Bi GQ, Poo MM. (1998). Synaptic modifications in cultured hippocampal neurons: dependence on spike timing, synaptic strength, and postsynaptic cell type. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 18 [PubMed]
Boiko T et al. (2001). Compact myelin dictates the differential targeting of two sodium channel isoforms in the same axon. Neuron. 30 [PubMed]
Boiko T et al. (2003). Functional specialization of the axon initial segment by isoform-specific sodium channel targeting. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 23 [PubMed]
COOMBS JS, CURTIS DR, ECCLES JC. (1957). The interpretation of spike potentials of motoneurones. The Journal of physiology. 139 [PubMed]
Clark BA, Monsivais P, Branco T, London M, Häusser M. (2005). The site of action potential initiation in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Nature neuroscience. 8 [PubMed]
Colbert CM, Johnston D. (1996). Axonal action-potential initiation and Na+ channel densities in the soma and axon initial segment of subicular pyramidal neurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 16 [PubMed]
Colbert CM, Johnston D. (1998). Protein kinase C activation decreases activity-dependent attenuation of dendritic Na+ current in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Journal of neurophysiology. 79 [PubMed]
Colbert CM, Pan E. (2002). Ion channel properties underlying axonal action potential initiation in pyramidal neurons. Nature neuroscience. 5 [PubMed]
Cooley JW, Dodge FA. (1973). Action Potential of the Motorneuron. IBM J Res Dev. 17
Duflocq A, Le Bras B, Bullier E, Couraud F, Davenne M. (2008). Nav1.1 is predominantly expressed in nodes of Ranvier and axon initial segments. Molecular and cellular neurosciences. 39 [PubMed]
Eccles JC. (1957). The Physiology Of Nerve Cells.
Engel D, Jonas P. (2005). Presynaptic action potential amplification by voltage-gated Na+ channels in hippocampal mossy fiber boutons. Neuron. 45 [PubMed]
FATT P. (1957). Sequence of events in synaptic activation of a motoneurone. Journal of neurophysiology. 20 [PubMed]
FUORTES MG, FRANK K, BECKER MC. (1957). Steps in the production of motoneuron spikes. The Journal of general physiology. 40 [PubMed]
HODGKIN AL, HUXLEY AF. (1952). A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. The Journal of physiology. 117 [PubMed]
Hines ML, Carnevale NT. (1997). The NEURON simulation environment. Neural computation. 9 [PubMed]
Howard A, Tamas G, Soltesz I. (2005). Lighting the chandelier: new vistas for axo-axonic cells. Trends in neurosciences. 28 [PubMed]
Inda MC, DeFelipe J, Muñoz A. (2006). Voltage-gated ion channels in the axon initial segment of human cortical pyramidal cells and their relationship with chandelier cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 [PubMed]
Kampa BM, Clements J, Jonas P, Stuart GJ. (2004). Kinetics of Mg2+ unblock of NMDA receptors: implications for spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity. The Journal of physiology. 556 [PubMed]
Kampa BM, Letzkus JJ, Stuart GJ. (2006). Requirement of dendritic calcium spikes for induction of spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity. The Journal of physiology. 574 [PubMed]
Kaplan MR et al. (2001). Differential control of clustering of the sodium channels Na(v)1.2 and Na(v)1.6 at developing CNS nodes of Ranvier. Neuron. 30 [PubMed]
Kole MH et al. (2008). Action potential generation requires a high sodium channel density in the axon initial segment. Nature neuroscience. 11 [PubMed]
Kole MH, Letzkus JJ, Stuart GJ. (2007). Axon initial segment Kv1 channels control axonal action potential waveform and synaptic efficacy. Neuron. 55 [PubMed]
Kole MH, Stuart GJ. (2008). Is action potential threshold lowest in the axon? Nature neuroscience. 11 [PubMed]
Komai S et al. (2006). Postsynaptic excitability is necessary for strengthening of cortical sensory responses during experience-dependent development. Nature neuroscience. 9 [PubMed]
Lorincz A, Nusser Z. (2008). Cell-type-dependent molecular composition of the axon initial segment. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 28 [PubMed]
Mainen ZF, Joerges J, Huguenard JR, Sejnowski TJ. (1995). A model of spike initiation in neocortical pyramidal neurons. Neuron. 15 [PubMed]
Mainen ZF, Sejnowski TJ. (1996). Influence of dendritic structure on firing pattern in model neocortical neurons. Nature. 382 [PubMed]
Markram H, Lübke J, Frotscher M, Sakmann B. (1997). Regulation of synaptic efficacy by coincidence of postsynaptic APs and EPSPs. Science (New York, N.Y.). 275 [PubMed]
McCormick DA, Shu Y, Yu Y. (2007). Neurophysiology: Hodgkin and Huxley model--still standing? Nature. 445 [PubMed]
Meeks JP, Mennerick S. (2007). Action potential initiation and propagation in CA3 pyramidal axons. Journal of neurophysiology. 97 [PubMed]
Milojkovic BA, Wuskell JP, Loew LM, Antic SD. (2005). Initiation of sodium spikelets in basal dendrites of neocortical pyramidal neurons. The Journal of membrane biology. 208 [PubMed]
Moore JW, Stockbridge N, Westerfield M. (1983). On the site of impulse initiation in a neurone. The Journal of physiology. 336 [PubMed]
Naundorf B, Wolf F, Volgushev M. (2006). Unique features of action potential initiation in cortical neurons. Nature. 440 [PubMed]
Palmer LM, Stuart GJ. (2006). Site of action potential initiation in layer 5 pyramidal neurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 26 [PubMed]
Rapp M, Yarom Y, Segev I. (1996). Modeling back propagating action potential in weakly excitable dendrites of neocortical pyramidal cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 [PubMed]
Royeck M et al. (2008). Role of axonal NaV1.6 sodium channels in action potential initiation of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Journal of neurophysiology. 100 [PubMed]
Rush AM, Dib-Hajj SD, Waxman SG. (2005). Electrophysiological properties of two axonal sodium channels, Nav1.2 and Nav1.6, expressed in mouse spinal sensory neurones. The Journal of physiology. 564 [PubMed]
Sather W, Dieudonné S, MacDonald JF, Ascher P. (1992). Activation and desensitization of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in nucleated outside-out patches from mouse neurones. The Journal of physiology. 450 [PubMed]
Shu Y, Duque A, Yu Y, Haider B, McCormick DA. (2007). Properties of action-potential initiation in neocortical pyramidal cells: evidence from whole cell axon recordings. Journal of neurophysiology. 97 [PubMed]
Shu Y, Hasenstaub A, Duque A, Yu Y, McCormick DA. (2006). Modulation of intracortical synaptic potentials by presynaptic somatic membrane potential. Nature. 441 [PubMed]
Shu Y, Hasenstaub A, McCormick DA. (2003). Turning on and off recurrent balanced cortical activity. Nature. 423 [PubMed]
Shu Y, Yu Y, Yang J, McCormick DA. (2007). Selective control of cortical axonal spikes by a slowly inactivating K+ current. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 [PubMed]
Sjöström PJ, Turrigiano GG, Nelson SB. (2001). Rate, timing, and cooperativity jointly determine cortical synaptic plasticity. Neuron. 32 [PubMed]
Steriade M, Nuñez A, Amzica F. (1993). A novel slow (< 1 Hz) oscillation of neocortical neurons in vivo: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing components. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 13 [PubMed]
Stuart G, Schiller J, Sakmann B. (1997). Action potential initiation and propagation in rat neocortical pyramidal neurons. The Journal of physiology. 505 ( Pt 3) [PubMed]
Stuart G, Spruston N, Sakmann B, Häusser M. (1997). Action potential initiation and backpropagation in neurons of the mammalian CNS. Trends in neurosciences. 20 [PubMed]
Van Wart A, Trimmer JS, Matthews G. (2007). Polarized distribution of ion channels within microdomains of the axon initial segment. The Journal of comparative neurology. 500 [PubMed]
Wollner DA, Catterall WA. (1986). Localization of sodium channels in axon hillocks and initial segments of retinal ganglion cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 83 [PubMed]
Yu Y, Shu Y, McCormick DA. (2008). Cortical action potential backpropagation explains spike threshold variability and rapid-onset kinetics. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 28 [PubMed]
Acker CD, Hoyos E, Loew LM. (2016). EPSPs Measured in Proximal Dendritic Spines of Cortical Pyramidal Neurons. eNeuro. 3 [PubMed]
Anderson RW, Farokhniaee A, Gunalan K, Howell B, McIntyre CC. (2018). Action potential initiation, propagation, and cortical invasion in the hyperdirect pathway during subthalamic deep brain stimulation Brain Stimulation.
Balbi P, Martinoia S, Massobrio P. (2015). Axon-somatic back-propagation in detailed models of spinal alpha motoneurons. Frontiers in computational neuroscience. 9 [PubMed]
Balbi P, Massobrio P, Hellgren Kotaleski J. (2017). A single Markov-type kinetic model accounting for the macroscopic currents of all human voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms. PLoS computational biology. 13 [PubMed]
Barlow BSM, Longtin A, Joós B. (2024). Impact on backpropagation of the spatial heterogeneity of sodium channel kinetics in the axon initial segment. PLoS computational biology. 20 [PubMed]
Ben-Shalom R et al. (2017). Opposing Effects on NaV1.2 Function Underlie Differences Between SCN2A Variants Observed in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder or Infantile Seizures. Biological psychiatry. 82 [PubMed]
Ben-Shalom R et al. (2022). NeuroGPU: Accelerating multi-compartment, biophysically detailed neuron simulations on GPUs Journal of neuroscience methods. 366 [PubMed]
Bichler EK, Cavarretta F, Jaeger D. (2021). Changes in Excitability Properties of Ventromedial Motor Thalamic Neurons in 6-OHDA Lesioned Mice. eNeuro. 8 [PubMed]
Brette R. (2013). Sharpness of spike initiation in neurons explained by compartmentalization. PLoS computational biology. 9 [PubMed]
Feng B, Zhu Y, La JH, Wills ZP, Gebhart GF. (2015). Experimental and computational evidence for an essential role of NaV1.6 in spike initiation at stretch-sensitive colorectal afferent endings. Journal of neurophysiology. 113 [PubMed]
Fleidervish IA, Lasser-Ross N, Gutnick MJ, Ross WN. (2010). Na+ imaging reveals little difference in action potential-evoked Na+ influx between axon and soma. Nature neuroscience. 13 [PubMed]
Foust AJ, Yu Y, Popovic M, Zecevic D, McCormick DA. (2011). Somatic membrane potential and Kv1 channels control spike repolarization in cortical axon collaterals and presynaptic boutons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 31 [PubMed]
Foutz TJ, Arlow RL, McIntyre CC. (2012). Theoretical principles underlying optical stimulation of a channelrhodopsin-2 positive pyramidal neuron. Journal of neurophysiology. 107 [PubMed]
Grossman N et al. (2013). The spatial pattern of light determines the kinetics and modulates backpropagation of optogenetic action potentials. Journal of computational neuroscience. 34 [PubMed]
Hay E, Hill S, Schürmann F, Markram H, Segev I. (2011). Models of neocortical layer 5b pyramidal cells capturing a wide range of dendritic and perisomatic active properties. PLoS computational biology. 7 [PubMed]
Hay E, Schürmann F, Markram H, Segev I. (2013). Preserving axosomatic spiking features despite diverse dendritic morphology. Journal of neurophysiology. 109 [PubMed]
Hsu CL, Zhao X, Milstein AD, Spruston N. (2018). Persistent sodium current mediates the steep voltage dependence of spatial coding in hippocampal pyramidal neurons Neuron. 99
Hyun JH et al. (2015). Kv1.2 mediates heterosynaptic modulation of direct cortical synaptic inputs in CA3 pyramidal cells. The Journal of physiology. 593 [PubMed]
Lezmy J et al. (2017). M-current inhibition rapidly induces a unique CK2-dependent plasticity of the axon initial segment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 [PubMed]
Lindroos R et al. (2018). Basal Ganglia Neuromodulation Over Multiple Temporal and Structural Scales-Simulations of Direct Pathway MSNs Investigate the Fast Onset of Dopaminergic Effects and Predict the Role of Kv4.2. Frontiers in neural circuits. 12 [PubMed]
Meza RC, López-Jury L, Canavier CC, Henny P. (2018). Role of the Axon Initial Segment in the Control of Spontaneous Frequency of Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons In Vivo. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 38 [PubMed]
Michalikova M, Remme MW, Kempter R. (2017). Spikelets in Pyramidal Neurons: Action Potentials Initiated in the Axon Initial Segment That Do Not Activate the Soma. PLoS computational biology. 13 [PubMed]
Moubarak E et al. (2019). Robustness to Axon Initial Segment Variation Is Explained by Somatodendritic Excitability in Rat Substantia Nigra Dopaminergic Neurons. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 39 [PubMed]
Neymotin SA et al. (2017). Optimizing computer models of corticospinal neurons to replicate in vitro dynamics. Journal of neurophysiology. 117 [PubMed]
Ona-Jodar T, Gerkau NJ, Sara Aghvami S, Rose CR, Egger V. (2017). Two-Photon Na+ Imaging Reports Somatically Evoked Action Potentials in Rat Olfactory Bulb Mitral and Granule Cell Neurites. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience. 11 [PubMed]
Parasuram H et al. (2016). Computational Modeling of Single Neuron Extracellular Electric Potentials and Network Local Field Potentials using LFPsim. Frontiers in computational neuroscience. 10 [PubMed]
Platkiewicz J, Brette R. (2010). A threshold equation for action potential initiation. PLoS computational biology. 6 [PubMed]
Platkiewicz J, Brette R. (2011). Impact of fast sodium channel inactivation on spike threshold dynamics and synaptic integration. PLoS computational biology. 7 [PubMed]
Radecki DZ et al. (2018). Corticohippocampal Dysfunction In The OBiden Mouse Model Of Primary Oligodendrogliopathy. Scientific reports. 8 [PubMed]
Santamaria F, Teka W, Stockton D. (2016). Power-law dynamics of membrane conductances increase spiking diversity in a Hodgkin-Huxley model PLoS Comput Biol. 12(3)
Schmidt-Hieber C, Bischofberger J. (2010). Fast sodium channel gating supports localized and efficient axonal action potential initiation. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 30 [PubMed]
Singh C, Levy WB. (2017). A consensus layer V pyramidal neuron can sustain interpulse-interval coding. PloS one. 12 [PubMed]
Spratt PWE et al. (2021). Paradoxical hyperexcitability from NaV1.2 sodium channel loss in neocortical pyramidal cells Cell reports. 36 [PubMed]
Vascak M, Sun J, Baer M, Jacobs KM, Povlishock JT. (2017). Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Evokes Pyramidal Neuron Axon Initial Segment Plasticity and Diffuse Presynaptic Inhibitory Terminal Loss. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience. 11 [PubMed]
Vladimirov N, Tu Y, Traub RD. (2013). Synaptic gating at axonal branches, and sharp-wave ripples with replay: a simulation study. The European journal of neuroscience. 38 [PubMed]
Wenger C, Paredes L, Rattay F. (2011). Current-distance relations for microelectrode stimulation of pyramidal cells. Artificial organs. 35 [PubMed]
Wilmes KA, Sprekeler H, Schreiber S. (2016). Inhibition as a Binary Switch for Excitatory Plasticity in Pyramidal Neurons. PLoS computational biology. 12 [PubMed]
Wimmer VC et al. (2010). Axon initial segment dysfunction in a mouse model of genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus. The Journal of clinical investigation. 120 [PubMed]
Öz P, Huang M, Wolf F. (2015). Action potential initiation in a multi-compartmental model with cooperatively gating Na channels in the axon initial segment. Journal of computational neuroscience. 39 [PubMed]