64.86
    cm=1
  }

proc init() { local v_potassium, v_sodium
  
    v_potassium = -100		// potassium reversal potential 
    v_sodium = 50			// sodium reversal potential 
  
    type = fin()  num = $1
    access soma
  
    soma {
        gabaa = new GABAA(0.5)
        gabab = new GABAB(0.5)
        ampa = new AMPA(0.5)
        nmda = new NMDA(0.5)
      }
  
    soma {
    	Ra = 100		// geometry 
    	nseg = 1
    	diam = 70
    	L = 64.86
      }
  }
endtemplate sINT

//* Cortical pyramidal cell sPYR
//** begintemplate sPYR
begintemplate sPYR		// create a new template object
public soma
public nmda, ampa, gabaa, gabab
public up

external fgabaa,fgabab, fampa, fnmda, ftc, fre, fpy, fin, fgen
objectvar nmda, ampa, gabaa, gabab
objref this,up

create soma[1]			// one compartment of about 29000 um2
soma {
    nseg = 1
    diam = 96
    L = 96
    cm = 1
  }

proc init() { local v_potassium, v_sodium
  
    v_potassium = -100		// potassium reversal potential 
    v_sodium = 50			// sodium reversal potential 
  
    type = fpy()  num = $1
    access soma
  
    soma {
        gabaa = new GABAA(0.5)
        gabab = new GABAB(0.5)
        ampa = new AMPA(0.5)
        nmda = new NMDA(0.5)
      }
  
    soma {
    	diam = 96		// geometry 
    	L = 96			// so that area is about 29000 um2
    	nseg = 1
    	Ra = 100
      }
  }
endtemplate sPYR
// END geom.hoc
//================================================================
//================================================================
// INSERTED network.hoc
// =Id=  network.hoc,v 1.281 2009/01/13 15:52:27 billl Exp 

// unnecessary:?
// rcsopen("labels.hoc,2,geom.hoc,32")
//* Create cells

//* param settings
sims = ncells = 1

objectvar TC[ncells],RE[ncells],TI[ncells],PY[ncells],IN[ncells]
ind.resize(ncells) // number of columns
vec.resize(ncells)

for ii=0,ncells-1 {
  //  PY[ii] = new sPYR(0.5,ii)
  //  IN[ii] = new sINT(0.5,ii)
  //  TC[ii] = new sTC(0.5,ii)
    TI[ii] = new sTI(0.5,ii)
  //  RE[ii] = new sRE(0.5,ii)
  }

create nullseg
nullseg v= -1000
access nullseg

//* stimulation

objref pg[2]
// pg[0] = new SpikeGenerator(0.5)
// genlink(pg[0],"sTI","ampa")
// genlink(pg[0],"sTC","ampa")

objectvar stim[ncells]
for ii=0,ncells-1 TI[ii].soma stim[ii] = new IClamp(0.5)
// END network.hoc
//================================================================
//================================================================
// INSERTED params.hoc
// =Id=  params.hoc,v 1.848 2009/01/13 16:03:48 billl Exp 

celsius=36
printStep = dt = 0.25
tstop=1000
v_potassium = -100              // potassium reversal potential 
v_sodium = 50                   // sodium reversal potential 
v_init = -69      // set the individual ones by hand

cao0_ca_ion = 2
Cao0_Ca_ion = 1

//* cell params
//** TI 
forsec "TI.*soma" {
    insert naf2
    gmax_naf2     =  0.06
    mvhalf_naf2   = -40
    mvalence_naf2 =  5
    hvhalf_naf2   = -43
    hvalence_naf2 = -6
  
    insert kdr2
    gmax_kdr2     =  0.07
    mvhalf_kdr2   = -31
    mvalence_kdr2 =  3.8
  
    insert Pass
    g_Pass = 18e-6
    erev_Pass = -72.5
  
    insert ical
    pcabar_ical = 9.0e-4
    sh1_ical = -10
    sh2_ical = 0
  
    insert ical3
    pcabar_ical3 = 9.0e-4
    sh1_ical3 = -10
    sh2_ical3 = 0
  
    insert it2
    gcabar_it2 = 4.0e-4
    shift1_it2 = 7
    shift2_it2 = 0
    mx_it2 = 3.0
    hx_it2 = 1.5
    sm_it2 = 4.8
    sh_it2 = 4.6
  
    insert cad
    kt_cad = 0e-6
    kt2_cad = 0e-7
    k_cad  = 7.5e-3
    taur_cad  = 150
    cainf_cad  = 1e-8
    taur2_cad  = 80
    cainf2_cad  = 5.2e-5
    caix_cad  = 5.0e-5
  
    insert Cad
    kt_Cad = 0e-6
    k_Cad  = 7.5e-3
    taur_Cad  = 150
    Cainf_Cad  = 1e-8
    taur2_Cad  = 80
    Cainf2_Cad  = 5.2e-5
    Caix_Cad  = 5.0e-5
  
    insert iahp
    gkbar_iahp = 0.4
    beta_iahp = 0.02
    cac_iahp = 0.8e-3
    rat_iahp = 0.2
  
    insert ican
    gbar_ican =2e-5
    beta_ican = 0.003
    cac_ican = 1.1e-4
    rat_ican = 0.1
    x_ican = 8
  
    insert iar
    ghbar_iar = 1.3e-4
    shift_iar = -0.0
    erev_iar = -44
    stp_iar = 7.4
  }

forsec "TI.*dend"  {
    insert Pass
    g_Pass = 8e-6
    erev_Pass = -72.5
  }

for i=0,ncells-1 { 
    //  TC[i].kl.gmax = 0.003
  }

// setup first TC cell as an initiator (spontaneous waxing-waning)
// TC[0].soma.ghbar_iarad = 2.5e-5      // long interspindle period
// TC[0].kl.gmax = 0.005

// TC[0].soma.ghbar_iarad = 2e-5        // shorter interspindle period
// TC[0].kl.gmax = 0.005
 
//* synapse params
//** stim
for ii=0,ncells-1 { 
    stim[ii].del = 0 
    stim[ii].dur = 200
    stim[ii].amp = .02
  }
// END params.hoc
//================================================================
//================================================================
// INSERTED run.hoc
// =Id=  run.hoc,v 1.375 2009/01/13 16:03:49 billl Exp 

finitialize()
cvode_active(0)
cvode_local(1)
if (1) {  cvode.atol(1e-9)  cvode.rtol(1e-2) } 
if (0) {  cvode.atol(1e-4)   cvode.rtol(0)  } // very precise

byte_store=1

proc exepars () {
    for ii=0,sims-1 for ltr(XO,prsl) TI[ii].soma XO.clear
    for ii=0,sims-1 for ltr(XO,prsl) TI[ii].soma XO.exe(ii)
  }
exepars()
//* graphics
labelm=0
//  rmtray(0)
//  mktray(0,8,6,60,20)
//  setrange(0) setrange(0,-1) 
//  grtis("STIM")
strdef tt
proc grtis () {
    posvec($s1,ind)
    geall(0) grall(0,ind)
    prsnames(tt)  panobj.glist.object(0).label(0.05,0.8,tt)
    for vtr(&x,ind,&y) { tt="" 
        prsvals(tt,x)
        // print x,y,tt
        panobj.glist.object(y).label(0.00,0.1,tt)
      }
  }

//* init stuff
proc initMisc1 () {
    // setMemb()
    // if (cvode_change()) nprl()
  }

proc setMemb() { local i_forward, i_back, iSum
    forall {
        if (ismembrane("Pass")) {
            iSum = 0.0
            
            if (ismembrane("na_ion")) { iSum = iSum + ina }
            if (ismembrane("k_ion"))  { iSum = iSum + ik  }
            if (ismembrane("ca_ion")) { iSum = iSum + ica }
            if (ismembrane("Ca_ion")) { iSum = iSum + iCa }
            if (ismembrane("k2_ion")) { iSum = iSum + ik2 }
            if (ismembrane("k3_ion")) { iSum = iSum + ik3 }
            if (ismembrane("other_ion")) { iSum = iSum + iother }
            if (ismembrane("other2_ion")) { iSum = iSum + iother2 }
            if (ismembrane("ns_ion")) { iSum = iSum + ins } // Non-specific
      
            //    if (issection("soma")) {  print ina,ik,ica,iCa,ik2,ik3,iother,iother2,iSum }
            if (iSum == 0) {        // Pas cmp so set e_pas = v
                erev_Pass = v
        
              } else {
                if (g_Pass > 0) {    // Assume g set by user, calc e
                    erev_Pass = v + iSum/g_Pass
          
                  } else {            // Assume e set by user, calc g
                    if (erev_Pass != v) {
                        g_Pass = iSum/(erev_Pass - v)
            
                      } else {        // error: g_Pass <= 0
                        errorMsg("bad g", g_Pass)
                      }
                  }
        
                if (erev_Pass < -100 || erev_Pass > 0) {
                    errorMsg("erev out of bounds", erev_Pass)
                  }
              }
      
          } 
      }
  }

//* nprl
cvode_state = cvode_status()
func cvode_change () { 
    if (cvode_state!=cvode_status()) {
        cvode_state=cvode_status() return 1
      } else { return 0 }
  }

proc nprl () {
    printlist.remove_all()
    panobj.record(new List("sTI"),"soma.v(0.5)")
  }
gg()
g.addvar("TI.soma.v(0.5)")

{printf("cvode_active().cvode_local() = %.1f\n",cvode_status())}

xpanel("run the model")
xbutton("click here to run","{run() g.exec_menu(\"View = plot\")}")
xpanel()

// END run.hoc
//================================================================
// END batch.hoc
//================================================================