"In most vertebrate neurons, spikes initiate in the axonal initial segment (AIS). When recorded in the soma, they have a surprisingly sharp onset, as if sodium (Na) channels opened abruptly. The main view stipulates that spikes initiate in a conventional manner at the distal end of the AIS, then progressively sharpen as they backpropagate to the soma. We examined the biophysical models used to substantiate this view, and we found that spikes do not initiate through a local axonal current loop that propagates along the axon, but through a global current loop encompassing the AIS and soma, which forms an electrical dipole. Therefore, the phenomenon is not adequately modeled as the backpropagation of an electrical wave along the axon, since the wavelength would be as large as the entire system. Instead, in these models, we found that spike initiation rather follows the critical resistive coupling model proposed recently, where the Na current entering the AIS is matched by the axial resistive current flowing to the soma. ..."
Model Type: Axon; Neuron or other electrically excitable cell
Currents: I Sodium
Model Concept(s): Axonal Action Potentials; Action Potential Initiation
Simulation Environment: NEURON (web link to model); Python (web link to model)
Implementer(s): Telenczuk, Maria [mtelenczuk at unic.cnrs-gif.fr]; Fontaine, Bertrand
References:
Telenczuk M, Fontaine B, Brette R. (2017). The basis of sharp spike onset in standard biophysical models. PloS one. 12 [PubMed]